The DOI matches its Crossref record; 147 of the 147 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus — triggers, mechanisms and treatment
Open accessAbstract
Tinnitus is a phantom auditory sensation that reduces quality of life for millions of people worldwide, and for which there is no medical cure. Most cases of tinnitus are associated with hearing loss caused by ageing or noise exposure. Exposure to loud recreational sound is common among the young, and this group are at increasing risk of developing tinnitus. Head or neck injuries can also trigger the development of tinnitus, as altered somatosensory input can affect auditory pathways and lead to tinnitus or modulate its intensity. Emotional and attentional state could be involved in the development and maintenance of tinnitus via top-down mechanisms. Thus, military personnel in combat are particularly at risk owing to combined risk factors (hearing loss, somatosensory system disturbances and emotional stress). Animal model studies have identified tinnitus-associated neural changes that commence at the cochlear nucleus and extend to the auditory cortex and other brain regions. Maladaptive neural plasticity seems to underlie these changes: it results in increased spontaneous firing rates and synchrony among neurons in central auditory structures, possibly generating the phantom percept. This Review highlights the links between animal and human studies, and discusses several therapeutic approaches that have been developed to target the neuroplastic changes underlying tinnitus.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0 · Cited by 5,592
Adding Insult to Injury: Cochlear Nerve Degeneration after “Temporary” Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Kujawa, S. G., & Liberman, M. C. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2845-09.2009 · Cited by 2,456
Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception
Jastreboff, P. J. (1990) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/0168-0102(90)90031-9 · Cited by 1,576
Llinás, R. R., Ribary, U., Jeanmonod, D., Kronberg, E., & Mitra, P. P. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15222 · Cited by 1,388
Schaette, R., & McAlpine, D. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2156-11.2011 · Cited by 1,009
Eggermont, J. J., & Roberts, L. E. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.010 · Cited by 991
Self-citationAge-Related Cochlear Synaptopathy: An Early-Onset Contributor to Auditory Functional Decline
Sergeyenko, Y., Lall, K., Liberman, M. C., & Kujawa, S. G. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1783-13.2013 · Cited by 794
Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus
Tunkel, D. E., Bauer, C. A., Sun, G. H., Rosenfeld, R. M., Chandrasekhar, S. S., Cunningham, E. R., Archer, S. M., Blakley, B. W., Carter, J. M., Granieri, E. C., et al. (2014) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/0194599814545325 · Cited by 769
Noise-induced cochlear neuropathy is selective for fibers with low spontaneous rates
Furman, A. C., Kujawa, S. G., & Liberman, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00164.2013 · Cited by 761
Kujawa, S. G., & Liberman, M. C. (2015) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2015.02.009 · Cited by 754
Research works printed but not linked: 22
- Soleymani, T. et al. Surgical approaches to tinnitus treatment: a review and novel approaches. Surg. Neurol. Int. 2, 154 (2011). · doi:10.4103/2152-7806.86834
- Barnea, G., Attias, J., Gold, S. & Shahar, A. Tinnitus with normal hearing sensitivity: extended high-frequency audiometry and auditory-nerve brain-stem-evoked responses. Audiology 29, 36–45 (1990). · doi:10.3109/00206099009081644
- Zhou, X., Henin, S., Long, G. R. & Parra, L. C. Impaired cochlear function correlates with the presence of tinnitus and its estimated spectral profile. Hear. Res. 277, 107–116 (2011). · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2011.02.006
- Heffner, H. E. & Heffner, R. S. in Tinnitus (eds Eggermont, J. J. et al.) Ch. 2 487–495 (Springer, 2012).
- Berger, J. I., Coomber, B., Shackleton, T. M., Palmer, A. R. & Wallace, M. N. A novel behavioural approach to detecting tinnitus in the guinea pig. J. Neurosci. Methods 213, 188–195 (2013). · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.12.023
- Xiong, H. et al. Hidden hearing loss in tinnitus patients with normal audiograms: implications for the origin of tinnitus. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 27, 362–365 (in Chinese) (2013).
- Sumner, C. J., Tucci, D. L. & Shore, S. E. Responses of ventral cochlear nucleus neurons to contralateral sound after conductive hearing loss. J. Neurophysiol. 94, 4234–4243 (2005). · doi:10.1152/jn.00401.2005
- Bledsoe, S. C. Jr et al. Ventral cochlear nucleus responses to contralateral sound are mediated by commissural and olivocochlear pathways. J. Neurophysiol. 102, 886–900 (2009). · doi:10.1152/jn.91003.2008
- Kaltenbach, J. A. Summary of evidence pointing to a role of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in the etiology of tinnitus. Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl. 556, 20–26 (2006). · doi:10.1080/03655230600895309
- Robertson, D., Bester, C., Vogler, D. & Mulders, W. H. Spontaneous hyperactivity in the auditory midbrain: relationship to afferent input. Hear. Res. 295, 124–129 (2013). · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2012.02.002
- Ropp, T. J., Tiedemann, K. L., Young, E. D. & May, B. J. Effects of unilateral acoustic trauma on tinnitus-related spontaneous activity in the inferior colliculus. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 15, 1007–1022 (2014). · doi:10.1007/s10162-014-0488-2
- Manzoor, N. F. et al. Noise-induced hyperactivity in the inferior colliculus: its relationship with hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 108, 976–988 (2012). · doi:10.1152/jn.00833.2011
- Mulders, W. H., Ding, D., Salvi, R. & Robertson, D. Relationship between auditory thresholds central spontaneous activity, and hair cell loss after acoustic trauma. J. Comp. Neurol. 519, 2637–2647 (2011). · doi:10.1002/cne.22644
- Zacharek, M. A., Kaltenbach, J. A., Mathog, T. A. & Zhang, J. Effects of cochlear ablation on noise induced hyperactivity in the hamster dorsal cochlear nucleus: implications for the origin of noise induced tinnitus. Hear. Res. 172, 137–143 (2002). · doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00575-0
- Zhang, J. S., Kaltenbach, J. A., Godfrey, D. A. & Wang, J. Origin of hyperactivity in the hamster dorsal cochlear nucleus following intense sound exposure. J. Neurosci. Res. 84, 819–831 (2006). · doi:10.1002/jnr.20985
- Basura, G. J., Koehler, S. D. & Shore, S. E. Bimodal stimulus timing dependent plasticity in primary auditory cortex is altered after noise exposure with and without tinnitus. J. Neurophysiol. 114, 3064–3075 (2015). · DOI
- Kaltenbach, J. A. & Zhang, J. Intense sound-induced plasticity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats: evidence for cholinergic receptor upregulation. Hear. Res. 226, 232–243 (2007). · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.07.001
- Jin, Y. M., Godfrey, D. A., Wang, J. & Kaltenbach, J. A. Effects of intense tone exposure on choline acetyltransferase activity in the hamster cochlear nucleus. Hear. Res. 216–217, 168–175 (2006). · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.02.002
- Haenggeli, C. A., Pongstaporn, T., Doucet, J. R. & Ryugo, D. K. Projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to the cochlear nucleus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 484, 191–205 (2005). · doi:10.1002/cne.20466
- Zeng, C., Shroff, H. & Shore, S. E. Cuneate and spinal trigeminal nucleus projections to the cochlear nucleus are differentially associated with vesicular glutamate transporter-2. Neuroscience 176, 142–151 (2011). · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.010
- Heeringa, A., Stefanescu, R. A., Raphael, Y. & Shore, S. Altered vesicular glutamate transporter distributions in the mouse cochlear nucleus following cochlear insult. Neuroscience 315, 114–124 (2016). · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.009
- Han, S. S. et al. Clonazepam quiets tinnitus: a randomised crossover study with Ginkgo biloba. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 83, 821–827 (2012). · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302273
Cited by
A multidisciplinary European guideline for tinnitus: diagnostics, assessment, and treatment
Cima, R. F. F., Mazurek, B., Haider, H., Kikidis, D., Lapira, A., Noreña, A., & Hoare, D. J. (2019) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-019-0633-7 · Cited by 442
Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus
Fuller, T., Cima, R., Langguth, B., Mazurek, B., Vlaeyen, J. W., & Hoare, D. J. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012614.pub2 · Cited by 212
Self-citationTherapeutic approaches to the treatment of tinnitus
Langguth, B., Elgoyhen, A. B., & Cederroth, C. R. (2019) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021556 · Cited by 129
Self-citationResearch trends and hotspots of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: a bibliometric analysis
He, Y., Liu, J., Cheng, H., Ye, H., Li, C., Gao, Y., & Xu, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1536224 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Shore, S. E., Roberts, L. E., & Langguth, B.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neurology
- Published
- 2016-02-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 150-160
- ISSN
- 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4766
- OpenAlex
- W2252713678
- Cited by
- 474
- References
- 147
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus — triggers, mechanisms and treatment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12
- The paper
- Shore, S. E., Roberts, L. E., & Langguth, B. (2016). Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus — triggers, mechanisms and treatment. Nature Reviews Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.