Cited by 488RNA Interference and Gene DeliveryImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 135 of the 136 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases

Open access

Bloom, Kristie, van den Berg, Fiona, Arbuthnot, Patrick·2021·Gene Therapy

DOI 10.1038/s41434-020-00204-yPMC PMC7580817

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Vaccinology is shifting toward synthetic RNA platforms which allow for rapid, scalable, and cell-free manufacturing of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The simple development pipeline is based on in vitro transcription of antigen-encoding sequences or immunotherapies as synthetic RNA transcripts, which are then formulated for delivery. This approach may enable a quicker response to emerging disease outbreaks, as is evident from the swift pursuit of RNA vaccine candidates for the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Both conventional and self-amplifying RNAs have shown protective immunization in preclinical studies against multiple infectious diseases including influenza, RSV, Rabies, Ebola, and HIV-1. Self-amplifying RNAs have shown enhanced antigen expression at lower doses compared to conventional mRNA, suggesting this technology may improve immunization. This review will explore how self-amplifying RNAs are emerging as important vaccine candidates for infectious diseases, the advantages of synthetic manufacturing approaches, and their potential for preventing and treating chronic infections.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41434-020-00204-y

Cites

135 of 135 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W., & Weissman, D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243 · Cited by 4,667
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022483 · Cited by 3,237
Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability
Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Welsh, F. A., Ludwig, J., Kato, H., Akira, S., & Weissman, D. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.200 · Cited by 1,930
Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial
Haynes, B. F., Gilbert, P. B., McElrath, M. J., Zolla‐Pazner, S., Tomaras, G. D., Alam, S. M., Evans, D. T., Montefiori, D. C., Karnasuta, C., Sutthent, R., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1113425 · Cited by 1,810
Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines
Reed, S. G., Orr, M. T., & Fox, C. B. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3409 · Cited by 1,478
Delivering the Messenger: Advances in Technologies for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery
Kowalski, P. S., Rudra, A., Miao, L., & Anderson, D. G. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.012 · Cited by 1,127
DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?
Kutzler, M. A., & Weiner, D. B. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2432 · Cited by 1,077
Reversible methylation of m6Am in the 5′ cap controls mRNA stability
Mauer, J., Luo, X., Blanjoie, A., Jiao, X., Grozhik, A. V., Patil, D. P., Linder, B., Pickering, B. F., Vasseur, J., Chen, Q., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21022 · Cited by 1,072
Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates
Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K. E., Francica, J. R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A. P., Flach, B., O’Connell, S., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2024671 · Cited by 1,066
2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members
Daffis, S., Szretter, K. J., Schriewer, J. M., Li, J., Youn, S., Errett, J. S., Lin, T., Schneller, S. W., Züst, R., Dong, H., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09489 · Cited by 910
Generating the optimal mRNA for therapy: HPLC purification eliminates immune activation and improves translation of nucleoside-modified, protein-encoding mRNA
Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Ludwig, J., & Weissman, D. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr695 · Cited by 898
Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists
Kanzler, H., Barrat, F. J., Hessel, E. M., & Coffman, R. L. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1589 · Cited by 869
Immune Responses to Viral Gene Therapy Vectors
Shirley, J. L., de Jong, Y. P., Terhorst, C., & Herzog, R. W. (2020) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.001 · Cited by 788
Delivery of mRNA vaccines with heterocyclic lipids increases anti-tumor efficacy by STING-mediated immune cell activation
Miao, L., Li, L., Huang, Y., Delcassian, D., Chahal, J., Han, J., Shi, Y., Sadtler, K., Gao, W., Lin, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0247-3 · Cited by 723
N1-methylpseudouridine-incorporated mRNA outperforms pseudouridine-incorporated mRNA by providing enhanced protein expression and reduced immunogenicity in mammalian cell lines and mice
Andries, O., Mc Cafferty, S., De Smedt, S. C., Weiss, R., Sanders, N. N., & Kitada, T. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.051 · Cited by 701
Liposomes as immunological adjuvants
Allison, A. C., & Gregoriadis, G. C. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/252252a0 · Cited by 676
Nonviral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines
Geall, A. J., Verma, A., Otten, G. R., Shaw, C. A., Hekele, A., Banerjee, K., Cu, Y., Beard, C. W., Brito, L. A., Krucker, T., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1209367109 · Cited by 675
Rescue of measles viruses from cloned DNA.
Radecke, F., Spielhofer, P., Schneider, H., Kaelin, K., Huber, M., Dötsch, V., Christiansen, G., & Billeter, M. A. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00266.x · Cited by 645
Vaccines: past, present and future
Plotkin, S. A. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1209 · Cited by 597
Opportunities and Challenges in the Delivery of mRNA-Based Vaccines
Wadhwa, A., Aljabbari, A., Lokras, A., Foged, C., & Thakur, A. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12020102 · Cited by 584
Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses
Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Naradikian, M. S., Parkhouse, K., Cain, D. W., Jones, L., Moody, M. A., Verkerke, H. P., Myles, A., Willis, E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20171450 · Cited by 530
Sequence-engineered mRNA without chemical nucleoside modifications enables an effective protein therapy in large animals
Thess, A., Grund, S., Mui, B. L., Hope, M. J., Baumhof, P., Fotin-Mleczek, M., & Schlake, T. (2015) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2015.103 · Cited by 513
mRNA as a Transformative Technology for Vaccine Development to Control Infectious Diseases
Maruggi, G., Zhang, C., Li, J., Ulmer, J. B., & Yu, D. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.020 · Cited by 507
Self-amplifying RNA vaccines give equivalent protection against influenza to mRNA vaccines but at much lower doses
Vogel, A. B., Lambert, L., Kinnear, E., Busse, D., Erbar, S., Reuter, K. C., Wicke, L., Perkovic, M., Beissert, T., Haas, H., et al. (2018) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.017 · Cited by 501
The promise of mRNA vaccines: a biotech and industrial perspective
Jackson, N. A. C., Kester, K. E., Casimiro, D., Gurunathan, S., & DeRosa, F. (2020) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-020-0159-8 · Cited by 498
DNA Vaccines—How Far From Clinical Use?
Hobernik, D., & Bros, M. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19113605 · Cited by 466
Self-amplifying RNA SARS-CoV-2 lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate induces high neutralizing antibody titers in mice
McKay, P. F., Hu, K., Blakney, A. K., Samnuan, K., Brown, J. C., Penn, R., Zhou, J., Bouton, C. R., Rogers, P., Polra, K., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17409-9 · Cited by 462
Simply put: Vaccination saves lives
Orenstein, W. A., & Ahmed, R. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1704507114 · Cited by 449
Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose
Chahal, J. S., Khan, O. F., Cooper, C. L., McPartlan, J. S., Tsosie, J. K., Tilley, L. D., Sidik, S. M., Lourido, S., Langer, R., Bavari, S., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1600299113 · Cited by 414
Recent progress in broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV
Sok, D., & Burton, D. R. (2018) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0235-7 · Cited by 406
Nanotechnologies in delivery of mRNA therapeutics using nonviral vector-based delivery systems
Guan, S., & Rosenecker, J. (2017) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2017.5 · Cited by 389
Administration of nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding broadly neutralizing antibody protects humanized mice from HIV-1 challenge
Pardi, N., Secreto, A. J., Shan, X., Debonera, F., Glover, J., Yi, Y., Muramatsu, H., Ni, H., Mui, B. L., Tam, Y. K., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14630 · Cited by 352
A Cationic Nanoemulsion for the Delivery of Next-generation RNA Vaccines
Brito, L. A., Chan, M., Shaw, C. A., Hekele, A., Carsillo, T., Schaefer, M., Archer, J., Seubert, A., Otten, G. R., Beard, C. W., et al. (2014) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2014.133 · Cited by 338
Efficient generation of human iPSCs by a synthetic self-replicative RNA
Yoshioka, N., Gros, E., Li, H.-R., Kumar, S., Deacon, D. C., Maron, C., Muotri, A. R., Chi, N. C., Fu, X.-D., Yu, B. D., et al. (2013) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.001 · Cited by 312
HIV-1 Vaccines Based on Antibody Identification, B Cell Ontogeny, and Epitope Structure
Kwong, P. D., & Mascola, J. R. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.029 · Cited by 308
RNA therapeutics on the rise
Wang, F., Zuroske, T., & Watts, J. K. (2020) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00078-0 · Cited by 275
Novel “anti-reverse” cap analogs with superior translational properties
Jemielity, J., Fowler, T. E., Zuberek, J., Stȩpiński, J., Lewdorowicz, M., Niedźwiecka-Kornaś, A., Stolarski, R., Darżynkiewicz, E., & Rhoads, R. E. (2003) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.5430403 · Cited by 263
Uridine Depletion and Chemical Modification Increase Cas9 mRNA Activity and Reduce Immunogenicity without HPLC Purification
Vaidyanathan, S., Azizian, K. T., Haque, A. K. M. A., Henderson, J. M., Hendel, A., Shore, S., Antony, J. S., Hogrefe, R. I., Kormann, M. S. D., Porteus, M. H., et al. (2018) · Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.010 · Cited by 262
Type I IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines
Pollard, C., Rejman, J., De Haes, W., Verrier, B., Van Gulck, E., Naessens, T., De Smedt, S., Bogaert, P., Grooten, J., Vanham, G., et al. (2013) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.202 · Cited by 248
RNA viruses can hijack vertebrate microRNAs to suppress innate immunity
Trobaugh, D. W., Gardner, C. L., Sun, C., Haddow, A. D., Wang, E., Chapnik, E., Mildner, A., Weaver, S. C., Ryman, K. D., & Klimstra, W. B. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12869 · Cited by 226
Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature dendritic cells and induce superior immune responses in vivo
Kuhn, A. N., Diken, M., Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Kowalska, J., Jemielity, J., Darzynkiewicz, E., Huber, C., Türeci, Ö., & Sahin, U. (2010) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2010.52 · Cited by 226
Rapidly produced SAM ® vaccine against H7N9 influenza is immunogenic in mice
Hekele, A., Bertholet, S., Archer, J., Gibson, D. G., Palladino, G., Brito, L. A., Otten, G. R., Brazzoli, M., Buccato, S., Bonci, A., et al. (2013) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1038/emi.2013.54 · Cited by 226
A novel, disruptive vaccination technology: Self-adjuvanted RNActive ® vaccines
Kallen, K.-J., Heidenreich, R., Schnee, M., Petsch, B., Schlake, T., Thess, A., Baumhof, P., Scheel, B., Koch, S. D., & Fotin-Mleczek, M. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.25181 · Cited by 223
A trans-amplifying RNA vaccine strategy for induction of potent protective immunity
Beissert, T., Perkovic, M., Vogel, A., Erbar, S., Walzer, K. C., Hempel, T., Brill, S., Haefner, E., Becker, R., Türeci, Ö., et al. (2020) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.009 · Cited by 212
Induction of an IFN-mediated antiviral response by a self-amplifying RNA vaccine: implications for vaccine design
Pepini, T., Pulichino, A.-M., Carsillo, T., Carlson, A. L., Sari-Sarraf, F., Ramsauer, K., Debasitis, J. C., Maruggi, G., Otten, G. R., Geall, A. J., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601877 · Cited by 208
Inside out: optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for exterior complexation and in vivo delivery of saRNA
Blakney, A. K., McKay, P. F., Yus, B. I., Aldon, Y., & Shattock, R. J. (2019) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41434-019-0095-2 · Cited by 206
In Vitro Transcription of Long RNA Containing Modified Nucleosides
Pardi, N., Muramatsu, H., Weissman, D., & Karikó, K. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-260-5_2 · Cited by 204
Vaccination of Macaques against Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particles
Davis, N., Caley, I. J., Brown, K. W., Betts, M. R., Irlbeck, D. M., McGrath, K. M., Connell, M. J., Montefiori, D. C., Frelinger, J. A., Swanstrom, R. I., et al. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.1.371-378.2000 · Cited by 201
Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo
Kauffman, K. J., Mir, F. F., Jhunjhunwala, S., Kaczmarek, J. C., Hurtado, J. E., Yang, J. H., Webber, M. J., Kowalski, P. S., Heartlein, M. W., DeRosa, F., et al. (2016) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.006 · Cited by 195
Self-replicating Semliki Forest virus RNA as recombinant vaccine
Zhou, X., Berglund, P., Rhodes, G., Parker, S. E., Jondal, M., & Liljeström, P. (1994) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)90074-4 · Cited by 193
Identification of the gene for an Escherichia coli poly(A) polymerase.
Cao, G. J., & Sarkar, N. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10380 · Cited by 193
Synthesis of RNA by In Vitro Transcription
Beckert, B., & Masquida, B. (2010) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-248-9_3 · Cited by 182
Potent Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques Induced by Nonviral Delivery of a Self-amplifying RNA Vaccine Expressing HIV Type 1 Envelope With a Cationic Nanoemulsion
Bogers, W. M., Oostermeijer, H., Mooij, P., Koopman, G., Verschoor, E. J., Davis, D., Ulmer, J. B., Brito, L. A., Cu, Y., Banerjee, K., et al. (2015) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu522 · Cited by 181
A Viral RNA Structural Element Alters Host Recognition of Nonself RNA
Hyde, J., Gardner, C. L., Kimura, T., White, J. P., Gai, L., Trobaugh, D. W., Huang, C., Tonelli, M., Paessler, S., Takeda, K., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1248465 · Cited by 179
Receptor-mediated gene transfer into macrophages.
Ferkol, T. W., Perales, J. C., Mularo, F., & Hanson, R. W. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.101 · Cited by 174
An alphavirus replicon particle chimera derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis and sindbis viruses is a potent gene-based vaccine delivery vector
Perri, S., Greer, C. E., Thudium, K., Doe, B., Legg, H., Liu, H., Romero, R. E., Tang, Z., Bin, Q., Dubensky, T. W., et al. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.19.10394-10403.2003 · Cited by 172
Modification of the 5'-terminus of mRNA by soluble guanylyl and methyl transferases from vaccinia virus.
Ensinger, M. J., Martin, S. A., Paoletti, E., & Moss, B. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7.2525 · Cited by 167
A brief history of the global effort to develop a preventive HIV vaccine
Esparza, J. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.018 · Cited by 166
An RNA nanoparticle vaccine against Zika virus elicits antibody and CD8+ T cell responses in a mouse model
Chahal, J. S., Fang, T., Woodham, A. W., Khan, O. F., Ling, J. J., Anderson, D. G., & Ploegh, H. L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00193-w · Cited by 161
A Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Delivery of a Replicating Viral RNA Provides Single, Low-Dose Protection against Zika
Erasmus, J. H., Khandhar, A. P., Guderian, J., Granger, B., Archer, J., Archer, M., Gage, E., Fuerte-Stone, J., Larson, E., Lin, S., et al. (2018) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.010 · Cited by 161
Self-replicative RNA vaccines elicit protection against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and a tickborne encephalitis virus
Fleeton, M. N., Chen, M., Berglund, P., Rhodes, G., Parker, S. E., Murphy, M., Atkins, G. J., & Liljeström, P. (2001) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/319857 · Cited by 157
Big Is Beautiful: Enhanced saRNA Delivery and Immunogenicity by a Higher Molecular Weight, Bioreducible, Cationic Polymer
Blakney, A. K., Zhu, Y., McKay, P. F., Bouton, C. R., Yeow, J., Tang, J., Hu, K., Samnuan, K., Grigsby, C. L., Shattock, R. J., et al. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c00326 · Cited by 155
Induction of Broad-Based Immunity and Protective Efficacy by Self-amplifying mRNA Vaccines Encoding Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin
Brazzoli, M., Magini, D., Bonci, A., Buccato, S., Giovani, C., Kratzer, R., Zurli, V., Mangiavacchi, S., Casini, D., Brito, L. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01786-15 · Cited by 154
Protection against lethal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmmPBj14 disease by a recombinant Semliki Forest virus gp160 vaccine and by a gp120 subunit vaccine
Mossman, S. P., Bex, F., Berglund, P., Arthos, J. A., O'Neil, S. P., Riley, D. M., Maul, D. H., Bruck, C., Momin, P., Burny, A., et al. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.3.1953-1960.1996 · Cited by 149
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy induced by self-amplifying mRNA vaccines encoding bacterial antigens
Maruggi, G., Chiarot, E., Giovani, C., Buccato, S., Bonacci, S., Frigimelica, E., Margarit, I., Geall, A., Bensi, G., & Maione, D. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.040 · Cited by 149
Gene Transfer by DNA/Glycosylated Polylysine Complexes into Human Blood Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Erbacher, P., Bousser, M.-T., Raimond, J., Monsigny, M. L. P., Midoux, P., & Roche, A. (1996) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.1996.7.6-721 · Cited by 140
Designing liposomal adjuvants for the next generation of vaccines
Perrie, Y., Crofts, F., Devitt, A., Griffiths, H. R., Kastner, E., & Nadella, V. (2015) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.005 · Cited by 140
Functions of alphavirus nonstructural proteins in RNA replication
Kääriäinen, L., & Ahola, T. (2002) · Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(02)71044-1 · Cited by 137
The promise of nucleic acid vaccines
Restifo, N. P., Ying, H., Hwang, L. N., & Leitner, W. W. (2000) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301117 · Cited by 136
Synthesis of low immunogenicity RNA with high-temperature in vitro transcription
Wu, M. Z., Asahara, H., Tzertzinis, G., & Roy, B. (2020) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.073858.119 · Cited by 135
Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines Expressing Multiple Conserved Influenza Antigens Confer Protection against Homologous and Heterosubtypic Viral Challenge
Magini, D., Giovani, C., Mangiavacchi, S., Maccari, S., Cecchi, R., Ulmer, J. B., Gregorio, E. D., Geall, A. J., Brazzoli, M., & Bertholet, S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161193 · Cited by 127
Translation of Sindbis virus mRNA: analysis of sequences downstream of the initiating AUG codon that enhance translation
Frolov, I. V., & Schlesinger, S. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.2.1182-1190.1996 · Cited by 125
A phase I/IIa immunotherapy trial of HIV-1-infected patients with Tat, Rev and Nef expressing dendritic cells followed by treatment interruption
Allard, S. D., Keersmaecker, B. D., de Goede, A. L., Verschuren, E. J., Koetsveld, J., Reedijk, M. L., Wylock, C., Bel, A. V. D., Vandeloo, J., Pistoor, F. H. M., et al. (2011) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2011.10.010 · Cited by 121
Immunologic activity and safety of autologous HIV RNA-electroporated dendritic cells in HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
Routy, J., Boulassel, M., Yassine‐Diab, B., Nicolette, C. A., Healey, D. G., Jain, R., Landry, C., Yegorov, O., Tcherepanova, I. Y., Monesmith, T., et al. (2009) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.009 · Cited by 121
Mimicking live flavivirus immunization with a noninfectious RNA vaccine
Kofler, R. M., Aberle, J. H., Aberle, S. W., Allison, S. L., Heinz, F. X., & Mandl, C. W. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307145101 · Cited by 116
IFIT1 Differentially Interferes with Translation and Replication of Alphavirus Genomes and Promotes Induction of Type I Interferon
Reynaud, J. M., Kim, D., Atasheva, S., Aliaksandra, R., White, J. P., Diamond, M., Weaver, S. C., Frolova, E. I., & Frolov, I. V. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004863 · Cited by 114
Assembly of Alphavirus Replication Complexes from RNA and Protein Components in a Novel trans -Replication System in Mammalian Cells
Spuul, P., Balistreri, G., Hellström, K., Golubtsov, A., Jokitalo, E., & Ahola, T. (2011) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00085-11 · Cited by 113
Mannosylation of LNP Results in Improved Potency for Self-Amplifying RNA (SAM) Vaccines
Goswami, R., Chatzikleanthous, D., Lou, G., Giusti, F., Bonci, A., Taccone, M., Brazzoli, M., Gallorini, S., Ferlenghi, I., Berti, F., et al. (2019) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00084 · Cited by 113
mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccination induces potent antiviral T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected patients
Gulck, E. R. V., Vlieghe, E., Vekemans, M., Tendeloo, V. F. V., de Velde, A. V., Smits, E., Anguille, S., Cools, N., Goossens, H., Mertens, L., et al. (2011) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32834f33e8 · Cited by 111
The 5′ and 3′ ends of alphavirus RNAs – Non-coding is not non-functional
Hyde, J., Chen, R., Trobaugh, D. W., Diamond, M., Weaver, S. C., Klimstra, W. B., & Wilusz, J. (2015) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.016 · Cited by 105
Liposomes as Immunological Adjuvants
Allison, A. C., & Gregoriadis, G. C. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81049-7_8 · Cited by 103
Characterization of HIV-1 Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines in Rabbits and Rhesus Macaques
Pardi, N., LaBranche, C. C., Ferrari, G., Cain, D. W., Tombácz, I., Parks, R. J., Muramatsu, H., Mui, B. L., Tam, Y. K., Karikó, K., et al. (2019) · Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.03.003 · Cited by 103
Catalytic activity of vaccinia mRNA capping enzyme subunits coexpressed in Escherichia coli.
Shuman, S. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38494-7 · Cited by 102
Phase I clinical trial of an intranodally administered mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine against HIV-1 infection
Leal, L., Guardo, A. C., Morón‐López, S., Salgado, M., Mothe, B., Heirman, C., Pannus, P., Vanham, G., van den Ham, H., Gruters, R. A., et al. (2018) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002026 · Cited by 102
Immunization of HIV-1-Infected Persons With Autologous Dendritic Cells Transfected With mRNA Encoding HIV-1 Gag and Nef
Gandhi, R. T., Kwon, D. S., Macklin, E. A., Shopis, J., McLean, A. P., McBrine, N., Flynn, T., Peter, L. E., Sbrolla, A., Kaufmann, D., et al. (2015) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000852 · Cited by 95
Advances in RNA vaccines for preventive indications: A case study of a vaccine against rabies
Armbruster, N., Jasny, E., & Petsch, B. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7040132 · Cited by 95
Efficient Induction of T Cells against Conserved HIV-1 Regions by Mosaic Vaccines Delivered as Self-Amplifying mRNA
Moyo, N., Vogel, A. B., Buus, S., Erbar, S., Wee, E. G., Sahin, U., & Hanke, T. (2019) · Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.010 · Cited by 94
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to RNA Immunization with Flavivirus Replicons Derived from Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Aberle, J. H., Aberle, S. W., Kofler, R. M., & Mandl, C. W. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.24.15107-15113.2005 · Cited by 91
New Kids on the Block: RNA-Based Influenza Virus Vaccines
Scorza, F. B., & Pardi, N. (2018) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines6020020 · Cited by 91
CD 8 T‐cell priming upon mRNA vaccination is restricted to bone‐marrow‐derived antigen‐presenting cells and may involve antigen transfer from myocytes
Lazzaro, S., Giovani, C., Mangiavacchi, S., Magini, D., Maione, D., Baudner, B. C., Geall, A. J., Gregorio, E. D., D’Oro, U., & Buonsanti, C. (2015) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12505 · Cited by 89
Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for HIV-1 Infection Using Autologous HIV-1 RNA
Jacobson, J. M., Routy, J., Welles, S. L., Debenedette, M. A., Tcherepanova, I. Y., Angel, J. B., Asmuth, D. M., Stein, D., Baril, J.-G., McKellar, M., et al. (2016) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000926 · Cited by 89
Immunogenicity of RNA Replicons Encoding HIV Env Immunogens Designed for Self-Assembly into Nanoparticles
Melo, M., Porter, E., Zhang, Y., Silva, M., Li, N., Dobosh, B., Liguori, A., Skog, P., Landais, E., Menis, S., et al. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.007 · Cited by 88
Expression Kinetics and Innate Immune Response after Electroporation and LNP-Mediated Delivery of a Self-Amplifying mRNA in the Skin
Huysmans, H., Zhong, Z., De Temmerman, J., Mui, B. L., Tam, Y. K., Mc Cafferty, S., Gitsels, A., Vanrompay, D., & Sanders, N. N. (2019) · Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.08.001 · Cited by 83
Improvement of In Vivo Expression of Genes Delivered by Self-Amplifying RNA Using Vaccinia Virus Immune Evasion Proteins
Beißert, T., Koste, L., Perković, M., Walzer, K. C., Erbar, S., Selmi, A., Diken, M., Kreiter, S., Türeci, Ö., & Şahin, U. (2017) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2017.121 · Cited by 81
A novel RNA‐based adjuvant combines strong immunostimulatory capacities with a favorable safety profile
Heidenreich, R., Jasny, E., Kowalczyk, A., Lutz, J., Probst, J., Baumhof, P., Scheel, B., Voss, S., Kallen, K., & Fotin‐Mleczek, M. (2014) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.29402 · Cited by 80
Nonclinical safety assessment of repeated administration and biodistribution of a novel rabies self-amplifying mRNA vaccine in rats
Stokes, A. H., Pion, J., Binazon, O., Laffont, B., Bigras, M., Dubois, G., Blouin, K., Young, J. K., Ringenberg, M. A., Abdeljelil, N. B., et al. (2020) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104648 · Cited by 73
Self-replicating Replicon-RNA Delivery to Dendritic Cells by Chitosan-nanoparticles for Translation In Vitro and In Vivo
McCullough, K. C., Bassi, I., Milona, P., Suter, R., Thomann, L., Englezou, P. C., Démoulins, T., & Ruggli, N. (2014) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1038/mtna.2014.24 · Cited by 72
In vitro evolution of enhanced RNA replicons for immunotherapy
Li, Y., Teague, B., Zhang, Y., Su, Z., Porter, E., Dobosh, B., Wagner, T., Irvine, D. J., & Weiss, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43422-0 · Cited by 71
Immunogenicity and Protection Efficacy of a Naked Self-Replicating mRNA-Based Zika Virus Vaccine
Zhong, Z., Catani, J. P. P., Cafferty, S. M., Couck, L., Broeck, W. V. D., Gorlé, N., Vandenbroucke, R. E., Devriendt, B., Ulbert, S., Cnops, L., et al. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7030096 · Cited by 70
Immunogenicity of AGS-004 Dendritic Cell Therapy in Patients Treated During Acute HIV Infection
Gay, C. L., Debenedette, M. A., Tcherepanova, I. Y., Gamble, A. H., Lewis, W. E., Cope, A. B., Kuruc, J. D., McGee, K. S., Kearney, M. F., Coffin, J. M., et al. (2017) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2017.0071 · Cited by 68
Self-Replicating RNA Viruses for RNA Therapeutics
Lundstrom, K. H. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23123310 · Cited by 66
Polyvalent vaccine approaches to combat HIV ‐1 diversity
Korber, B., Hraber, P., Wagh, K., & Hahn, B. H. (2017) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12516 · Cited by 65
Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induce Robust Protective Immunogenicity in Mice
Samsa, M. M., Dupuy, L. C., Beard, C. W., Six, C. M., Schmaljohn, C. S., Mason, P. W., Geall, A. J., Ulmer, J. B., & Yu, D. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.12.013 · Cited by 63
Influenza Vaccines: Good, but We Can Do Better
Paules, C. I., & Fauci, A. S. (2018) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy633 · Cited by 62
Enhanced Delivery and Potency of Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines by Electroporation in Situ
Cu, Y., Broderick, K. E., Banerjee, K., Hickman, J., Otten, G. R., Barnett, S. W., Kichaev, G., Sardesai, N. Y., Ulmer, J. B., & Geall, A. J. (2013) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines1030367 · Cited by 58
RNActive® Technology: Generation and Testing of Stable and Immunogenic mRNA Vaccines
Rauch, S., Lutz, J., Kowalczyk, A., Schlake, T., & Heidenreich, R. (2017) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6481-9_5 · Cited by 57
Investigating the Impact of Delivery System Design on the Efficacy of Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines
Anderluzzi, G., Lou, G., Gallorini, S., Brazzoli, M., Johnson, R., O’Hagan, D. T., Baudner, B. C., & Perrie, Y. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8020212 · Cited by 57
Variation between Populations in the Innate Immune Response to Vaccine Adjuvants
Kollmann, T. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00081 · Cited by 56
Induction of Protective Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in Mice by Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase-II (NTPase-II) Self-amplifying RNA Vaccine Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP)
Luo, F., Zheng, L., Hu, Y., Liu, S., Wang, Y., Xiong, Z., Hu, X., & Tan, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00605 · Cited by 56
Engineering multi-specific antibodies against HIV-1
Padte, N. N., Yu, J., Huang, Y., & Ho, D. D. (2018) · Retrovirology · doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0439-9 · Cited by 56
Neutral Lipopolyplexes for In Vivo Delivery of Conventional and Replicative RNA Vaccine
Perche, F., Clemençon, R., Schulze, K., Ebensen, T., Guzmán, C. A., & Pichon, C. (2019) · Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.014 · Cited by 55
Self-Replicating RNA
Tews, B. A., & Meyers, G. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6481-9_2 · Cited by 54
Self-replicating RNA vaccine functionality modulated by fine-tuning of polyplex delivery vehicle structure
Démoulins, T., Ebensen, T., Schulze, K., Englezou, P. C., Pelliccia, M., Guzmán, C. A., Ruggli, N., & McCullough, K. C. (2017) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.018 · Cited by 53
Innate immune control of alphavirus infection
Carpentier, K. S., & Morrison, T. E. (2017) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.11.006 · Cited by 49
Effects of cationic adjuvant formulation particle type, fluidity and immunomodulators on delivery and immunogenicity of saRNA
Blakney, A. K., McKay, P. F., Christensen, D., Yus, B. I., Aldon, Y., Follmann, F., & Shattock, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.043 · Cited by 48
Structural components for amplification of positive and negative strand VEEV splitzicons
Blakney, A. K., McKay, P. F., & Shattock, R. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2018.00071 · Cited by 47
Vaccination of macaques with SIV immunogens delivered by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle vectors followed by a mucosal challenge with SIVsmE660
Johnston, R. E., Johnson, P. R., Connell, M. J., Montefiori, D. C., West, A., Collier, M., Cecil, C., Swanstrom, R. I., Frelinger, J. A., & Davis, N. (2005) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.05.034 · Cited by 44
Assessing the impact of AGS-004, a dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and vorinostat on persistent HIV-1 Infection
Gay, C. L., Kuruc, J. D., Falcinelli, S. D., Warren, J. A., Reifeis, S. A., Kirchherr, J., James, K. S., Dewey, M., Helms, A., Allard, B., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61878-3 · Cited by 43
Efficient inhibition of RNA self-primed extension by addition of competing 3′-capture DNA-improved RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase
Gholamalipour, Y., Johnson, W. C., & Martin, C. T. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz700 · Cited by 42
An RNA trapping mechanism in Alphavirus mRNA promotes ribosome stalling and translation initiation
Toribio, R., Díaz‐López, I., Boskovic, J., & Ventoso, I. (2016) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw172 · Cited by 41
Adeno-associated virus gene delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies as prevention and therapy against HIV-1
Lin, A. Z., & Balazs, A. B. (2018) · Retrovirology · doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0449-7 · Cited by 41
Self-Amplifying Replicon RNA Delivery to Dendritic Cells by Cationic Lipids
Englezou, P. C., Sapet, C., Démoulins, T., Milona, P., Ebensen, T., Schulze, K., GUZMAN, C., Poulhès, F., Zelphati, O., Ruggli, N., et al. (2018) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.019 · Cited by 38
Innovations in HIV-1 Vaccine Design
Jones, L. D., Moody, M. A., & Thompson, A. B. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.009 · Cited by 38
Therapeutic Vaccine in Chronically HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Trial with HTI-TriMix
de Jong, W., Leal, L., Buyze, J., Pannus, P., Guardo, A. C., Salgado, M., Mothe, B., Moltó, J., Morón‐López, S., Gálvez, C., et al. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7040209 · Cited by 37
Mannosylated Poly(ethylene imine) Copolymers Enhance saRNA Uptake and Expression in Human Skin Explants
Blakney, A. K., Abdouni, Y., Yilmaz, G., Liu, R., McKay, P. F., Bouton, C. R., Shattock, R. J., & Becer, C. R. (2020) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00445 · Cited by 36
The Neutralizing Antibody Response to the HIV-1 Env Protein
Moore, P. L. (2017) · Current HIV Research · doi:10.2174/1570162x15666171124122044 · Cited by 31
Plant-made HIV vaccines and potential candidates
Trémouillaux‐Guiller, J., Moustafa, K., Hefferon, K. L., Gaobotse, G., & Makhzoum, A. B. (2020) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.004 · Cited by 24
Co-administration of GM-CSF expressing RNA is a powerful tool to enhance potency of SAM-based vaccines
Manara, C., Brazzoli, M., Piccioli, D., Taccone, M., D’Oro, U., Maione, D., & Frigimelica, E. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.028 · Cited by 23
Ornithine-derived oligomers and dendrimers for in vitro delivery of DNA and ex vivo transfection of skin cells via saRNA
Saviano, F., Lovato, T., Russo, A., Russo, G., Bouton, C. R., Shattock, R. J., Alexander, C., Quaglia, F., Blakney, A. K., Gurnani, P., et al. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d0tb00942c · Cited by 23
Messenger RNA translation enhancement by immune evasion proteins: a comparative study between EKB (vaccinia virus) and NS1 (influenza A virus)
Liu, Y., Chin, J. M., Choo, E. L., & Phua, K. K. L. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48559-6 · Cited by 22
Multivalent Peptide-Functionalized Bioreducible Polymers for Cellular Delivery of Various RNAs
Yang, D., Eldredge, A. C., Hickey, J. C., Muradyan, H., & Guan, Z. (2020) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00211 · Cited by 22
Engineering antibody-like inhibitors to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection
Gardner, M. R., & Farzan, M. (2017) · Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000367 · Cited by 21
Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for HIV-1 Infection Using Autologous HIV-1 RNA: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Routy, J., Stein, D., Angel, J. B., Wood, K., McKellar, M., Nicolette, C. A., Margolis, D. M., Trottier, B., Debenedette, M. A., Jacobson, J. M., et al. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · doi:10.17615/7fd5-r368 · Cited by 11
Leap-In Transposases and Transposons Accelerate Cell Line Development
Lee, M., Sepulveda, C., Tang, C., Truong, V., Vavilala, D. T., Webster, L., Zhang, B., & Boldog, F. L. (2019) · Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News · doi:10.1089/gen.39.09.18 · Cited by 10
RNA Epitranscriptome: Role of the 5' Cap
McCaffrey, A. P. (2019) · Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News · doi:10.1089/gen.39.05.17 · Cited by 9

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Perri S, Greer CE, Thudium K, Doe B, Legg H, Liu H, et al. An alphavirus replicon particle chimera derived from venezuelan equine encephalitis and sindbis viruses is a potent gene-based vaccine delivery vector. J Virol. 2003;77:10394–403. · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: structure and stability
Schoenmaker, L., Witzigmann, D., Kulkarni, J. A., Verbeke, R., Kersten, G., Jiskoot, W., & Crommelin, D. J. A. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120586 · Cited by 1,566
mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation
Chaudhary, N., Weissman, D., & Whitehead, K. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00283-5 · Cited by 1,555
mRNA vaccine for cancer immunotherapy
Miao, L., Zhang, Y., & Huang, L. (2021) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01335-5 · Cited by 966
mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases
Qin, S., Tang, X., Chen, Y., Chen, K., Fan, N., Xiao, W., Zheng, Q., Li, G., Teng, Y., Wu, M., et al. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01007-w · Cited by 852
Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress
Liu, J., Fu, M., Wang, M., Wan, D., Wei, Y., & Wei, X. (2022) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-022-01247-x · Cited by 762

See all 488

Authors: Bloom, K., van den Berg, F., & Arbuthnot, P.
Affiliations: South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
Corresponding author: Bloom, Kristie
ORCID: Bloom, Kristie
van den Berg, Fiona
Arbuthnot, Patrick
Venue: Gene Therapy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-10-22
Volume: 28
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 117-129
ISSN: 0969-7128 (ISSN-L)
1476-5462
DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00204-y
PMC: PMC7580817
OpenAlex: W3093949211
Cited by: 487
References: 136
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 5.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Gene Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: South African Medical Research Council
National Research Foundation (118022, 120383)
Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (18/01)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Keywords: self-amplifying RNA vaccine, RNA vaccines, infectious disease vaccines, in vitro transcription, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, Ebola, HIV-1, chronic infection
MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, RNA, Viral, Vaccination

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks