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A consensus model of human apolipoprotein A-I in its monomeric and lipid-free state
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Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I is an organizing scaffold protein that is critical to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) structure and metabolism, probably mediating many of its cardioprotective properties. However, HDL biogenesis is poorly understood, as lipid-free apoA-I has been notoriously resistant to high-resolution structural study. Published models from low-resolution techniques share certain features but vary considerably in shape and secondary structure. To tackle this central issue in lipoprotein biology, we assembled a team of structural biologists specializing in apolipoproteins and set out to build a consensus model of monomeric lipid-free human apoA-I. Combining novel and published cross-link constraints, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) and crystallography data, we propose a time-averaged model consistent with much of the experimental data published over the last 40 years. The model provides a long-sought platform for understanding and testing details of HDL biogenesis, structure and function.
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Trustworthy AI requires honesty and unbiased decision-making to reduce biases that may cause discrimination.
“Moreover, a commitment to honesty and unbiased decision-making is vital, aiming to reduce implicit and explicit biases in AI systems that may contribute to discrimination based on factors such as race and gender.”
From Opportunities, challenges, and benefits of AI innovation in government services: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Discussion (Limitations of the model; page unavailable) describes a structural model of apolipoprotein A-I, not principles for trustworthy AI. Searches for honesty, unbiased AI decision-making, and discrimination by race or gender found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTrustworthy AI requires security and safety of AI systems.
“Another crucial aspect is the security and safety of AI systems [25].”
From Opportunities, challenges, and benefits of AI innovation in government services: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The paper’s Discussion and Abstract address the structure and stability of apolipoprotein A-I, not AI systems. Searches for security and safety of AI systems and for trustworthy artificial intelligence found no passage addressing the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTrustworthy AI requires accountability and responsibility, including policy changes to hold AI systems accountable in life-or-death tasks.
“One critical aspect is Accountability and responsibility, necessitating policy changes to ensure that AI systems can be held accountable, particularly in tasks with life-or-death consequences.”
From Opportunities, challenges, and benefits of AI innovation in government services: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Abstract and Discussion describe a structural model of apolipoprotein A-I and its role in HDL biology, not trustworthy AI. Searches for AI accountability, responsibility, policy changes, and life-or-death tasks found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdvancements in AI accessibility to the public are anticipated to alleviate challenges associated with providing adequate resources for AI research and development in the coming years.
“Despite the challenges associated with providing adequate resources for AI research and development, Cooke et al. [25] note that advancements in AI accessibility to the public are anticipated to alleviate these challenges in the coming years.”
From Opportunities, challenges, and benefits of AI innovation in government services: a review (2024) · cites this paper as Cooke et al. [25]
The Abstract and Discussion describe a structural model of apolipoprotein A-I, not artificial intelligence. Searches for public AI accessibility and resources for AI research and development found no passage addressing the attributed prediction. The paper’s references to “A-I” concern a protein. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTrustworthy AI requires transparency, making AI systems open and comprehensible.
“Transparency is key, making AI systems open and comprehensible allowing individuals to understand their functioning.”
From Opportunities, challenges, and benefits of AI innovation in government services: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Abstract and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) concern the structure of apolipoprotein A-I and HDL formation, not AI systems. Searches for trustworthy AI, transparency, and comprehensible AI systems found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Melchior, J. T., Walker, R. G., Cooke, A. L., Morris, J., Castleberry, M., Thompson, T. B., Jones, M. K., Song, H. D., Rye, K.-A., Oda, M. N., Sorci-Thomas, M. G., Thomas, M. J., Heinecke, J. W., Mei, X., Atkinson, D., Segrest, J. P., Lund-Katz, S., Phillips, M. C., & Davidson, W. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davidson, W Sean
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
- Published
- 2017-11-13
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1093-1099
- ISSN
- 1545-9985 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-9993
- PMC
- PMC5749415
- OpenAlex
- W2770241117
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL092969, R01HL112625, R01HL116518, P01HL026335, R01HL112276, R01HL127649, P01HL128203, T32HL125204)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM098458)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK017047)
- National Center for Research Resources (S10RR027015)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein A-I, HDL biogenesis, high-density lipoprotein, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, small-angle X-ray scattering, protein structure
- MeSH terms
- Cardiotonic Agents, Computer Simulation, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Models, Molecular, Apolipoprotein A-I, Protein Structure, Secondary, Crystallography, X-Ray
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