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High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

Ding, Yunhong, Bacco, Davide, Dalgaard, Kjeld, Cai, Xinlun, Zhou, Xiaoqi, Rottwitt, Karsten, Oxenløwe, Leif Katsuo·2017·npj Quantum Information
DOI 10.1038/s41534-017-0026-2
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Abstract

Quantum key distribution provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, quantum key distribution protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarization states, and the transmitted information efficiency of the quantum key is intrinsically limited to 1 bit/photon. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on space division multiplexing in multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated lightwave circuits. We successfully realized three mutually unbiased bases in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, and achieved low and stable quantum bit error rate well below both the coherent attack and individual attack limits. Compared to previous demonstrations, the use of a multicore fiber in our protocol provides a much more efficient way to create high-dimensional quantum states, and enables breaking the information efficiency limit of traditional quantum key distribution protocols. In addition, the silicon photonic circuits used in our work integrate variable optical attenuators, highly efficient multicore fiber couplers, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, enabling manipulating high-dimensional quantum states in a compact and stable manner. Our demonstration paves the way to utilize state-of-the-art multicore fibers for noise tolerance high-dimensional quantum key distribution, and boost silicon photonics for high information efficiency quantum communications.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41534-017-0026-2

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  • On the above platforms, photonic circuits can be implemented according to linear-optical interferometric schemes capable of arbitrary unitary evolutions, or designs optimized for Fourier and Hadamard transformations.

    “On the above platforms, photonic circuits can be implemented [243,244] according to linear-optical interferometric schemes capable to perform arbitrary unitary evolutions [245,246], or designs optimized for Fourier and Hadamard transformations [241, 244].”

    From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [243]

    The Experimental results section (page unavailable) describes a silicon photonic circuit using cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers and phase shifters to prepare and measure quantum states. This supports the citation as an example of an implemented interferometric circuit, but our copy does not identify its design as optimized for Fourier or Hadamard transformations. The arbitrary-unitary claim is attached to different citations. (LLM, conf=0.80)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Integrated quantum random number generators have been demonstrated based on various non-deterministic quantum processes, e.g., phase fluctuation, vacuum fluctuation, and non-locality.

    “Integrated QRNGs have been demonstrated based on various non-deterministic quantum process, e.g., phase fluctuation [38, 74], vacuum fluctuation [75], and non-locality [44].”

    From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [74]

    The citation [44] is attached specifically to the non-locality example. Our copy’s Protocol definition mentions a random number generator for QKD basis and state choices, and Experimental results specifies FPGA-generated PRBS sequences. Neither section reports an integrated quantum random number generator based on non-locality; searches for that mechanism found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Fully integrated quantum random number generators have been demonstrated in InP-chips, in which random numbers were generated from the random phases of two-laser interference.

    “For example, fully integrated QRNGs have been demonstrated in InP-chips ( Fig.3e ) [38, 74], in which random numbers were generated from the random phases of two-laser interference.”

    From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [74]

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 45

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Metadata

Authors
Ding, Y., Bacco, D., Dalgaard, K., Cai, X., Zhou, X., Rottwitt, K., & Oxenløwe, L. K.
Venue
npj Quantum Information
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-06-23
Volume
3
Issue
1
ISSN
2056-6387
DOI
10.1038/s41534-017-0026-2
Cited by
255
References
2
Language
en
Licence

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