Cited by 560Retinal Development and DisordersNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Transcriptional regulation of photoreceptor development and homeostasis in the mammalian retina

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Swaroop, Anand, Kim, Douglas, Forrest, Douglas·2010·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Abstract

In the developing vertebrate retina, diverse neuronal subtypes originate from multipotent progenitors in a conserved order and are integrated into an intricate laminated architecture. Recent progress in mammalian photoreceptor development has identified a complex relationship between six key transcription-regulatory factors (RORbeta, OTX2, NRL, CRX, NR2E3 and TRbeta2) that determine rod versus M cone or S cone cell fate. We propose a step-wise 'transcriptional dominance' model of photoreceptor cell fate determination, with the S cone representing the default state of a generic photoreceptor precursor. Elucidation of gene-regulatory networks that dictate photoreceptor genesis and homeostasis will have wider implications for understanding the development of nervous system function and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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  • Certain differentiation gene batteries composed of orthologous effector genes and the regulatory state drivers that activate them are known in all bilaterian animals investigated and even in cnidarians, e.g., in muscle cells, neurons, photoreceptor cells, and neurosecretory cells.

    “Certain differentiation gene batteries composed of orthologous effector genes and the regulatory state drivers that activate them are known in all bilaterian animals investigated and even in cnidarians, e.g., in muscle cells (5) neurons (13), photoreceptor cells (14 -17), and neurosecretory cells (17).”

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Authors
Swaroop, A., Kim, D., & Forrest, D.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US)
Corresponding author
Swaroop, Anand
Venue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Published
2010-08
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
563-576
ISSN
  • 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0048
OpenAlex
W2067470032
Cited by
560
References
154
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 30
FWCI
2.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute (ZIAEY000473, Z01EY000450, ZIAEY000546)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
photoreceptor development, transcriptional regulation, retina, S-cones, rod photoreceptors, M-cones, transcription factors, RORβ, Otx2, NRL, CRX, NR2E3, TRbeta2, gene regulatory networks
MeSH terms
Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Photoreceptor Cells, Retina, Retinal Diseases, Transcription, Genetic, Apoptosis, Neurogenesis

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