The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Night Eating Syndrome Is Associated with Depression, Low Self‐Esteem, Reduced Daytime Hunger, and Less Weight Loss in Obese Outpatients
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the night eating syndrome (NES), measures of depression and self‐esteem, test meal intake, and weight loss in obese participants. Research Methods and Procedures: The study included 76 overweight (body mass index = 36.7 ± 6.5 SD) outpatients (53 women and 23 men; aged 43.5 ± 9.5 years) entering a weight loss program. They completed a Night Eating Questionnaire, the Zung Depression Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale. Based on criteria by Stunkard et al. (Stunkard A, Berkowitz R, Wadden T, Tanrikut C, Reiss E, Young L. Binge eating disorder and the night eating syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996;20:1–6), participants had NES if they reported: (1) skipping breakfast ≥4 d/wk, interpreted as morning anorexia; (2) consuming more than 50% of total daily calories after 7 pm; and (3) difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep ≥4 d/wk. Eleven (14%) participants met the criteria for NES. After an 8‐hour fast, all participants ingested a nutritionally complete liquid meal through a straw from a large opaque cooler until extremely full. They also completed ratings of hunger and fullness before and after this meal. Results: Night eaters had higher depression (p = 0.04), lower self‐esteem (p = 0.003), and less hunger (p = 0.005), and a trend for more fullness (p = 0.06) before the daytime test meal than the others. However, there were no significant differences in test‐meal intake between groups. Nevertheless, test‐meal intake was greater later in the day only for the night eaters (p = 0.01). Over a 1‐month period, the night eaters lost less weight (4.4 ± 3.2 kg) than the others (7.3 ± 3.2 kg; p = 0.04), after controlling for body mass index. Discussion: NES is a syndrome with distinct psychopathology and increased food intake later in the day, both of which may contribute to poorer weight loss outcome. NES criteria need to be better quantified and NES deserves consideration as a diagnostic eating disorder.
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“Moreover, individuals with altered circadian rhythms are more susceptible to poor appetite control, and consequently, overeating [31,32].”
From Homeostatic and Circadian Control of Food Intake: Clinical Strategies to Prevent Overconsumption (2013) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Others have found that night eating impairs weight loss attempts [39] and is only associated with weight gain in already-obese individuals [13].”
From The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
Citations
Cites
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813
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Stunkard, A. J., Grace, W. J., & Wolff, H. G. (1955) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(55)90276-x · Cited by 612
Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome
Birketvedt, G. S. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.7.657 · Cited by 433
Binge-eating disorder and the night-eating syndrome
Stunkard, A. J. (1995) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(95)80090-5 · Cited by 216
Gender and Body Mass Index as Related to the Night-Eating Syndrome in Obese Outpatients
ARONOFF, N. J., GELIEBTER, A., & ZAMMIT, G. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00022-0 · Cited by 94
Self-citationHooper, M. S. H., & Garner, D. M. (1986) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(198601)5:1 · Cited by 67
Luce (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199904)25:3
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1 of the 9 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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- 10.1002/1098-108X(198601)5:1<143::AID-EAT2260050114>3.0.CO;2-T · DOI
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Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914
Stunkard, A. J., Faith, M. S., & Allison, K. C. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00608-5 · Cited by 841
Circadian misalignment and health
Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.911149 · Cited by 645
Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., O’Reardon, J. P., Martino, N. S., Sarwer, D. B., Wadden, T. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., & Stunkard, A. J. (2007) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.03.007 · Cited by 450
Obesity–depression associations in the population
Faith, M. S., Matz, P. E., & Jorge, M. A. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00308-2 · Cited by 446
Metadata
- Authors
- Gluck, M. E., Geliebter, A., & Satov, T.
- Affiliations
- St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gluck, Marci E.
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 264-267
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W1973303922
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 11.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 07559, R01DK054318, DK 54318, DK 26687, P30DK026687)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- night eating syndrome, depression, self-esteem, weight loss, obesity, slimming program, satiety, sleep disorders, eating disorders, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Hunger, Male, Obesity, Self Concept, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Weight Loss
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