Cited by 645Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

Circadian misalignment and health

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Baron, Kelly Glazer, Reid, Kathryn J.·2014·International Review of Psychiatry

Abstract

Circadian rhythms are near 24-h patterns of physiology and behaviour that are present independent of external cues including hormones, body temperature, mood, and sleep propensity. The term 'circadian misalignment' describes a variety of circumstances, such as inappropriately timed sleep and wake, misalignment of sleep/wake with feeding rhythms, or misaligned central and peripheral rhythms. The predominance of early research focused on misalignment of sleep to the biological night. However, discovery of clock genes and the presence of peripheral circadian oscillators have expanded the definitions of misalignment. Experimental studies conducted in animal models and humans have provided evidence of potential mechanisms that link misalignment to negative outcomes. These include dysregulation of feeding behaviours, changes in appetite stimulating hormones, glucose metabolism and mood. This review has two foci: (1) to describe how circadian misalignment has been defined and evaluated in laboratory and field experiments, and (2) to describe evidence linking different types of circadian misalignment to increased risk for physical (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer) and psychiatric (depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, attention deficit) disorders. This review will describe the role of circadian misalignment as a risk factor for disease in the general population and in clinical populations, including circadian rhythm sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders.

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Authors
Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
Baron, Kelly Glazer
Venue
International Review of Psychiatry
Published
2014-04
Volume
26
Issue
2
Pages
139-154
ISSN
  • 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
  • 1369-1627
OpenAlex
W2115228849
Cited by
645
References
203
Citations by year
2026: 73 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL109110)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
circadian misalignment, circadian rhythm, sleep timing, feeding rhythm, clock genes, peripheral circadian oscillators, appetite-regulating hormones, glucose metabolism, mood, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, disease risk factors
MeSH terms
Animals, Mental Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Chronobiology Disorders

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