Does relapse contribute to treatment resistance? antipsychotic response in first- vs. second-episode schizophrenia.
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Although some studies have suggested that relapse may be associated with antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia, the number and quality of studies is limited. The current analysis included patients with a diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who met the following criteria: (1) referral to the First-Episode Psychosis Program between 2003 and 2013; (2) treatment with an oral second-generation antipsychotic according to a standardized treatment algorithm; (3) positive symptom remission; (4) subsequent relapse (i.e., second episode) in association with non-adherence; and (5) reintroduction of antipsychotic treatment with the same agent used to achieve response in the first episode. The following outcomes were used as an index of antipsychotic treatment response: changes in the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) total and positive symptom scores and number of patients who achieved positive symptom remission and 20 and 50% response. A total of 130 patients were included in the analyses. Although all patients took the same antipsychotic in both episodes, there were significant episode-by-time interactions for all outcomes of antipsychotic treatment response over 1 year in favor of the first episode compared to the second episode (50% response rate: 48.7 vs. 10.4% at week 7; 88.2 vs. 27.8% at week 27, respectively). Although antipsychotic doses in the second episode were significantly higher than those in the first episode, results remained unchanged after adjusting for antipsychotic dose. The present findings suggest that antipsychotic treatment response is reduced or delayed in the face of relapse following effective treatment of the first episode of schizophrenia.
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For patients with early-phase illness, second episodes of psychosis in the same individual respond less well to the same treatment than the first episode.
“For patients with early-phase illness, an additional consequence is that prospective studies 7 report that second episodes of psychosis in the same individual respond less well to the same treatment than the first episode.”
From Effect of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics vs Usual Care on Time to First Hospitalization in Early-Phase Schizophrenia (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The Abstract reports that the same patients received the same antipsychotic in both episodes and responded less well in the second. However, the Patients section says the data were collected during routine clinical care and analyzed retrospectively, so describing this paper as a prospective study is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRelapses may lead to reduced response to previously effective antipsychotics, potentially contributing to treatment resistance.
“Relapses may also lead to reduced response to previously effective antipsychotics, potentially contributing to treatment resistance [10–12].”
From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
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The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Takeuchi, H., Siu, C., Remington, G., Fervaha, G., Zipursky, R. B., Foussias, G., & Agid, O.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Agid, Ofer
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2018-11-22
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1036-1042
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC6462044
- OpenAlex
- W2901006613
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 12.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche
- Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology
- Sunovion
- Neurocrine Biosciences
- Mylan
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Astellas Pharma
- Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, relapse, treatment resistance, antipsychotic treatment response, first-episode psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, atypical antipsychotics, medication adherence, antipsychotic dosing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Psychotic Disorders, Recurrence, Remission Induction, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Disease Progression, Young Adult
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