CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 376

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chip-based quantum key distribution

Sibson, P., Erven, C., Godfrey, M., Miki, S., Yamashita, T., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., Terai, H., Tanner, M. G., Natarajan, C. M., Hadfield, R. H., O’Brien, J. L., Thompson, M. G.·2017·Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/ncomms13984PMC PMC5309763
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from proof-of-concept to robust demonstrations and deployment of commercial systems. Despite these advances, QKD has not been widely adopted, and large-scale deployment will likely require chip-based devices for improved performance, miniaturization and enhanced functionality. Here we report low error rate, GHz clocked QKD operation of an indium phosphide transmitter chip and a silicon oxynitride receiver chip—monolithically integrated devices using components and manufacturing processes from the telecommunications industry. We use the reconfigurability of these devices to demonstrate three prominent QKD protocols—BB84, Coherent One Way and Differential Phase Shift—with performance comparable to state-of-the-art. These devices, when combined with integrated single photon detectors, pave the way for successfully integrating QKD into future telecommunications networks.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ncomms13984

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Integrated quantum random number generators have been demonstrated based on various non-deterministic quantum processes, e.g., phase fluctuation, vacuum fluctuation, and non-locality.

    “Integrated QRNGs have been demonstrated based on various non-deterministic quantum process, e.g., phase fluctuation [38, 74], vacuum fluctuation [75], and non-locality [44].”

    From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [38]

    The Results > Protocols passage describes phase randomization with an electro-optic modulator, not a quantum random number generator based on phase fluctuations. The Discussion says the receiver’s passive random basis choice removes the need for a quantum random number generator there. Our copy does not describe an integrated QRNG demonstration based on phase fluctuations. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Fully integrated quantum random number generators have been demonstrated in InP-chips, in which random numbers were generated from the random phases of two-laser interference.

    “For example, fully integrated QRNGs have been demonstrated in InP-chips ( Fig.3e ) [38, 74], in which random numbers were generated from the random phases of two-laser interference.”

    From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [38]

  • A fully integrated quantum random number generator (QRNG) was demonstrated in an InP chip.

    “a fully integrated QRNG in an InP chip.”

    From Integrated photonic quantum technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [38]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 31

  1. Lo, H.-K., Curty, M. & Tamaki, K. Secure quantum key distribution. Nat. Photonics 8, 595–604 (2014). · DOI
  2. Scarani, V. et al. The security of practical quantum key distribution. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1301–1350 (2009). · DOI
  3. Yoshino, K.-i., Ochi, T., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M. & Tajima, A. Maintenance-free operation of WDM quantum key distribution system through a field fiber over 30 days. Opt. Exp. 21, 31395–31401 (2013). · DOI
  4. Korzh, B., Walenta, N., Houlmann, R. & Zbinden, H. A high-speed multi-protocol quantum key distribution transmitter based on a dual-drive modulator. Opt. Exp. 21, 19579–19592 (2013). · DOI
  5. Dixon, A. R. et al. High speed prototype quantum key distribution system and long term field trial. Opt. Exp. 23, 7583–7592 (2015). · DOI
  6. Sasaki, M. et al. Quantum photonic network: concept, basic tools, and future issues. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21, 49–61 (2015). · DOI
  7. Smit, M. et al. An introduction to InP-based generic integration technology. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29, 083001 (2014). · DOI
  8. Thompson, M. G., Politi, A., Matthews, J. C. & O’Brien, J. L. Integrated waveguide circuits for optical quantum computing. IET Cir. Dev. Syst. 5, 94–102 (2011). · DOI
  9. Peev, M. et al. The SECOQC quantum key distribution network in Vienna. New J. Phys. 11, 075001 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  10. Sasaki, M. et al. Field test of quantum key distribution in the Tokyo QKD network. Opt. Express 19, 10387–10409 (2011). · DOI · Paper page
  11. Tanaka, A. et al. High-speed quantum key distribution system for 1-Mbps real-time key generation. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 48, 542–550 (2012). · DOI
  12. Zhang, P. et al. Reference-frame-independent quantum-key-distribution server with a telecom tether for an on-chip client. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 130501 (2014). · DOI
  13. Bennett, C. H. & Brassard, G. in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems, and Signal Processing 175–179 (1984).
  14. Stucki, D., Brunner, N., Gisin, N., Scarani, V. & Zbinden, H. Fast and simple one-way quantum key distribution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 194108 (2005). · DOI
  15. Inoue, K., Waks, E. & Yamamoto, Y. in Photonics Asia 2002 32–39International Society for Optics and Photonics (2002). · DOI
  16. Najafi, F. et al. On-chip detection of non-classical light by scalable integration of single-photon detectors. Nat. Commun. 6, 5873 (2015). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Hadfield, R. H. Single-photon detectors for optical quantum information applications. Nat. Photonics 3, 696–705 (2009). · DOI
  18. Leinse, A. et al. TriPleX platform technology for photonic integration: Applications from UV through NIR to IR. In 2011 ICO International Conference on Information Photonics, (IP) (2011). · DOI
  19. Natarajan, C. M., Tanner, M. G. & Hadfield, R. H. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: physics and applications. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 063001 (2012). · DOI
  20. Ma, X., Qi, B., Zhao, Y. & Lo, H.-K. Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 72, 012326 (2005). · DOI
  21. Korzh, B. et al. Provably secure and practical quantum key distribution over 307km of optical fibre. Nat. Photonics 9, 163–168 (2015). · DOI
  22. Shibata, H., Honjo, T. & Shimizu, K. Quantum key distribution over a 72 dB channel loss using ultralow dark count superconducting single-photon detectors. Opt. Lett. 39, 5078–5081 (2014). · DOI
  23. Branciard, C., Gisin, N. & Scarani, V. Upper bounds for the security of two distributed-phase reference protocols of quantum cryptography. New J. Phys. 10, 013031 (2008). · DOI
  24. Laing, A., Scarani, V., Rarity, J. G. & O’Brien, J. L. Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 82, 012304 (2010). · DOI
  25. Scarani, V., Acin, A., Ribordy, G. & Gisin, N. Quantum cryptography protocols robust against photon number splitting attacks for weak laser pulse implementations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 057901 (2004). · DOI
  26. Bennett, C. H. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121–3124 (1992). · DOI
  27. Li, H.-W. et al. Attacking a practical quantum-key-distribution system with wavelength-dependent beamsplitter and multiwavelength sources. Phys. Rev. A 84, 062308 (2011). · DOI
  28. Lydersen, L. et al. Hacking commercial quantum cryptography systems by tailored bright illumination. Nat. Photonics 4, 686–689 (2010). · DOI · Paper page
  29. Lo, H.-K., Curty, M. & Qi, B. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 130503 (2012). · DOI
  30. Lucamarini, M. et al. Efficient decoy-state quantum key distribution with quantified security. Opt. Exp. 21, 24550–24565 (2013). · DOI
  31. Wang, S. et al. 2 GHz clock quantum key distribution over 260 km of standard telecom fiber. Opt. Lett. 37, 1008–1010 (2012). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Sibson, P., Erven, C., Godfrey, M., Miki, S., Yamashita, T., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., Terai, H., Tanner, M. G., Natarajan, C. M., Hadfield, R. H., O’Brien, J. L., & Thompson, M. G.
ORCID
Erven, C.
Venue
Nature Communications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-02-09
Volume
8
Issue
1
ISSN
2041-1723
DOI
10.1038/ncomms13984
PMC
PMC5309763
Cited by
376
References
1
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review