Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Research and Precision Medicine
Open accessAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping cancer research and personalized clinical care. Availability of high-dimensionality datasets coupled with advances in high-performance computing, as well as innovative deep learning architectures, has led to an explosion of AI use in various aspects of oncology research. These applications range from detection and classification of cancer, to molecular characterization of tumors and their microenvironment, to drug discovery and repurposing, to predicting treatment outcomes for patients. As these advances start penetrating the clinic, we foresee a shifting paradigm in cancer care becoming strongly driven by AI. SIGNIFICANCE: AI has the potential to dramatically affect nearly all aspects of oncology-from enhancing diagnosis to personalizing treatment and discovering novel anticancer drugs. Here, we review the recent enormous progress in the application of AI to oncology, highlight limitations and pitfalls, and chart a path for adoption of AI in the cancer clinic.
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Liquid biopsies allow comprehensive cancer profile evaluation non-invasively and in real-time.
“Liquid biopsies allow a comprehensive cancer profile to be evaluated in a non-invasive and real-time manner and help discover more data for cancer research, including CTCs, cfDNA, exosomes, etc.”
From Artificial intelligence in pancreatic cancer (2022) · cites this paper as [171]
In “On the Road to Early Cancer Detection” (page not provided), the paper describes liquid biopsies as minimally invasive blood tests that can, in theory, aid early detection and monitoring over time. It does not say they provide a comprehensive cancer profile in real time; the passage discusses ctDNA and cfDNA, not the sentence’s examples of CTCs and exosomes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAI can analyze biomarkers from liquid biopsies for association with diseases.
“The biomarkers in these data can be analyzed using AI for their association with diseases.”
From Artificial intelligence in pancreatic cancer (2022) · cites this paper as [171]
Modern clinical oncology faces data complexity that exceeds human analytical capacity.
“Modern clinical oncology faces an unprecedented data complexity that exceeds human analytical capacity”
From Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Oncology: From Productivity Enhancement to Creative Discovery (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Bhinder, B., Gilvary, C., Madhukar, N. S., & Elemento, O.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- 3OneThree Biotech, New York, New York.
- Corresponding author
- Elemento, Olivier
- Venue
- Cancer Discovery
- Published
- 2021-04-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 900-915
- ISSN
- 2159-8274 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-8290
- PMC
- PMC8034385
- OpenAlex
- W3146345129
- Cited by
- 781
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 274 · 2024: 182 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Cancer Discovery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (UL1TR002384, R01CA194547)
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Specialized Center of Research (180078-02, 7021-20)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, cancer research, precision medicine, tumor molecular profiling, tumor microenvironment, anticancer drug discovery, drug repurposing, treatment outcome prediction, clinical adoption of AI
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Medical Oncology, Neoplasms, Research, Precision Medicine
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