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Cited by 87Vitamin D Research StudiesVitamin K Research StudiesBirth, Development, and Health

Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Health-Related Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

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Chien, Mei-Chun, Huang, Chueh-Yi, Wang, Jie-Huei, Shih, Chia-Lung, Wu, Pensee·2024·Nutrition & Diabetes
DOI 10.1038/s41387-024-00296-0PMC PMC11139885
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Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: To summarize systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of vitamin D deficiency and of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes. Methods: Prior to conducting this umbrella review, we registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022368003). We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on vitamin D in pregnancy, from database inception to October 2, 2023. All outcomes related to vitamin D in pregnancy obtained from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses were extracted. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently chose studies and collected information on health outcomes. The quality of the included articles’ methodology was assessed using AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews–2). Results: We identified 16 eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which included 250,569 women. Our results demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, small-for gestational age/low birth weight infants, recurrent miscarriage, bacterial vaginosis and gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy increases birth weight, and reduces the risk of maternal pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, and vitamin D deficiency, fetal or neonatal mortality, as well as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder in childhood. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy can reduce the risk of maternal hyperbilirubinemia, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fetal distress, and neonatal hospitalization. Conclusion: Due to the association with adverse maternal and offspring health outcomes, we recommend the vitamin D status in pregnancy should be monitored, particularly in women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. It is suggested that pregnant women take a dose of >400 IU/day of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to prevent certain adverse outcomes.

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  • Low vitamin D levels in pregnant women, especially those who are obese, have been associated with disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism, which may contribute to higher risks of diabetes and obesity later in life for their offspring.

    “Low vitamin D levels in pregnant women, especially those who are obese, have been associated with disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism, which may contribute to higher risks of diabetes and obesity later in life for their offspring.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [141]

    In Results, the observational-studies section reports lower maternal vitamin D levels among children with type 1 diabetes, and the section on women with gestational diabetes reports changes in maternal glucose and lipid measures after vitamin D supplementation. The paper does not establish that these associations are especially pronounced in obese pregnant women, or that disrupted maternal metabolism contributes to offspring obesity later in life. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes not only at birth but also for long-term health of both mothers and their children.

    “It is now widely recognized that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes not only at birth but also for long-term health of both mothers and their children.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [141]

    The Discussion’s Principal findings link vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy to adverse maternal and offspring outcomes, including pregnancy and birth outcomes. The Results section also reports associations with childhood developmental outcomes. However, the maternal outcomes reported concern pregnancy; the paper does not establish long-term health effects for mothers. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Chien, M.-C., Huang, C.-Y., Wang, J.-H., Shih, C.-L., & Wu, P.
Affiliations
  • Chia-Yi Christian Hospital (TW)
  • National Chung Cheng University (TW)
Corresponding author
  • Wang, Jie-Huei
  • Shih, Chia-Lung
ORCID
Shih, Chia-Lung
Venue
Nutrition & Diabetes
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-05-30
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
35-35
ISSN
2044-4052 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41387-024-00296-0
PMC
PMC11139885
OpenAlex
W4399156202
Cited by
87
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 38 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 8
FWCI
6.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrition and Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin K Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, pregnancy, maternal outcomes, offspring outcomes, preterm birth, low birth weight, recurrent pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, bacterial vaginosis, fetal death, neonatal mortality, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, hyperbilirubinemia, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, fetal distress
MeSH terms
Systematic Reviews as Topic, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Premature Birth

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