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Cited by 56Spaceflight effects on biologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle Physiology and Disorders

IL-6 and the dysregulation of immune, bone, muscle, and metabolic homeostasis during spaceflight

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Smith, John Kelly·2018·npj Microgravity
DOI 10.1038/s41526-018-0057-9PMC PMC6279793
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Abstract

We have previously reported that exercise-related secretion of IL-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is proportionate to body weight, suggesting that IL-6 is gravisensitive and that suboptimal production of this key cytokine may contribute to homeostatic dysregulations that occur during spaceflight. This review details what is known about the role of this key cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity, hematopoiesis, and in bone, muscle and metabolic homeostasis on Earth and in the microgravity of space and suggests an experimental approach to confirm or disavow the role of IL-6 in space-related dysregulations.

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  • In addition to gravity, mechanotransduction in bone is mediated by fluid shear stresses, hydrostatic pressures, and the force of muscular contraction.

    “In addition to the force of gravity, mechanotransduction in bone is mediated by fluid shear stresses [50], hydrostatic pressures [51], and the force of muscular contraction [52].”

    From Osteoclasts and Microgravity (2020) · cites this paper as [52]

    Citation [52] is attached to the claim that muscular contraction mediates mechanotransduction in bone. The ‘IL-6 and bone homeostasis > In Space’ section says osteocytes transduce bone-loading signals, and the Introduction discusses exercise-related bone changes, but neither identifies muscular contraction as the source of those signals. Searches for ‘force of muscular contraction,’ ‘muscle contractions mechanical loading,’ and ‘contraction’ found no passage making that link. (LLM, conf=0.73)

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Authors
Smith, J. K.
Affiliations
East Tennessee State University (US)
Corresponding author
Smith, John Kelly
ORCID
Smith, John Kelly
Venue
npj Microgravity
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-12-04
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
24-24
ISSN
2373-8065 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41526-018-0057-9
PMC
PMC6279793
OpenAlex
W2896925233
Cited by
56
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4
FWCI
0.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • npj Microgravity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • East Tennessee State University
  • Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
interleukin-6, spaceflight, microgravity, immune dysregulation, bone homeostasis, muscle atrophy, metabolic homeostasis, hematopoiesis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, innate and adaptive immunity

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