The histone methyltransferase MMSET/WHSC1 activates TWIST1 to promote an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasive properties of prostate cancer
Open accessAbstract
Epigenetic deregulation of gene expression has a role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). The histone methyltransferase MMSET/WHSC1 (Multiple Myeloma SET domain) is overexpressed in a number of metastatic tumors, but its mechanism of action has not been defined. In this work, we found that PCa cell lines expressed significantly higher levels of MMSET compared with immortalized, non-transformed prostate cells. Knockdown experiments showed that, in metastatic PCa cell lines, dimethylation of lysine 36 and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K36me2 and H3K27me3, respectively) depended on MMSET expression, whereas depletion of MMSET in benign prostatic cells did not affect chromatin modifications. Knockdown of MMSET in DU145 and PC-3 tumor cells decreased cell proliferation, colony formation in soft agar and strikingly diminished cell migration and invasion. Conversely, overexpression of MMSET in immortalized, non-transformed RWPE-1 cells promoted cell migration and invasion, accompanied by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Among a panel of EMT-promoting genes analyzed, TWIST1 expression was strongly activated in response to MMSET. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that MMSET binds to the TWIST1 locus and leads to an increase in H3K36me2, suggesting a direct role of MMSET in the regulation of this gene. Depletion of TWIST1 in MMSET-overexpressing RWPE-1 cells blocked cell invasion and EMT, indicating that TWIST1 was a critical target of MMSET, responsible for the acquisition of an invasive phenotype. Collectively, these data suggest that MMSET has a role in PCa pathogenesis and progression through epigenetic regulation of metastasis-related genes.
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The selected siRNA dose (20 nM) is used in routine in the authors' lab and is consistent with other works from the literature working with MCF10A or RWPE1.
“This selected dose is used in routine in our lab (22) and is consistent with other works from the literature working with MCF10A (23) or RWPE1 (24).”
From Direct transfection of clonal organoids in Matrigel microbeads: a promising approach toward organoid-based genetic screens (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Ezponda, T., Popovic, R., Shah, M. Y., Martinez-Garcia, E., Zheng, Y., Min, D.-J., Will, C., Neri, A., Kelleher, N. L., Yu, J., & Licht, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Licht, J D
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2012-07-16
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2882-2890
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- PMC
- PMC3495247
- OpenAlex
- W2036388991
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 10.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F32HL099177)
- National Cancer Institute (K99/R00CA129565, R00CA129565, U54CA143869, R01CA123204, P30CA060553)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM067193)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- histone methyltransferase, TWIST1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, prostate cancer, tumor invasion, cell migration, H3K36me2, H3K27me3, histone H3 lysine methylation, epigenetic regulation, metastasis, gene expression regulation
- MeSH terms
- Cell Movement, Histones, Humans, Male, Methylation, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Nuclear Proteins, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protein Binding, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Repressor Proteins, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, RNA, Small Interfering, Epigenesis, Genetic, Cell Line, Tumor, Twist-Related Protein 1, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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