The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Artificial intelligence in oncology: current applications and future perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is concretely reshaping the landscape and horizons of oncology, opening new important opportunities for improving the management of cancer patients. Analysing the AI-based devices that have already obtained the official approval by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), here we show that cancer diagnostics is the oncology-related area in which AI is already entered with the largest impact into clinical practice. Furthermore, breast, lung and prostate cancers represent the specific cancer types that now are experiencing more advantages from AI-based devices. The future perspectives of AI in oncology are discussed: the creation of multidisciplinary platforms, the comprehension of the importance of all neoplasms, including rare tumours and the continuous support for guaranteeing its growth represent in this time the most important challenges for finalising the 'AI-revolution' in oncology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures

Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For example, Luchini and colleagues (194) summarized 71 FDA-cleared devices in oncology (up to 2021) and found that radiology accounted for the majority of approved devices (54.9%), followed by pathology (19.7%).”
From Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: Current Landscape, Challenges, and Future Directions (2024) · cites this paper as [194]
In the citing paper
“The same study also found that breast cancer was the most commonly cited cancer type (31%), most commonly associated with radiology, providing further evidence of the advancing maturity of AI in mammography.”
From Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: Current Landscape, Challenges, and Future Directions (2024) · cites this paper as [194]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Richards, S., Aziz, N., Bale, S., Bick, D., Das, S., Gastier-Foster, J., Grody, W. W., Hegde, M., Lyon, E., Spector, E., et al. (2015) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2015.30 · Cited by 32,594
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136 · Cited by 10,349
Benjamens, S., Dhunnoo, P., & Meskó, B. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00324-0 · Cited by 1,215
History of artificial intelligence in medicine
Kaul, V., Enslin, S., & Gross, S. A. (2020) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.040 · Cited by 1,184
Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Research and Precision Medicine
Bhinder, B., Gilvary, C., Madhukar, N. S., & Elemento, O. (2021) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0090 · Cited by 781
Muehlematter, U. J., Daniore, P., & Vokinger, K. N. (2021) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30292-2 · Cited by 665
Wu, E., Wu, K., Daneshjou, R., Ouyang, D., Ho, D. E., & Zou, J. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01312-x · Cited by 494
Artificial intelligence in radiation oncology
Huynh, E., Hosny, A., Guthier, C. V., Bitterman, D. S., Petit, S., Haas-Kogan, D. A., Kann, B. H., Aerts, H. J. W. L., & Mak, R. H. (2020) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0417-8 · Cited by 454
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–281 of 281
Thor, M., Williams, V. M., Hajj, C., Cerviño, L., Veeraraghavan, H., Elguindi, S., Tyagi, N., Shukla‐Dave, A., & Moran, J. M. (2025) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2024.10.003 · Cited by 1
AI-Enabled Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: Integrating Technology and Medicine
Bandlamudi, R. R., Reddy, G. S., Pittala, R. B., Manohar, B. S., Rao, P. G. P., & Sowmya, R. (2025) · International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT) · doi:10.1109/conit65521.2025.11167862 · Cited by 1
Tran, W. T. (2022) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol29080449
Machine Learning on Microbiome Research in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Cheung, H., & Lin, Y. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4492-5_13 · Cited by 1
Odabashian, R., Bastin, D. J., Manzoor, M., Tangestaniapour, S., Assad, M., Lakhani, S., Jones, G., Odabashian, M., & McGee, S. F. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.50442
Artificial intelligence using multiomics/genetic tools and application in liver disease
Rawat, A., Rajan, Malhi, H. K., & Chaudhary, K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99136-0.00015-5
Understanding The Evolution Of Machine Learning Algorithms
Negi, A., & Bhavsar, H. (2023) · Soft Computing Research Society eBooks · doi:10.56155/978-81-955020-2-8-22
Delshad, M., Omrani, M. A., Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi, A., & Bashash, D. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer · doi:10.61186/ijbc.15.3.13
Chu, Y.-W., & Chang, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1336399
Zhang, R. (2023) · Oncology Advances · doi:10.14218/ona.2023.00024
Special Issue on eHealth Innovative Approaches and Applications
Silvestri, S., & Gargiulo, F. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14062571
Cegła, P., Currie, G. M., Cholewiński, W., Bryl, M., Trojanowski, M., Matuszewski, K., Piotrowski, T., & Czepczyński, R. (2024) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2024.04.004
ATEITIES SKAITMENINĖS SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS TECHNOLOGIJOS: SISTEMINĖ LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA
Janušonis, V. (2024) · Health Sciences · doi:10.35988/sm-hs.2024.145
Opportunity to Use Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Pop-Jordanova, N. D. (2024) · PRILOZI · doi:10.2478/prilozi-2024-0009
Perspectivas a futuro en la terapia contra el cáncer
Avendaño-Félix, M. M., & Lizárraga-Verdugo, E. R. (2024) · REVMEDUAS · doi:10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v14.n1.001
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care from Oncology to Perioperative Care
Wani, S. Q., Khan, T., Wani, S. Y., & Farhat, D. (2024) · Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research · doi:10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_7_24
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Oncology in the UAE
Shaikh, K., & Bekal, S. V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6794-0_18 · Cited by 1
Artificial Intelligence for General Administration
(2024) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4074-5.ch014
de Ica, U. A., Mendoza, Y. S. F., Vásquez, A. F. M., de Ica, U. A., Donayre, F. L. M., de Ica, U. A., Lovera, M. C. M., de Ica, U. A., Meneses, J. L. R., de Ica, U. A., et al. (2024) · doi:10.59899/ges-cono-69-c4
Künstliche Intelligenz in der onkologischen Hybridbildgebung
Feuerecker, B., Heimer, M. M., Geyer, T., Fabritius, M. P., Gu, S., Schachtner, B. M., Beyer, L., Ricke, J., Gatidis, S., Ingrisch, M., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Nuklearmedizin · doi:10.1055/a-2140-7831
Modern radiodiagnosis redefining diagnostic accuracy in healthcare: A narrative review
Kale, P. P., Seth, N., Sharma, S., Verma, S., & Varshney, D. K. (2024) · International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging · doi:10.18231/j.ijmi.2024.031
The landscape of radiomics in clinical oncology research
Guo, Y., Li, T., Wang, S., Ren, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, L., & Zheng, C. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Imaging · doi:10.1007/s40336-024-00676-7
Aires, I., Parada, B., Ferreira, R. M., & Oliveira, P. A. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2025.2465373
A Comparative Analysis of Startups Applying AI in Clinical Oncology
Meça, A., & Ali, M. (2024) · International Conference on Computing, Networking, Telecommunications & Engineering Sciences Applications (CoNTESA) · doi:10.1109/contesa64738.2024.10891291
Outreach for Unmet Needs in Cancer Care
Meldrum, H. M., Christensen, D., & Driscoll, R. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5400-1.ch002
Wu, H., Maimaiti, A., Huang, J., Xue, J., Fu, Q., Wang, Z., Muertizha, M., Yang, L., Li, D., Zhou, Q., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110058
Personalized Breast Cancer Therapy Optimization Using Deep Q-Learning and TCGA DataPreprint
Čeperković, B. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6665743/v1
Alaca, E. C., Aranguiz, C., Bracchiglione, J., & Bonfill, X. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.25327520
Transfer Learning for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive ReviewPreprint
Song, J. W. (2025) · doi:10.58445/rars.2587
The Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Screening: The INCISIVE Project
Zacharias, L., Nabhani‐Gebara, S., Chouvarda, I., & Lončar-Turukalo, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87158-0_8
Current Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
Нуднов, Н. В., & Паньшин, Г. А. (2025) · Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine · doi:10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-6-325-334
Lee, Y., Wang, Y., Ansah, O. O., Park, J. I., Affronti, M. L., & Cary, M. P. (2025) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/25.cjon.345-351 · Cited by 1
Chipiti, T., Kakou, M., Mokhetho, K. C., & Dlamini, Z. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45495-0.00002-4
Peixoto, M. J. D., Medeiros, R. D. O., Vilela, M. M., PETRONIO, F. G. D. S., Shimura, N., Lavoratto, J., Pereira, V. T. R., GIMENES, M. Z., Marques, L. M., Rodrigues, L. G., et al. (2025) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv22n11-088
Dachawar, M., Tong, V., Utrankar, J., & Poornaprakash, S. (2025) · International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS) · doi:10.1109/icscds65426.2025.11167501
A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence in Oncology
Patil, K. R., & Dash, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-94302-7_46
Nayak, P., Parashar, J., Shukla, A., Shukla, Y., Ameet, & Kushwah, V. S. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-7753-5_11
Sriram, T., & Jenifer, B. (2025) · Fertility Science and Research · doi:10.25259/fsr_48_2025
赵, 熙. (2025) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2025.15123530
Artificial Intelligence in Detecting and Diagnosing Microbiome-Driven Cancer
Kumar, A., Rai, A., Shukla, S., Dhiman, C., & Narayan, K. P. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3146-1.ch012
Sağlık Sektöründe Dijital Dönüşüm ve Veri Analitiği Uygulamaları
İmak, A., Ünlükal, C., & Göçmen, E. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1072.c4240
Artificial intelligence in oncology: A physician’s perspective
Kong, F. (2025) · Intelligent Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.intonc.2025.12.004
Deep Learning Methods for Thyroid Imaging Segmentation: a Systematic Review
Li, Y., Wang, Z., Yuan, Y., Guan, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · International Conference on Dependable Systems and Their Applications (DSA) · doi:10.1109/dsa66321.2025.00055
Artificial intelligence in gynecologic oncology: current status and development prospects
Kalkina, G. N., Чуруксаева, О. Н., & Коломиец, Л. А. (2026) · Tumors of female reproductive system · doi:10.17650/1994-4098-2025-21-4-136-145
Integrating Bioinformatics into Oncology: A New Era of Precision Cancer Care, a Narrative Review
Irfan, S., Ali, R. N., Ahmed, N., Nadeem, A., & Hassan, B. (2026) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12830-0_17
Future Directions in Multidisciplinary Musculoskeletal Oncology
Damron, T. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09498-8_45
A machine learning assay to predict disease recurrence in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Bielo, L. B., Trapani, D., Razavi, P., Chandarlapaty, S., Zhan, Y., & Curigliano, G. (2026) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2026.106064
Naghibzadeh, K., & Beheshti, I. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22305-1.00010-2
Ghayda, R. A., Kalout, K., Eter, J., Abdelnour, M., Ghadieh, H. E., Azar, S. T., & Harb, F. (2026) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies14030184
Evolving and novel applications of artificial intelligence in interventional oncology
Almashni, S. Y., Fayek, F. B., Javens, D. C., Boulis, M. T., & Makary, M. S. (2026) · World Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.5306/wjco.v17.i3.113226
Subbulakshmi, M. M., Jayaraman, M., & Jeyaraman, J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44121-9.00011-1
Exploring AI-enabled drug discovery and repurposing approaches for gastrointestinal tract cancer
Anbarasu, S., Panickar, A., Kacha, S., Vijayakumar, S., Pearl, S., George, E., Ramaiah, S., & Anbarasu, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44121-9.00002-0
Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Current Trends and Challenges
Siang, L. J., & Veerasamy, R. (2026) · Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.35516/jjps.v19i1.3093
The AI revolution in personalized medicine: Clinical applications and challenges
Uludağ, A., & Aytekin, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations · doi:10.29333/jcei/18276
Cancer Detection in Full Field Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Mandache, D. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a8e12287zf665z4a1fz822fze7174f880867
Leszczyńska, K. M., Krzysztofik, A., Kańska, K. T., Hak, K. J., Jasiński, J. L., Mitan, A. M., Krawczyk, K., Wieczorek, M. T., Napierała, W., & Tomaszewska, A. M. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.5187 · Cited by 1
AI in designing novel cancer treatments
Kumar, P., Umar, M., Naeem, A., & Khan, E. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45004-4.00011-6
Artificial intelligence for oncology sepsis risk and mortality prediction
Rashid, A., Hafez, W., Zaki, S., & Hashmi, S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45004-4.00016-5
Artificial intelligence in oncology: An introduction
Khan, N. A., Mahajan, A. A., Tendulkar, D., Das, N. R., Mondal, S., Dey, A., Ghosh, S., & Rashid, G. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45004-4.00008-6
Artificial intelligence for personalized oncology: Tailoring treatments to individual patients
Kumar, V., Akhter, N., Krishnia, L., & Kashyap, M. K. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45004-4.00009-8
Samanta, S., Bano, I., Gudladona, A., Jain, A., & Kotnis, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45004-4.00010-4
Development of a machine learning predictive model for early detection of breast cancer
Rahman, R., Saha, D., Dkhar, W., Malli, S., & Abraham, N. B. (2026) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.161073.5
Brown, S.-A., BagheriMohamadiPour, M., Sparapani, R., Osinski, K., Zhang, J., Echefu, G. C., Stowe, I. T., Hamid, A., & Kothari, A. A. (2026) · American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2026.100799 · Cited by 3
Iyiade, A. V., Onuiri, E. E., & Durodola, O. F. (2026) · Cureus Journal of Computer Science. · doi:10.7759/s44389-026-00092-0
Strengthening healthcare systems through exposomics
Naidoo, P., Mkhize‐Kwitshana, Z. L., Mvubu, N. E., Molatlhegi, R. P., Irshad, S., & Dlamini, Z. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44322-0.00012-4
Hopson, S., Ebbert, J. L., Urie, P. M., & Corte, D. D. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1155/ijcp/9940137 · Cited by 5
Hoz-M, J. D. L., Escobar, K. M., Salas-Macías, C. A., Fors, M. M., & Ballaz, S. (2026) · Array · doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.101020
Development of a machine learning predictive model for early detection of breast cancer
Rahman, R., Saha, D., Dkhar, W., Malli, S., & Abraham, N. B. (2026) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.161073.6
Lu, G., Wang, Y., Li, C. L., & Wu, C. (2026) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-026-02506-w
Yan, M., Wang, Z., Ning, L., Xuan, J., Zhang, Z., Li, H., Wang, Y., Li, M., Niu, G., Bermejo, I. H., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.06.3083
Lee, E., Singh, V. K., Sarker, M. M. K., Vydyula, K. S., & Brattain, L. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19175-5_13
Ozgul, S., Akpinar, Z. F., Suki, D., Li, P., Majeed, Z., Acikgoz, Y., Ferguson, S. D., Jonasch, E., Hasanov, E., & Hasanov, E. (2026) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2026.108300
The Rise of Generalist Foundation Models and Quantum Computing in Oncology
Kakar, M. (2026) · Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment · doi:10.1177/15330338261476208
Lu, C., Wang, X., Zhang, T., Liang, X., Han, L., Braga, M., Sitges, C., Aghdam, Z., Gao, Y., Portaluri, A., et al. (2026) · Radiology Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1148/ryai.250941
Alqahtani, F., Shah, S., Barkat, M. A., Misra, C., Barkat, H. A., Hani, U., Hamood, N. A., Ansari, M. A., Saraswat, K., & Raza, K. (2026) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2026.108954
Liu, W., Zhang, D., Dang, C., Lu, Y., & Song, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1944198
Penedo, F. J., Fleszar‐Pavlović, S. E., Natori, A., Wang, A., Stathias, V., Bonnell, J. T., Esquives, B. S. N., Crane, T. E., MacIntyre, J., Calfa, C. J., et al. (2026) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibag063
Komin, Z. J., Kabat, E. Z., Kozłowska, M. J., Konopka, K., Majchrzak, M. K., Kołodziej, F. M., Kwiatkowska, A., Juskowiak, J., Lis, M., & Liasota, M. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.4(52).2026.6372
Temneanu, M., Toda-Puiulet, E.-C., Teodorescu, B., Tibil, O., & Diosan, L. S. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-39379-1_8
Nagrami, F. U. H., Shukla, P., Yadav, R., & Prakash, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1885312
Nanorobotics in Precision Oncology
Jahwari, S. A. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1483-7.ch005
Metadata
- Authors
- Luchini, C., Pea, A., & Scarpa, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Luchini, Claudio
- Scarpa, Aldo
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2021-11-26
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-9
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- PMC
- PMC8727615
- OpenAlex
- W3215393627
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 28
- FWCI
- 12.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (12182)
- Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona (203885/2017)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in oncology, AI-based medical devices, cancer diagnosis, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, rare tumor, clinical implementation of AI
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Forecasting, Humans, Medical Oncology, Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review