Cited by 346Renal and related cancersUrological Disorders and TreatmentsPediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies

Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors involved in CAKUT

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Nicolaou, Nayia, Renkema, Kirsten Y., Bongers, Ernie M. H. F., Giles, Rachel H., Knoers, Nine V. A. M.·2015·Nature Reviews Nephrology

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) refer to a spectrum of structural renal malformations and are the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children. The genetic diagnosis of CAKUT has proven to be challenging due to genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and incomplete genetic penetrance. Monogenic causes of CAKUT have been identified using different approaches, including single gene screening, and gene panel and whole exome sequencing. The majority of the identified mutations, however, lack substantial evidence to support a pathogenic role in CAKUT. Copy number variants or single nucleotide variants that are associated with CAKUT have also been identified. Numerous studies support the influence of epigenetic and environmental factors on kidney development and the natural history of CAKUT, suggesting that the pathogenesis of this syndrome is multifactorial. In this Review we describe the current knowledge regarding the genetic susceptibility underlying CAKUT and the approaches used to investigate the genetic basis of CAKUT. We outline the associated environmental risk factors and epigenetic influences on CAKUT and discuss the challenges and strategies used to fully address the involvement and interplay of these factors in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrneph.2015.140

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  • Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract have been ascribed to a variety of genetic and environmental elements present at the time of renal development in utero that disrupt the fetal renal migration pattern, including possible lymphatic factors.

    “Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract have been ascribed to a variety of genetic and environmental elements present at the time of renal development in utero that disrupt the fetal renal migration pattern, including possible lymphatic factors.687”

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Authors
Nicolaou, N., Renkema, K. Y., Bongers, E. M. H. F., Giles, R. H., & Knoers, N. V. A. M.
Affiliations
  • University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
Corresponding author
Knoers, Nine V. A. M.
Venue
Nature Reviews Nephrology
Published
2015-08-18
Volume
11
Issue
12
Pages
720-731
ISSN
  • 1745-8323 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5061
  • 1759-507X
OpenAlex
W1133571833
Cited by
344
References
139
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 1
FWCI
2.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Nephrology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Renal and related cancers
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
Keywords
congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, environmental risk factors, copy number variation, single nucleotide variants, genetic heterogeneity, phenotypic heterogeneity, gene panel sequencing, exome sequencing, kidney development, pediatric end-stage renal disease, multifactorial pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Congenital Abnormalities, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Kidney, Urinary Tract, Epigenesis, Genetic

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