Time-resolved photon counting Fourier-transform micro-spectroscopy enables simultaneous Raman and fluorescence lifetime imaging
Open accessAbstract
To address the current limitations of time-gated Raman spectroscopy, specifically its narrow spectral range and low spectral resolution, and simultaneously acquire Raman and fluorescence life-time images, we have developed a Fourier-transform photon counting spectroscopy platform. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer employing a high accuracy linear motor stage was combined with photon-counting avalanche diodes and time-tagged acquisition, allowing to sort photons into a matrix of stage positions determined using their coarse arrival time with 50 ns steps of the excitation laser repetition period, and a fine arrival time of 80 ps resolution relative to the excitation pulse of 100 ps duration. The instrument achieves a time resolution of 547 ps, a wide spectral range of −1000 to 10,000 cm −1 Raman shift from the excitation at 532 nm wavelength, and a high spectral resolution of 0.05 cm −1 . For experimental validation, we used fluorescently coated silicon wafers and fluorescent plastic microspheres. Raman signal was observed during the laser excitation pulse within the time-resolution, while fluorescence signals dominate afterwards. The results confirm that the instrument can effectively separate Raman and fluorescence signals.
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- Authors
- Shang, L., Bao, X., Peng, H., Chen, F., Wang, Y., Liu, K., Liang, P., Wang, Y., Tang, X., Masia, F., Langbein, W., & Li, B.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Langbein, Wolfgang
- Li, Bei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Light: Science & Applications
- Published
- 2025-10-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 378-378
- ISSN
- 2047-7538 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12569202
- OpenAlex
- W4415643158
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Light Science & Applications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Cardiff University
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022VBA0028)
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- time-resolved photon counting, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging, time-gated Raman spectroscopy, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, high spectral resolution
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