The DOI matches its Crossref record; 135 of the 136 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases
Open accessAbstract
Vaccinology is shifting toward synthetic RNA platforms which allow for rapid, scalable, and cell-free manufacturing of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The simple development pipeline is based on in vitro transcription of antigen-encoding sequences or immunotherapies as synthetic RNA transcripts, which are then formulated for delivery. This approach may enable a quicker response to emerging disease outbreaks, as is evident from the swift pursuit of RNA vaccine candidates for the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Both conventional and self-amplifying RNAs have shown protective immunization in preclinical studies against multiple infectious diseases including influenza, RSV, Rabies, Ebola, and HIV-1. Self-amplifying RNAs have shown enhanced antigen expression at lower doses compared to conventional mRNA, suggesting this technology may improve immunization. This review will explore how self-amplifying RNAs are emerging as important vaccine candidates for infectious diseases, the advantages of synthetic manufacturing approaches, and their potential for preventing and treating chronic infections.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“saRNAs use an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from an alphavirus and the corresponding conserved sequence elements at the 5′ and 3′ ends for replication, leading to robust and durable expression of encoded protein cargo5–7.”
From Complete substitution with modified nucleotides in self-amplifying RNA suppresses the interferon response and increases potency (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Similar to other mRNA vaccine platforms, saRNA facilitates rapid candidate design and development, as well as cell-free molecule synthesis.152”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [152]
In the citing paper
“The virus-derived polymerase amplifies mRNA transcripts intracellularly, enabling the expression of large amounts of antigen with reduced mRNA doses9.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W., & Weissman, D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243 · Cited by 4,667
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022483 · Cited by 3,237
Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Welsh, F. A., Ludwig, J., Kato, H., Akira, S., & Weissman, D. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.200 · Cited by 1,930
Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial
Haynes, B. F., Gilbert, P. B., McElrath, M. J., Zolla‐Pazner, S., Tomaras, G. D., Alam, S. M., Evans, D. T., Montefiori, D. C., Karnasuta, C., Sutthent, R., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1113425 · Cited by 1,810
Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines
Reed, S. G., Orr, M. T., & Fox, C. B. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3409 · Cited by 1,478
Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery
Kowalski, P. S., Rudra, A., Miao, L., & Anderson, D. G. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.012 · Cited by 1,127
DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?
Kutzler, M. A., & Weiner, D. B. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2432 · Cited by 1,077
Reversible methylation of m6Am in the 5′ cap controls mRNA stability
Mauer, J., Luo, X., Blanjoie, A., Jiao, X., Grozhik, A. V., Patil, D. P., Linder, B., Pickering, B. F., Vasseur, J., Chen, Q., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21022 · Cited by 1,072
Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates
Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K. E., Francica, J. R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A. P., Flach, B., O’Connell, S., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2024671 · Cited by 1,066
2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members
Daffis, S., Szretter, K. J., Schriewer, J. M., Li, J., Youn, S., Errett, J. S., Lin, T., Schneller, S. W., Züst, R., Dong, H., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09489 · Cited by 910
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Perri S, Greer CE, Thudium K, Doe B, Legg H, Liu H, et al. An alphavirus replicon particle chimera derived from venezuelan equine encephalitis and sindbis viruses is a potent gene-based vaccine delivery vector. J Virol. 2003;77:10394–403. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 488
Emerging lipid nanoparticle systems capable of efficient intramuscular RNA delivery
Raza, A., Zhang, R., Lu, R., Wen, J., & Wu, W. (2025) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.1080/17435889.2025.2555507 · Cited by 7
Modern vaccine strategies for emerging zoonotic viruses
Ahmed, A., Safdar, M., Sardar, S., Yousaf, S., Farooq, F., Raza, A., Shahid, M., Malik, K. A., & Afzal, S. (2022) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2022.2148660 · Cited by 6
Cell-Free Production Systems in Droplet Microfluidics
Sieskind, R., Cortajarena, A. L., & Manteca, A. (2023) · Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology · doi:10.1007/10_2023_224 · Cited by 5
Perspective vaccines for emerging viral diseases in farm animals
Allam, A. M., Elbayoumy, M. K., & Ghazy, A. A. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research · doi:10.7774/cevr.2023.12.3.179 · Cited by 6
Vaccinomics: Paving the Way for Personalized Immunization
AL-Eitan, L. N., ElMotasem, M. F. M., Khair, I. Y., & Alahmad, S. Z. (2023) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128280417231204085137 · Cited by 5
Kreofsky, N. W., Roy, P., & Reineke, T. M. (2024) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00326 · Cited by 5
International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for novel vaccine substances: A matter of safety
Robertson, J. S., Loizides‐Mangold, U., Adisa, A., Manjavacas, A. L. D. L. R., Rodilla, V., Strnadova, C., Weißer, K., & Balocco, R. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.054 · Cited by 5
Recent Advances in mRNA Vaccine DevelopmentPreprint
Aga, A. M., Kelel, M., & Gemeda, M. T. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0245.v1 · Cited by 5
Kim, B., Hosn, R. R., Remba, T. K., Dye, J., Mak, H. H., Jeong, J. Y., Cornwall-Brady, M. R., Abraham, W. D., Maiorino, L., Melo, M. B., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.09.642244 · Cited by 5
Tan, T., Diao, Y., Yu, X., Chen, L., & Fang, H. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.12.044 · Cited by 8
Single-dose replicon RNA Sudan virus vaccine uniformly protects female guinea pigs from disease
O’Donnell, K. L., Anhalt, H., Saturday, G. A., Warner, N. L., Hinkley, T. C., Stone, E. T., Hatzakis, K., Khandhar, A. P., Banadyga, L., Erasmus, J. H., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59560-1 · Cited by 4
Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
Pazoki, A., Dadfar, S., Alirezaee, A., Oksenych, V., & Haghmorad, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1617352 · Cited by 4
Yousefpour, P., Ghosh, A. R., Chawla, H., Yeung, R., Gregory, J. R., Si, K., Remba, T. K., Rodrigues, K. A., Melo, M. B., Dye, J., et al. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.07.036 · Cited by 4
RNA vaccines for cancer: revolutionizing immunization strategies
Huang, D., Zhang, J., Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., & Song, E. (2025) · Trends in cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2025.09.003 · Cited by 4
Feng, Z., Chu, L., Li, Q., Zhou, J., Wu, P., Zhang, X., Pan, Y., Zou, J., Chen, Q., Xu, Z., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68364-w · Cited by 4
Delivery science: Its increasing importance for the next generation of medicines
Ashford, M. B., & Bak, A. (2026) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.114663 · Cited by 5
Targeted cytosolic delivery of mRNA immunotherapeutics: From vaccine delivery to protein replacement
Chelan, E. M., Parhizkar, A., Nemati, M., Kiani, J., Almassian, B., Ghasemi, H., Zarebkohan, A., & Pourseif, M. M. (2026) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119181 · Cited by 4
Recent Advances Using Genetic Therapies Against Infectious Diseases and for Vaccination
Galy, A. H. M., Berkhout, B., Breckpot, K., Pichon, C., Bloom, K. M., Kiem, H., Mühlebach, M. D., & McCune, J. M. (2023) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2023.123 · Cited by 4
Self-citationKachko, A. V., Selvaraj, P., Liu, S., Kim, J., Rotstein, D. S., Stauft, C. B., Chabot, S., Rajasagi, N. K., Zhao, Y., Wang, T. T., et al. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.052 · Cited by 4
Delivery of Rna Drugs: Beyond the Liver, More than Vaccine
Elnaggar, M. G., He, Y., & Yeo, Y. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114203 · Cited by 4
Introduction to RNA Vaccines Post COVID-19
Kramps, T. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3770-8_1 · Cited by 4
Nanostrategies to Develop Current Antiviral Vaccines
Rodrigues, G. R., Sousa, M. G. D. C., da Silva, D. C., Rezende, T. M. B., Morais, P. C., & Franco, O. L. (2021) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c01284 · Cited by 4
Stai, S., Λιούλιος, Γ., Christodoulou, M., Kasimatis, E., Fylaktou, A., & Stangou, M. J. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12091358 · Cited by 4
Hospital-Based RNA Therapeutics
Damase, T. R., Sukhovershin, R. A., Zhang, M., Kiss, D., & Cooke, J. P. (2022) · RNA technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08415-7_4 · Cited by 4
Guterres, A., Filho, P. N. S., & Moura‐Neto, V. (2024) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines12010061 · Cited by 4
Virus Eradication and Synthetic Biology: Changes with SARS-CoV-2?
Tournier, J., & Kononchik, J. P. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13040569 · Cited by 6
Sun, Z. F., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Ge, T., Pan, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, M., Shan, T., Zhu, G., Wu, Q., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.30.644708 · Cited by 4
mRNA Vaccine Development in the Fight Against Zoonotic Viral Diseases
Tan, B. E. K., Tham, S. K., & Poh, C. L. (2025) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v17070960 · Cited by 4
Comprehensive review on COVID-19: etiology, pathogenicity, and treatment
Zawily, A. E., Eckert, S., Adajar, R. C., Wagih, N., Elmaidomy, A. H., Helmy, A. M., Mustafa, M., Elshorbagi, M., Ghali, E., Fadl, R. G., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1569013 · Cited by 4
Styles, T. M., Akhtar, A., Gu, C., Neumann, G., Muramatsu, H., McPartlan, J. S., Talukder, P., Gratz, D., Stokdyk, K., Turner, H. L., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102369 · Cited by 3
Development of mRNA Cancer Vaccines: Delivery Strategies and Immunogenicity Optimization
Ali, A. (2025) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-025-00127-y · Cited by 4
Singh, N. S. S., Gataa, I. S., Saleh, L. H., Ganesan, S., Kavitha, V., Maharana, L., Sharma, R., Latipova, M., Madatova, N., Jumanazarov, D., et al. (2025) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-025-04596-6 · Cited by 4
Hu, M., Li, Y., Cai, Y., He, X., Fan, J., Wang, J., Mu, Y., Shen, Y., Chen, J., Zhou, Q., et al. (2026) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.12.066 · Cited by 3
Advances in Gene Therapy with Oncolytic Viruses and CAR-T Cells and Therapy-Related Groups
Matsuzaka, Y., & Yashiro, R. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47040268 · Cited by 3
Jiang, T., Jing, S., Li, H., Xiao, B., Jin, J., Sun, X., Wang, J., Liang, J., Cai, T., Hu, H., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202417205 · Cited by 3
Hernández-Hernández, V. A., Higuera-Iglesias, A. L., Palma-Cortés, G., Tapia‐Trejo, D., Ávila‐Ríos, S., González-Fernández, R. R., Pérez-Moreno, L. Á., Zúñiga, J., Guadarrama-Pérez, C., Sandoval‐Gutiérrez, J. L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.029 · Cited by 3
Wu, X., & Fang, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1494887 · Cited by 4
Review on the bioanalysis of non-virus-based gene therapeutics
Zhou, M., Zhang, X., Yan, H., Xing, L., Yi, T., & Shen, L. (2024) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.1080/17576180.2024.2437418 · Cited by 3
Park, J.-Y., Senevirathne, A., & Lee, J. H. (2024) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126524 · Cited by 2
Lee, J.-E. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1614626 · Cited by 2
Chupin, C., Brun, P., Ray, M., Mialon, C., Reitano, M., Traversier, A., Laurent, E., Goumaidi, A., Fouret, J., Paul, S., et al. (2025) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-025-01231-9 · Cited by 3
Cascade amplification of therapeutic payloads for cancer immunotherapy
Li, Y., Wu, J., Li, N., Wu, M., Wang, Z., Li, J., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08735-z · Cited by 2
Pioneering next-generation mRNA therapeutics through molecular engineering and delivery optimization
Qi, L., Li, Z., Feng, Z., Liu, J., & Chen, X. S. (2025) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2025.08.023 · Cited by 3
RNA-based cancer vaccines: mechanisms, clinical progress, and translational challenges
Al‐Kabariti, A. Y., Kadhim, M. A., Mousa, H. M., Jyothi, S. R., Nayak, P. P., Janney, J. B., Singh, G., & Chauhan, A. S. (2025) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-025-09725-3 · Cited by 2
Optimizing Humoral Immunity for Durable and Broad Protection in Flavivirus Vaccines
Park, J. Y., & Lee, H. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13121182 · Cited by 2
Sun, Z. F., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Ge, T., Pan, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, M., Shan, T., Zhu, G., Wu, Q., et al. (2025) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128055 · Cited by 2
Bhattacharya, M., Chatterjee, S., Das, A., Lee, S., & Chakraborty, C. (2025) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128051 · Cited by 2
Levine, K. S., Blanc, R., Wang, Q., Malca, H., Sekulovich, R. E., Jin, H., Liu, S. N., Verhoeven, C., Sullivan, B. M., Smolenov, I. V., et al. (2026) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-026-01431-x · Cited by 4
Platelet-Targeted Self-Amplifying mRNA for Safe, Long-Acting Thromboprophylaxis
Song, Y., Nguyen, T. L., Shi, P., Refaat, A., Pham, C. V., Xu, B., Ren, S., Skoraczynski, J. I., Nguyen, A., Liu, H., et al. (2026) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.125.327626 · Cited by 2
Huang, H.-S., Chi, J.-X., Wang, J.-J., Xiao, L.-Y., Chen, L., Lai, S.-Y., Liu, W.-Y., Yang, F., Liao, K.-S., Pi, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04569-x · Cited by 2
mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?
Omotara, P., Zhu, W., & Wang, B. (2026) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-026-00791-z · Cited by 2
pH modulates the role of SP6 RNA polymerase in transcription process: an in silico study
Singh, S. R., & Murali, A. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2170916 · Cited by 2
Recent Advances in mRNA Vaccine Development
Aga, A. M., Kelel, M., & Gemeda, M. T. (2023) · Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.23880/oajmb-16000275 · Cited by 7
Points-to-consider: the mRNA vaccine reflection paper
Yamaguchi, T., Ogawa, T., Tsuyoshi, A. N. D. O., Yoshida, S., Sakurai, A., Maki, K., & Araki, Y. (2024) · Translational and Regulatory Sciences · doi:10.33611/trs.2023-007 · Cited by 2
A multi-epitope self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design using a reverse vaccinology approach
Claudia, B., Nugrahapraja, H., & Giri-Rachman, E. A. (2024) · Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4103/rps.rps_91_23 · Cited by 2
A piezoelectric electroporator (Piezopen) for enhanced “naked” RNA vaccine delivery
Michalaki, E., Zanten, A. V., Najjar, J., & Byagathvalli, G. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353214 · Cited by 2
Advancing Protein‐Coding RNA Engineering: From Structural Refinement to Biomedical Implementation
Lu, X., Li, S., Chi, Y., Lin, S., Yuan, H., Lin, Z., Xiao, Y., Yin, H., Zuo, X., Cheng, R., et al. (2025) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.70038 · Cited by 2
Africa is an Essential Partner in the Research and Development of an HIV Vaccine
Gray, G., Williamson, C. E., Bekker, L., Daniels, B. B., Smidt, W., Garrett, N., Kityo, C. M., Mwesigwa, B., Stranix‐Chibanda, L., Akimbu, A., et al. (2025) · Current HIV Research · doi:10.2174/011570162x361496250627004203 · Cited by 2
Messenger RNA vaccines in the prevention of allergic diseases
Li, S., Zheng, Y., & Cheng, L. (2025) · World Allergy Organization Journal · doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2025.101150 · Cited by 2
Generation of mRNA Vaccine: An Analysis of Two Types of Vectors
Ohanube, G. A. K., & Obeta, U. M. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research · doi:10.51847/0nhpnuouhg · Cited by 2
Prophylactic Ribonucleic Acid Vaccines to Combat RNA Viral Infections in Humans
Louis, I. V.-S., & Abadie, J. M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108163 · Cited by 3
Technologies for Making New Vaccines
Pecetta, S., Ahmed, S., Ellis, R. W., & Rappuoli, R. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-79058-1.00067-0 · Cited by 2
Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China
Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Liang, H., Xu, Y. M., Zhou, C., Yao, Y., Wang, H., & Yang, X. (2023) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-023-1034-6 · Cited by 2
Monschein, T., Zrzavy, T., Löbermann, M., Winkelmann, A., Berger, T., Rommer, P. S., Hartung, H., & Zettl, U. K. (2021) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-021-01154-5 · Cited by 2
Emerging Nucleic Acid Cargos for Next-Generation RNA Vaccines and Therapeutics
Safford, H. C., Palanki, R., Ang, M. J. Y., & Mitchell, M. J. (2025) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5c00476 · Cited by 2
Secular changes in human reproduction and assisted reproductive technologies
Saniotis, A., & Henneberg, M. (2021) · Anthropological Review · doi:10.2478/anre-2021-0019 · Cited by 1
Vilpreux, C., Fourquin, P., Martinez, G., Court, M., Appaix, F., Duteyrat, J.-L., Henry, M., Vollaire, J., Ayad, C., Yavuz, A., et al. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94514.4 · Cited by 1
mRNA-Vaccine Platform: Features of Obtaining and Delivery of mRNA
Litvinova, V. R., Рудометов, А. П., Карпенко, Л. И., & Ilyichev, A. A. (2023) · Биоорганическая химия · doi:10.31857/s013234232302015x · Cited by 2
Messenger RNA Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: Optimization of Formulations in the Lab
Delehedde, C., Ciganek, I., Laroui, N., Rameix, N., Perche, F., & Pichon, C. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3770-8_12 · Cited by 1
Design of a self-regulating mRNA gene circuit
Dykeman, E. C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70363-0 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Tembusu virus single-round infectious particle as vaccine vector in chickens
Huang, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, J., Dong, J., Li, L., Xiang, Y., Kuang, R., Gao, S., Sun, M., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110270 · Cited by 1
The Principle and Derivation of Mrna Vaccine
Wang, C. (2024) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/px931970 · Cited by 1
Liu, H.-L., Lin, S., Hung, W., Chang, D. C., & Lin, S.-L. (2025) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151654 · Cited by 1
Advancing Eco-friendly Biomedicine: Sustainable Nanocomposites as Platforms for Genetic Vaccines
Hamidi, A., & Poudineh, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-79110-9_11 · Cited by 2
Ma, J., Li, M., Xie, Z., & Li, D. (2025) · Decoding Infection and Transmission · doi:10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100048 · Cited by 1
Hu, C., Wang, H., Liu, G., Li, K., Zhang, X., Song, L., Gao, F., Xing, W., Wang, Q., Liu, M., et al. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13101062 · Cited by 1
mRNA-delivered neutralizing antibodies confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models
Hazell, N. C., Reyna, R. A., Adam, A., Bonam, S. R., Bei, J., Kumar, N., Nguyen, T., Plante, J. A., Wu, T., Walker, D. H., et al. (2026) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01897-25 · Cited by 3
LNP-mRNA vaccines: Revolutionizing preventive medicine
Bhowmik, S., Kundu, S., Ghosh, S., Chowdhury, A. A., & Acharya, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45006-8.00007-0 · Cited by 1
Engineering multiple levels of specificity in an RNA viral vector
Chong, L. S., Kang, J., Ince, M., Kim, M. S., Gao, X. J., & Elowitz, M. B. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71033-7 · Cited by 5
From edits to Circuits: Nucleic acid therapeutics for Correcting human disease
Guinn, M. T., Sinenko, I., Ghanta, R. K., & Omid Veiseh, A. (2026) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103351 · Cited by 1
Zhou, S., Wang, Z., Xu, Y., Meng, T., Barrett, S., & Zhu, G. (2026) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6c00671 · Cited by 1
Recent progress in the rational design of mRNA vaccines
Guo, Z., Fu, J., Ran, L., Bao, N., Wang, Y., Dong, H., Yang, X., & Jin, Y. (2026) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.07.020 · Cited by 1
Ikrar, T., Muchsin, W., & Sophian, A. (2026) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106487 · Cited by 1
Cai, D., Li, X., Wang, R., Chen, L., Wen, J., & Tian, B. (2026) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines14090781 · Cited by 1
Mueller, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18903-6_1 · Cited by 1
Engineering a Synthetic RNA Segregation System
Hürtgen, D., Mascarenhas, J., Vibhute, M. A., Weise, L. I., Mayr, V., Sourjik, V., & Mutschler, H. (2023) · ChemSystemsChem · doi:10.1002/syst.202200028 · Cited by 1
A New Era of RNA Personalized Vaccines for Cancer and Cancer-Causing Infectious Diseases
Pazzi, A. A., Vij, P., Salhadar, N., George, E., & Tripathi, M. K. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.110905 · Cited by 1
Immune Profile Determines Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Stai, S., Fylaktou, A., Kasimatis, E., Xochelli, A., Λιούλιος, Γ., Nikolaidou, V., Παπαδοπούλου, Α., Myserlis, G., Iosifidou, A. M., Iosifidou, M. A., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11101583 · Cited by 1
Fylaktou, A., Stai, S., Kasimatis, E., Xochelli, A., Nikolaidou, V., Παπαδοπούλου, Α., Myserlis, G., Λιούλιος, Γ., Asouchidou, D., Giannaki, M., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11111670 · Cited by 1
Banerjee, M., Chadha, S., Sanyal, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2023) · Coronaviruses · doi:10.2174/0126667975269506231108053010 · Cited by 1
Oligonucleotides and mRNA Therapeutics
Blenke, E. O., Schiffelers, R. M., & Mastrobattista, E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30023-3_13 · Cited by 1
Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems
Wang, N., Liu, X., Ma, X., & Wang, T. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15491-1.00009-2 · Cited by 2
Targeting pseudoknots with Cas13b inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus replication
Han, H.-J., Yu, D., Yu, J., Kim, J., Heo, W. D., Tark, D., & Kang, S. (2025) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.002071 · Cited by 1
Comparative Function Analysis of Self‐Amplifying mRNA and Self‐Amplifying DNA
Li, W., Wang, Y., Wang, C., Huo, Y., & Lu, Y. (2025) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202500110 · Cited by 1
Vaccines against COVID-19 – Catching the Rays of Hope
Srinivasamurthy, S. K., & Bairy, L. K. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47a33035 · Cited by 1
Kelleni, M. T. (2021) · doi:10.22541/au.160677062.20686503/v3 · Cited by 1
Ultra-compacted single self-amplifying RNA molecules as quintessential vaccinesPreprint
Herrero, J. M., Stahl, T. B., Erbar, S., Maxeiner, K., Schlegel, A., Bacic, T., Cavalcanti, L. P., Schroer, M. A., Svergun, D. I., Şahin, U., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2142761/v1 · Cited by 1
Vaccinations in pregnancy against TORCH pathogens
Beharier, O., & Neeman, M. (2023) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.010 · Cited by 1
Vilpreux, C., Martinez, G., Fourquin, P., Court, M., Appaix, F., Duteyrat, J.-L., Henry, M., Vollaire, J., Ayad, C., Yavuz, A., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94514.2 · Cited by 1
Genetically Modified Viral Vectors for Vaccine Delivery
Arora, D., Taneja, Y., Gulati, D., Kumar, M., Pareek, A., & Gautam, R. K. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394271566.ch6 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Bloom, K., van den Berg, F., & Arbuthnot, P.
- Affiliations
- South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Bloom, Kristie
- Venue
- Gene Therapy
- Published
- 2020-10-22
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 117-129
- ISSN
- 0969-7128 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5462
- PMC
- PMC7580817
- OpenAlex
- W3093949211
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 5.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Gene Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- South African Medical Research Council
- National Research Foundation (118022, 120383)
- Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (18/01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- self-amplifying RNA vaccine, RNA vaccines, infectious disease vaccines, in vitro transcription, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, Ebola, HIV-1, chronic infection
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, RNA, Viral, Vaccination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review