Cited by 235Inflammasome and immune disordersCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesAutoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and overactivation of Nlrp3 inflammasome as a trigger of cytokine “storm” and risk factor for damage of hematopoietic stem cells

Open access

Ratajczak, Mariusz Z., Kucia, Magda·2020·Leukemia

DOI 10.1038/s41375-020-0887-9PMC PMC7262681

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The scientific community faces an unexpected and urgent challenge related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and is investigating the role of receptors involved in entry of this virus into cells as well as pathomechanisms leading to a cytokine “storm,” which in many cases ends in severe acute respiratory syndrome, fulminant myocarditis and kidney injury. An important question is if it may also damage hematopoietic stem progenitor cells?

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41375-020-0887-9

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Fig. 1 The pathways of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection that may lead to initiation of cytokine storm and pyroptosis in cells including HSPCs. a It is possible that, by binding to ACE2 via the spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 directly activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome. This possibility is currently being investigated by our team. b Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) leads to elevated levels of angiotensin II, which, after binding to the AT1 receptor, activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome in target cells. c Finally, the N proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may activate the ComC in an MBL–MASP-2-dependent manner, and the ComC cleavage fragments (the C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins), as well as the C5b/C9 membrane attack complex (MAC), may additionally activate the Nlrp3 inflammasome in cells. (Of note, MASP-2 also activates the coagulation cascade by converting prothrombin into thrombin). Overall, activation of all three of these pathways leads to activation of caspase 1, the release of the mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines, the insertion of gasdermin D channels in the cell membrane, and the release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which amplify the innate immune response and may lead to cell death by pyroptosis.CC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

2 retracted

Retraction Note to: SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion
Wang, X., Xu, W., Hu, G., Xia, S., Sun, Z., Liu, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Jiang, S., & Lu, L. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0498-4 · Cited by 175
Retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion
Wang, X., Xu, W., Hu, G., Xia, S., Sun, Z., Liu, Z., Xie, Y., Zhang, R., Jiang, S., & Lu, L. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0424-9 · Cited by 162
Retracted
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor
Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T. S., Herrler, G., Wu, N.-H., Nitsche, A., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 · Cited by 20,286 · cited 1×
“Moreover, as reported recently, S protein must be primed by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to facilitate interaction with ACE2 and the subsequent fusion of viral and cellular membranes [4].”
Background
Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases
MAGRO, C. M. J., Mulvey, J. J., Berlin, D., Nuovo, G. J., Salvatore, S., Harp, J., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., & Laurence, J. C. (2020) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.007 · Cited by 2,224 · cited 1×
“lectin (MBL), which binds to SARS-CoV-2 proteins [12].”
Background
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19
Vaduganathan, M., Vardeny, O., Michel, T., McMurray, J. J. V., Pfeffer, M. A., & Solomon, S. D. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsr2005760 · Cited by 2,101
COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers
He, W., Chen, L., Chen, L., Yuan, G., Fang, Y., Chen, W., Wu, D., Liang, B., Lu, X., Ma, Y., et al. (2020) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-020-0836-7 · Cited by 462
Recent advances in inflammasome biology
Place, D. E., & Kanneganti, T. (2017) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2017.10.011 · Cited by 341 · cited 1×
“lung epithelial, kidney, and cardiac cells [1, 7].”
Hypercoagulation and Antithrombotic Treatment in Coronavirus 2019: A New Challenge
Violi, F., Pastori, D., Cangemi, R., Pignatelli, P., & Loffredo, L. (2020) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1710317 · Cited by 238 · cited 1×
“Importantly, activation of the ComC via the MBL–MASP-2 protease complex leads, in parallel, to activation of the coagulation cascade (CoaC), and in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, activation of coagulation correlates with a worse prognosis [13].”
Background
Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) identifies and regulates primitive hemangioblasts derived from human pluripotent stem cells
Zambidis, E. T., Park, T. S., Yu, W., Tam, A. J., Levine, M. A., Yuan, X., Pryzhkova, M. V., & Péault, B. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-144766 · Cited by 196 · cited 8×
“Moreover, since, as we already reported, HSPCs express Nlrp3 inflammasome components, it would be important to observe the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the hematopoietic stem cell compartment.”
BackgroundInfluential
The Nlrp3 inflammasome as a “rising star” in studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Ratajczak, M. Z., Bujko, K., Cymer, M., Thapa, A., Adamiak, M., Ratajczak, J., Abdel-Latif, A. K., & Kucia, M. (2020) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-020-0827-8 · Cited by 102 · cited 4×
“the Nlrp3 inflammasome in normal and malignant hematopoiesis [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation

Show all 16 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 234

Hesperetin from Root Extract of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in A549 Lung Cells via Modulation of the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 Pathway
Arjsri, P., Srisawad, K., Mapoung, S., Semmarath, W., Thippraphan, P., Umsumarng, S., Yodkeeree, S., & Dejkriengkraikul, P. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810346 · Cited by 21
“Moreover, a previous study found that the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and can induce hyperinflammation [10].”
Result
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a elicits heightened cytopathic effects despite robust ER-associated degradation
Zhang, J., Cruz‐Cosme, R., Zhang, C., Liu, D., Tang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03030-23 · Cited by 20
Lessons from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Infections: What We Know So Far
Alsafi, R. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2022/1156273 · Cited by 24
“inflammasome and endoplasmic reticulum-stress-mediated inflammation to trigger these life-threatening hypercytokinemia/hyperinflammatory syndromes [121].”
Background
Oridonin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting viral proteinase and polymerase
Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023) · Virologica Sinica · doi:10.1016/j.virs.2023.04.008 · Cited by 19
“477 IL-6 and TNF) and tissue inflammation (Ratajczak and Kucia, 2020; Shah, 2020).”
How Children Are Protected From COVID-19? A Historical, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Approach to Address COVID-19 Susceptibility
Massalska, M., & Gober, H.-J. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.646894 · Cited by 19
Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor for COVID ‐19 severity: A narrative review
Forsyth, C. B., Voigt, R. M., Swanson, G. R., Bishehsari, F., Shaikh, M. W., Zhang, L., Engen, P. A., & Keshavarzian, A. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14936 · Cited by 18
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein as a Therapeutic Target against COVID-19 and Long-Term Post-Infection Effects
Zhang, J., Hom, K., Zhang, C., Nasr, M., Gerzanich, V., Zhang, Y., Tang, Q., Xue, F., Simard, J. M., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens13010075 · Cited by 24
Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19
Loh, D., & Reiter, R. J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158122 · Cited by 17
Human Oocytes Express Both ACE2 and BSG Genes and Corresponding Proteins: Is SARS-CoV-2 Infection Possible?
Virant‐Klun, I., & Strle, F. (2021) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10101-x · Cited by 17
Holding CoVID in check through JAK? The MPN-approved compound ruxolitinib as a potential strategy to treat SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic hyperinflammation
Heidel, F. H., & Hochhaus, A. (2020) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-020-0898-6 · Cited by 16
Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes
Joshi, G., Das, A., Verma, G., & Guchhait, P. (2023) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.2794 · Cited by 21
The Nlrp3 inflammasome – the evolving story of its positive and negative effects on hematopoiesis
Ratajczak, M. Z., & Kucia, M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000658 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Listeria toxin promotes phosphorylation of the inflammasome adaptor ASC through Lyn and Syk to exacerbate pathogen expansion
Tanishita, Y., Sekiya, H., Inohara, N., Tsuchiya, K., Mitsuyama, M., Núñez, G., & Hara, H. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110414 · Cited by 15
The Impact of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) on Bone Remodeling Marker Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in Post-COVID-19 Iraqi Patients
AL-Azzawi, I. S., & Mohammed, N. S. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.29926 · Cited by 15
“Discussion Bone remodeling is a mechanism of bone turnover that destroys the old bone cells by osteoclasts and reforms new bone cells by osteoblasts [22], whereas the role of ACE-2 is related to the renin-angiotensin-”
Background
Relevance of BET Family Proteins in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Lara-Ureña, N., & García‐Domínguez, M. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11081126 · Cited by 15
“Another important determinant of the immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 is NLRP3, which is well expressed in various cell types such as lung epithelial, kidney, cardiac, endothelial, hematopoietic and innate immune cells [224].”
Background
Targeting the sAC-Dependent cAMP Pool to Prevent SARS-Cov-2 Infection
Aslam, M., & Ladilov, Y. V. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9091962 · Cited by 15
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,5-disubstituted α-amino tetrazole derivatives as non-covalent inflammasome-caspase-1 complex inhibitors with potential application against immune and inflammatory disorders
Ulgheri, F., Spanu, P., Deligia, F., Loriga, G., Fuggetta, M. P., de Haan, I., Chandgudge, A., Groves, M. R., & Dömling, A. S. S. (2021) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114002 · Cited by 14
Review of Trials Currently Testing Stem Cells for Treatment of Respiratory Diseases: Facts Known to Date and Possible Applications to COVID-19
Majolo, F., da Silva, G. L., Vieira, L., Timmers, L. F. S. M., Laufer, S., & Goettert, M. I. (2020) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10033-6 · Cited by 14
“An example for this inhibitory potential is the MCC950 molecule which could affect the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to cells and inhibit the amplification of the intracellular virus, and also the ComC inhibitors that assist in modulating the activity of the innate immune system [93].”
Background
Lung Inflammasome Activation in SARS-CoV-2 Post-Mortem Biopsies
Carstens, L. B., D’Amico, R. C., de Moura, K. F., de Castro, E. M., de Oliveira, F. C., Barbosa, G. S., da Silva, G. V. C., Brenny, I. D., D’Agostini, J. C. H., Hlatchuk, E. C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113033 · Cited by 14
Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate (eATP) and Its Metabolite, Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo), as Opposing “Yin–Yang” Regulators of Nlrp3 Inflammasome in the Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Ratajczak, M. Z., & Kucia, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.603942 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Potential mechanism of SARS‐CoV ‐2‐associated central and peripheral nervous system impairment
Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Jia, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.13657 · Cited by 13
Redox Regulation of Nucleotide-Binding and Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptors Inflammasome
Ferrara, F., Pecorelli, A., & Valacchi, G. (2023) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2022.0180 · Cited by 13
Immunobiology and nanotherapeutics of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a current update
Mba, I. E., Sharndama, H. C., Osondu-chuka, G. O., & Okeke, O. P. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1916071 · Cited by 13
Automated prediction of COVID-19 mortality outcome using clinical and laboratory data based on hierarchical feature selection and random forest classifier
Amini, N., Mahdavi, M., Choubdar, H., et al. (2022) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1080/10255842.2022.2050906 · Cited by 13
“COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of thrombosis formation (Ratajczak and Kucia 2020); Furthermore, cytokine storm and other immune factors can destroy platelets (Humbert et al. 2020) or decrease their production (Xu et al. 2020).”
Background
NLRP3 inflammasome: From drug target to drug discovery
Yin, L., Zhang, H., Shang, Y., Wu, S., & Jin, T. (2025) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104375 · Cited by 12
Nucleic Acid Sensor-Mediated PANoptosis in Viral Infection
Zhu, L., Qi, Z., Zhang, H., & Wang, N. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16060966 · Cited by 16
“NLRP12 is also an NLR family member; it is mainly expressed in immune cells, especially neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages.”
Background
Complosome as a new intracellular regulatory network in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Ratajczak, M. Z., Konopko, A., Jarczak, J., Kazek, M., Ratajczak, J., & Kucia, M. (2025) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-025-02613-7 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Same pollution sources for climate change might be hyperactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbating neuroinflammation and SARS mortality
Macías-Verde, D., Lara, P. C., & Burgos-Burgos, J. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110396 · Cited by 12
Polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles co-loaded with Ziyuglycoside I and Oseltamivir for synergistic treatment of viral pneumonia
Wang, H., Chen, L., Li, R., Lv, C., Xu, Y., & Xiong, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123412 · Cited by 11
Gasdermin D: A Potential New Auxiliary Pan-Biomarker for the Detection and Diagnosis of Diseases
Wan, N., Shi, J., Xu, J., Huang, J., Gan, D., Tang, M., Li, X., Huang, Y., & Li, P. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13111664 · Cited by 12
The Possible Role of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in the SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Pérez-Torres, I., Soto, M. E., Guarner‐Lans, V., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11131982 · Cited by 11
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1: So Different yet so Alike. Immune Response at the Cellular and Molecular Level
Demoliou, C. D., Papaneophytou, C. P., & Nicolaidou, V. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.73134 · Cited by 12
Tmem178 negatively regulates IL-1β production through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Khanna, K., Yan, H., Mehra, M., Rohatgi, N., Mbalaviele, G., Mellins, E., & Faccio, R. (2023) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.42666 · Cited by 9
COVID-19 and Rheumatoid Arthritis Crosstalk: Emerging association, therapeutic options, and challengesPreprint
Kandimalla, R. J. L., Dewanjee, S., Kalra, R. S., Valupadas, C., Vallamkondu, J., Kolli, V., Reddy, P. A., & Reddy, P. H. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/pzehv · Cited by 11
The therapeutic potential of gelsolin in attenuating cytokine storm, ARDS, and ALI in severe COVID-19
Zhi, J., Zhao, K., Liu, J., Yang, D. L., Deng, X., Xu, J., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1447403 · Cited by 10
Physiological Relevance of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 As a Metabolic Linker and Therapeutic Implication of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19 and Hypertension
Saha, S., Chakrabarti, S., Singh, P. K., Poddar, J., Satapathi, S., Saini, S. K., Kakar, S. S., & Roy, P. (2020) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10012-x · Cited by 10
“Recently, Ratajczak and Kucia [51] have documented the link between ACE2 and Nlrp3 inflammasome in initiating the cytokine storm.”
Background
Therapeutic Targeting of Innate Immune Receptors Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Farooq, M., Khan, A. W., Ahmad, B., Kim, M. S., & Choi, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.915565 · Cited by 10
Hematopoietic Adverse Events Associated with BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Erdoğdu, B. (2022) · International Journal of Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.4999/uhod.226097 · Cited by 10
SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus dysregulates hematopoiesis and induces inflammaging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Chae, D., Park, H. S., Kim, K.-M., Yu, A., Park, J. H., Oh, M., Choi, S. W., Ryu, J., Dunbar, C. E., Yoo, H. M., et al. (2025) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-025-01416-1 · Cited by 10
Targeting cytokine storm as the potential anti-viral therapy: Implications in regulating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
Maity, S., Santra, A., Hebbani, A. V., Pulakuntla, S., Chatterjee, A., Badri, K. R., & Reddy, V. D. (2023) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2023.147612 · Cited by 9
Gut microbiome dynamics and predictive value in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a comparative analysis of shallow and deep shotgun sequencing
Kopera, K., Gromowski, T., Wydmański, W., Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Muszyńska, A., Zielińska, K., Wierzbicka-Woś, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Kadaj-Lipka, R., Cembrowska-Lech, D., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342749 · Cited by 9
“…ICU, intensive care unit; MAG, metagenome-assembled genome; OGU, operational genomic unit; PCoA, principal coordinates analysis. and decreased microbial diversity, raises levels of the SARS-CoV-2 target angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which causes epithelial damage and inﬂammation…”
Background
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a induces COVID-19-associated kidney injury through HMGB1-mediated cytokine production
Zhang, C., Gerzanich, V., Cruz‐Cosme, R., Zhang, J., Tsymbalyuk, O., Tosun, Ç., Sallapalli, B. T., Liu, D., Keledjian, K. M., Papadimitriou, J. C., et al. (2024) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02308-24 · Cited by 9
Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) as an Inhibitor of Trafficking of Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Stem Cells – Clinical and Translational Implications
Ratajczak, M. Z., Adamiak, M., Ratajczak, J., & Kucia, M. (2020) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10083-w · Cited by 9
“Also important to consider, while normal physiological “mild” activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome is crucial to maintaining the trafficking of HSPCs, its hyperactivation may lead to caspase-1-mediated cell death by pyroptosis, as seen for example during a cytokine storm in COVID19infected patients or in complications…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
COVID-19 Pathology on Various Organs and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell-Based Interventions
Arjmand, B., Alavi-Moghadam, S., Roudsari, P. P., Rezaei–Tavirani, M., Rahim, F., Gilany, K., Mohamadi-Jahani, F., Adibi, H., & Larijani, B. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.675310 · Cited by 9
Angiotensin 1–7 Stimulates Proliferation of Lung Bronchoalveolar Progenitors—Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Ciechanowicz, A. K., Lay, W. X., Paulino, J. P., Suchocki, E., Leszczak, S., Leszczak, C., & Kucia, M. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132102 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Pyroptosis in the lung and spleen of patients died from COVID-19
Tong, X., Ping, H., Gong, X., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1177/1721727x221140661 · Cited by 8
Distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific NLRP3 and IL-1β responses in T cells of aging patients during acute COVID-19 infection
Mahalingam, S. S., Jayaraman, S., Arunkumar, A., Dudley, H. M., Anthony, D. D., Shive, C. L., Jacobson, J. M., & Pandiyan, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231087 · Cited by 7
Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: the Case for Placenta-derived Cell Therapy
Berishvili, E., Kaiser, L., Cohen, M., Berney, T., Scholz, H., Fløisand, Y., & Mattsson, J. (2020) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10004-x · Cited by 9
Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutics and Targets for Infection by COVID19 – Special Issue on COVID19 in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
Ratajczak, M. Z., & Kucia, M. (2021) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10116-4 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks
Mir, M. A. (2024) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613 · Cited by 7
Suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome by a small molecule targeting CK1α–β-catenin–NF-κB and CK1α–NRF2–mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways during mycobacterial infection
Guan, Q., Xiong, H., Song, X., Liu, S. H., Guang, Y., Nie, Q., Xie, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1553093 · Cited by 7
Innate Immune Responses and Pulmonary Diseases
Liu, T., Liu, S., & Zhou, X. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_4 · Cited by 8
Insight to Pyroptosis in Viral Infectious Diseases
Li, J., Chen, L., Zhou, C., Bai, Y., Zhao, R., Zhang, J., Xu, X., Ge, X., & Qiu, Y. (2021) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2021.135043 · Cited by 7
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Absolute Lymphocyte Count as Early Diagnostic Tools for Corona Virus Disease 2019
Shahid, M. F., Malik, A., Siddiqi, F. A., et al. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.22863 · Cited by 7
“This has been mainly postulated to be linked to its direct suppression of the hematopoietic stem cells [24].”
Background
Prolonged NHE Activation may be both Cause and Outcome of Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19
Cüre, M. C., & Cüre, E. (2022) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612828666220713121741 · Cited by 7
A protective erythropoietin evolutionary landscape, NLRP3 inflammasome regulation, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Papadopoulos, K., Papadopoulou, A., & Aw, T. (2022) · Human Cell · doi:10.1007/s13577-022-00819-w · Cited by 6
BPOZ-2 is a negative regulator of the NLPR3 inflammasome contributing to SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation
Li, J., Lin, H., Fan, T., Huang, L., Zhang, X., Tai, Y., Fang, Y., Li, Q., Zhao, R., Wang, P., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134511 · Cited by 8
“, 2021) and plays a central role in this excessive inflammatory response (Ratajczak and Kucia, 2020; Shah, 2020; Pan et al., 2021).”
Background
Assessment of trec and krec levels in COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity
Saitgalina, M. A., Ostankova, Y. V., Arsentieva, N. A., et al. (2023) · Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity · doi:10.15789/2220-7619-aot-16937 · Cited by 7
Pandemic Perspective: Commonalities Between COVID-19 and Cardio-Oncology
Brown, S.-A. N., Zaharova, S., Mason, P., Thompson, J., Thapa, B., Ishizawar, D. C., Wilkes, E., Ahmed, G., Rubenstein, J., Sanchez, J., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.568720 · Cited by 7
The Potential of Purinergic Signaling to Thwart Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2
Ferrari, D., Rubini, M., & Burns, J. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.904419 · Cited by 7
Synergic Viral-Bacterial Co-Infection in Catalase-Deficient COVID-19 Patients Causes Suppressed Innate Immunity and Lung Damages Due to Detrimental Elevation of Hydrogen Peroxide ConcentrationPreprint
Bayındır, M., & Bayindir, E. E. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3648292 · Cited by 7
Early Fluvoxamine Reduces the Risk for Clinical Deterioration in Symptomatic Outpatients with COVID-19: A Real-World, Retrospective, before–after Analysis
Tsiakalos, A., Ziakas, P. D., Polyzou, E., Schinas, G., & Akinosoglou, K. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11082073 · Cited by 6
“There is increasing evidence of bone marrow suppression due to SARS-CoV-2 infection of hematopoietic stem cells [58], while thymus suppression has also been proposed [59].”
Background
Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models
Zheng, H., 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室, 生., Song, T., Zheng, Y., & 中国科学院昆明动物研究所模式动物表型与遗传研究国家重大科技基础设施(灵长类设施), 国. (2024) · 动物学研究 · doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.062 · Cited by 6
Disengaging the COVID-19 Clutch as a Discerning Eye Over the Inflammatory Circuit During SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Anwar, M. M., Sah, R., Shrestha, S., Ozaki, A., Roy, N., Fathah, Z., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2022) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-022-01674-5 · Cited by 6
Clinical Features for Severely and Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Shandong: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Zhou, S., Xu, J., Sun, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Zhang, W., Yu, L., Ning, K., et al. (2021) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s280079 · Cited by 6
Regulating the microenvironment with nanomaterials: Potential strategies to ameliorate COVID-19
Liu, Z., Han, Z., Jin, X., An, J., Kim, J., Chen, W., Kim, J. S., Zheng, J., & Deng, J. (2023) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.010 · Cited by 6
The Tan-Re-Qing Capsule mitigates acute lung injury by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways
Zhang, X., Lin, J., Zuo, D., et al. (2024) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2024.149001 · Cited by 5
Blood pH and COVID‐19
Elsebai, M. F., & Habib, E. E. (2023) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.202200558 · Cited by 5
Circulating haematopoietic stem cells and long‐term outcomes of COVID ‐19
Bonora, B. M., Marassi, M., Fogar, P., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.14150 · Cited by 5
“28,29 Whatever the mechanism, it is well-established that HSPC contributes to local inflammation and immunosurveillance and to tissue homeostasis, including vascular repair.”
Background
Susceptibility to Metabolic Diseases in COVID-19: To be or Not to be an Issue
Kaviani, M., Keshtkar, S., Soleimanian, S., Sarvestani, F. S., Azarpira, N., & Pakbaz, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.803314 · Cited by 6
The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: Mechanisms, Aging, Sequelae, and Vaccines
Alarcón, M. A., & Espinoza, C. (2022) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1389557522666220304231537 · Cited by 5
Nature-Derived Hit, Lead, and Drug-Like Small Molecules: Current Status and Future Aspects Against Key Target Proteins of Coronaviruses
Junaid, M., Akter, Y., Siddika, A., Nayeem, S. M. A., Nahrin, A., Afrose, S. S., Ezaj, M. M. A., & Alam, M. S. (2021) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1389557521666210805113231 · Cited by 5
COVID-19-associated neuroinflammation and astrocyte death in the brain linked to ORF3a-induced activation of Sur1-mediated ion channels
Gerzanich, V., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Sallapalli, B. T., Pei, S., Nasr, M., Tosun, Ç., Zhang, Y., Tang, Q., Simard, J. M., et al. (2025) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02012-25 · Cited by 4
Gut distress and intervention via communications of SARS-CoV-2 with mucosal exposome
Moon, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1098774 · Cited by 4
“Although the precise correlation between DCs and SARS-CoV-2 in the mucosa has been poorly explored, SARSCoV-2 accelerates the activation of PRR-linked signaling, including NLRP3 inflammasome or occasionally leads to the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) via robust production of proinflammatory mediators, such as interle…”
Background
Adenosine A2AR in viral immune evasion and therapy: unveiling new avenues for treating COVID-19 and AIDS
Atif, M., Alsrhani, A., Naz, F., Ullah, S., Abdalla, A. E., Ullah, M. I., Mazhari, B. B. Z., Eltayeb, L. B., Hamad, İ., & Ejaz, H. (2024) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-024-09839-1 · Cited by 4
Discovery, synthesis, and biological mechanism evaluation of novel quinoline derivatives as potent NLRP3 inhibitors
Wu, R., Yan, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Luo, Y., Liang, X., Lin, J., Zeng, X., Wu, D., Sun, P., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117466 · Cited by 4
Manifestation of Pancytopenia Associated with COVID-19 as Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) and Aplastic Anemia (AA)
Aguilar, J. J., Dhillon, V., & Balasubramanian, S. K. (2024) · Hematology Reports · doi:10.3390/hematolrep16010005 · Cited by 4
“They of pro-inflammatory receptor, and it to hematopoietic stem cell death via pyroptosis [17,18].”
BackgroundInfluential
The rationale for methylene blue utility against SARS-CoV-2 infection complications
Andreu, G. L. P. (2021) · Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research · doi:10.56499/jppres21.1019_9.3.379 · Cited by 4
Infection-Simulator, Immunostimulatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Interferons I and III in Biological Systems: A New Era in Vaccinology and Therapeutics Possible?Preprint
Carp, T.-N., Metoudi, M., & Ojha, V. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0155.v6 · Cited by 4
A Potential Role for Oridonin in Cancer Control: Mechanisms of Autophagy and Apoptosis
Arefnezhad, R., Rahimi-Shatranlo, S., Rabiei, B., Zarei, H., Nazari, A., Goleij, P., Mahmoudpour, F., Khalafi, N., Hajighasemi, M., Farkhondeh, T., et al. (2024) · Current Cancer Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0115680096320596240913034833 · Cited by 3
HCX3 Mitigates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages by Suppressing the Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Wu, Q., Shi, J., Wu, L., Li, L., Ling, Y., Mao, L., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47100809 · Cited by 3
“Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a complex molecule located in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serves as a major microbial mediator in infectious diseases and has been widely used in the research of inflammatory diseases [7,8].”
Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Impairment by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: A Nexus of Pathogenesis with Significant Biochemical and Clinical Implications
Refrigeri, M., Tola, A., Mogavero, R., Pietracupa, M. M., Gionta, G., & Scatena, R. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26209885 · Cited by 3
“Evidence suggests that the Spike protein primes and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in immune cells, relying on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) production [17,18].”
Causal Biological Network Model for Inflammasome Signaling Applied for Interpreting Transcriptomic Changes in Various Inflammatory States
Yepiskoposyan, H., Peitsch, M. C., & Talikka, M. (2022) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2022/4071472 · Cited by 4
Insights on Covid‐19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus
Almutawif, Y. A., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., Eid, H. M. A., Saad, ‏. M., & Batiha, G. E. (2023) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.989 · Cited by 3
“For example, the NLRP3 inflammasome, which augments the inflammatory and immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, is highly activated leading to the propagation of cytokine storm.(96) Pan et al.”
The Clinical Aspects of COVID and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Round-Up of Where Things Stand and Are Headed
Tavares-Júnior, J. W. L., Ciurleo, G. C. V., Feitosa, E. D. A. A. F., Oriá, R. B., & Braga‐Neto, P. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231368 · Cited by 3
Erythrocytes in COVID-19: Effects on Morphology, Function, and Potential Role in Disease Pathogenesis
Swan, D., Quinn, J., Glavey, S. V., & Murphy, P. T. (2022) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v10i10.3257 · Cited by 3
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Oxidative Stress and Its Implications for Vaccination-Related Adverse EventsPreprint
Terhune, T. D., Ghafourian, T., & Deth, R. C. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0192.v1 · Cited by 3
Xuanfei Baidu Formula Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Inflammation by Repressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages
Liu, T., Xu, Y., Yan, Z., Ma, L., Sheng, H., Ding, M., Wang, J., Fang, Q., Zhao, Q., Tang, Y., et al. (2025) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.07.039 · Cited by 2
Molecular hydrogen therapy in respiratory diseases: mechanisms, evidence, and technical considerations hydrogen therapy in respiratory diseases
Chuang, Y.-T., Hung, W.-C., & Chen, T.-A. (2026) · All Life · doi:10.1080/26895293.2026.2643533 · Cited by 2
Aplastic Anemia in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic: infection, vaccination, and pathophysiologic mechanisms
Cahuapaza-Gutierrez, N. L. (2024) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-024-06052-9 · Cited by 2
“Overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome due to SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), IL-1β, IL-18, and result in cell death of HSPCs by pyroptosis, due to the creation of gasdermin D membrane pores [44].”
A20 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for COVID‐19
Wu, Y., Li, H., Li, R., Li, J., Zhao, Q., & Shao, B. (2025) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.70127 · Cited by 2
Caracterización y fisiopatología del Sars-Cov-2, Revisión de la literatura actual
Argüello, H. F., Martínez, A. H., Lobo-Moncada, D., Bohórquez, D. F. G., & Rivero, J. E. F. (2021) · Revista Médicas UIS · doi:10.18273/revmed.v34n2-2021006 · Cited by 4
A single-cell mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 induced pyroptosis and the effects of anti-inflammatory intervention
Hamis, S., & Macfarlane, F. R. (2021) · AIMS Mathematics · doi:10.3934/math.2021356 · Cited by 2
“As SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense RNA virus, it can indeed be detected by TLRs and induce NLRP3 inflammasome formation [2, 6, 7].”
Background
The hidden role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabesity-related COVID-19 exacerbations: lessons for drug repurposingPreprint
Bertocchi, I., Foglietta, F., Collotta, D., Eva, C. E., Brancaleone, V., Thiemermann, C., & Collino, M. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.159318474.49742538 · Cited by 2
SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19 ImmunopathogenesisPreprint
Boechat, A. L., Pessoa, B., Soares, C. A. S., Barroso, C. T., Vila, D. J. C., Barbosa, E. M. L., Seffair, I. D. A., de Melo, J. V. O., Becil, J. N., Rebouças, M. P., et al. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0020.v1 · Cited by 2
Vascular Inflammation in Lungs of Patients with Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Possible Role for the NLRP3 InflammasomePreprint
Paul, O., Tao, J. Q., West, E., Litzky, L. A., Feldman, M. D., Montone, K. T., Rajapakse, C. S., Bermudez, C. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-842167/v1 · Cited by 2
Hemin shows antiviral activity in vitro , possibly through suppression of viral entry mediatorsPreprint
Ünal, M. A., Bitirim, C. V., Somers, J., Summak, G. Y., Beşbinar, Ö., Kocakaya, E., Gürcan, C., Nazır, H., Aksoy, Z. B., Özkan, S. A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493187 · Cited by 2
“The NLRP3 inflammasome is thought to be a major driver of inflammation, tissue damage, and coagulopathy in COVID-19 (Freeman & Swartz, 2020; Ratajczak & Kucia, 2020; van den Berg & te Velde, 2020).”
Background
Low-Dose Interferon I and III-Based Nasal Sprays: A Good-Looking COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate?Preprint
Carp, T.-N., & Metoudi, M. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0155.v2 · Cited by 1
Low-Dose Interferon I and III-Based Nasal Sprays: A Good-Looking COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate and a Therapy of the Future?Preprint
Carp, T.-N., Metoudi, M., Brown, B., & Ojha, V. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0155.v4 · Cited by 2
COVID-19 Infection and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Likely Marriage?
Al-Midfai, Y., Bengio, M., & Aneja, P. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.72940 · Cited by 1
“Hence, with the evidence that the COVID-19 cytokine storm activates the Nlpr3 inflammasome, it would seem logical to also set in motion events that may lead to malignant processes [12].”

Authors: Ratajczak, M. Z., & Kucia, M.
Affiliations: University of Louisville (US)
Corresponding author: Ratajczak, Mariusz Z.
ORCID: Ratajczak, Mariusz Z.
Kucia, Magda
Venue: Leukemia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-06-01
Volume: 34
Issue: 7
Pages: 1726-1729
ISSN: 0887-6924 (ISSN-L)
1476-5551
DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0887-9
PMC: PMC7262681
OpenAlex: W3031438965
Semantic Scholar: 21891a793cf57a44dca049798218b329c5014a35
Cited by: 235
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 33
FWCI: 15.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: Leukemia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2R01 DK074720)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, NLRP3 inflammasome, cytokine storm, hematopoietic stem cells, COVID-19 pathogenesis, myocarditis, kidney injury, viral entry receptor
MeSH terms: Pyroptosis, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Betacoronavirus, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Furans, Gene Expression Regulation, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Factors, Indenes, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Myocarditis, Pneumonia, Viral, Risk Factors, Sulfonamides, Sulfones, T-Lymphocytes, Cytokines, Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Acute Kidney Injury, Inflammasomes, Pandemics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

SARS-CoV-2 infection and overactivation of Nlrp3 inflammasome as a trigger of cytokine “storm” and risk factor for damage of hematopoietic stem cells

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks