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The mutagenic impact of melphalan in multiple myeloma
Abstract
The introduction of whole genome and exome sequencing partnered with advanced bioinformatic pipelines has allowed the comprehensive characterization of mutational processes (i.e., mutational signatures) in individual cancer patients. Studies focusing on multiple myeloma have defined several mutational processes, including a recently identified mutational signature (called "SBS-MM1") directly caused by exposure to high-dose melphalan (i.e., autologous stem cell transplant). High-dose melphalan exposure increases both the overall and nonsynonymous mutational burden detected between diagnosis and relapse by ~10-20%. Nevertheless, most of these mutations are acquired within the heterochromatin and late-replicating regions, rarely involving key myeloma driver genes. In this review, we summarize key studies that made this discovery possible, and we discuss potential clinical implications.
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“High doses of alkylating agents similar to busulfan have been shown to cause somatic mutations with specific mutational signatures31,32.”
From Clonal selection of hematopoietic stem cells after gene therapy for sickle cell disease (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
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Triplet Therapy, Transplantation, and Maintenance until Progression in Myeloma
Richardson, P. G., Jacobus, S. J., Weller, E. A., Hassoun, H., Lonial, S., Raje, N. S., Medvedova, E., McCarthy, P. L., Libby, E. N., Voorhees, P. M., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2204925 · Cited by 487
Jain, M. D., Ziccheddu, B., Coughlin, C. A., Faramand, R., Griswold, A. J., Reid, K. M., Menges, M., Zhang, Y., Cen, L., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2021015008 · Cited by 91
Self-citationClonal selection of hematopoietic stem cells after gene therapy for sickle cell disease
Spencer Chapman, M., Cull, A. H., Ciuculescu, M. F., Esrick, E. B., Mitchell, E., Jung, H., O’Neill, L., Roberts, K., Fabre, M. A., Williams, N., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02636-6 · Cited by 67
Costa, B. A., Mouhieddine, T. H., Ortiz, R. J., & Richter, J. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104040 · Cited by 18
Temporal genomic dynamics shape clinical trajectory in multiple myeloma
Maura, F., Kaddoura, M., Poos, A. M., Baughn, L. B., Ziccheddu, B., Bärtsch, M.-A., Cirrincione, A., Maclachlan, K., Chojnacka, M., Diamond, B., et al. (2025) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02292-1 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Maura, F., Weinhold, N., Diamond, B., Kazandjian, D., Rasche, L., Morgan, G., & Landgren, O.
- Venue
- Leukemia
- Published
- 2021-05-19
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2145-2150
- ISSN
- 0887-6924
- 1476-5551
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
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- Maura, F., Weinhold, N., Diamond, B., Kazandjian, D., Rasche, L., Morgan, G., & Landgren, O. (2021). The mutagenic impact of melphalan in multiple myeloma. Leukemia. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01293-3