The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A phosphorescent probe for in vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window
Abstract
In the second near-infrared spectral window (NIR-II; with wavelengths of 1,000-1,700 nm), in vivo fluorescence imaging can take advantage of reduced tissue autofluorescence and lower light absorption and scattering by tissue. Here, we report the development and in vivo application of a NIR-II phosphorescent probe that has lifetimes of hundreds of microseconds and a Stokes shift of 430 nm. The probe is made of glutathione-capped copper-indium-selenium nanotubes, and in acidic environments (pH 5.5-6.5) switches from displaying fluorescence to phosphorescence. In xenograft models of osteosarcoma and breast cancer, intravenous or intratumoral injections of the probe enabled phosphorescence imaging at signal-to-background ratios, spatial resolutions and sensitivities higher than NIR-II fluorescence imaging with polymer-stabilized copper-indium-sulfide nanorods. Phosphorescence imaging may offer superior imaging performance for a range of biomedical uses.
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Self-citationNear-infrared II fluorescence imaging
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chang, B., Li, D., Ren, Y., Qu, C., Shi, X., Liu, R., Liu, H., Tian, J., Hu, Z., Sun, T., & Cheng, Z.
- Affiliations
- Wuhan University of Technology (CN)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Northeastern University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Zhenhua
- Sun, Taolei
- Cheng, Zhen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2021-08-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 629-639
- ISSN
- 2157-846X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3191365619
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 34
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51803161, 51533007, 61622117)
- DOE | Office of Science (DE-SC0008397)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
- Keywords
- phosphorescent probes, NIR-II imaging, second near-infrared window, glutathione capping, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, in vivo fluorescence imaging
- MeSH terms
- Copper, Humans, Indium, Luminescent Measurements, Nanotubes, Optical Imaging
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