A phosphorescent probe for in vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window

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First-in-human liver-tumour surgery guided by multispectral fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared-I/II windows

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NIR-II light in clinical oncology: opportunities and challenges

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Near-infrared II fluorescence imaging

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Fluorescence-amplified nanocrystals in the second near-infrared window for in vivo real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging

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Nanoparticles with ultrasound-induced afterglow luminescence for tumour-specific theranostics

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Molecularly Engineered Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Biomedical Application: From the Visible toward Second Near-Infrared Window

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Recent advances in optical imaging through deep tissue: imaging probes and techniques

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Stepwise taming of triplet excitons via multiple confinements in intrinsic polymers for long-lived room-temperature phosphorescence

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Engineered NIR-II fluorophores with ultralong-distance molecular packing for high-contrast deep lesion identification

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Photostable Small-Molecule NIR-II Fluorescent Scaffolds that Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier for Noninvasive Brain Imaging

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Engineering single-atom catalysts toward biomedical applications

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In situ orderly self-assembly strategy affording NIR-II-J-aggregates for in vivo imaging and surgical navigation

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Unlocking Cr3+–Cr3+ Coupling in Spinel: Ultrabroadband Near-Infrared Emission beyond 900 nm with High Efficiency and Thermal Stability

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Afterglow bio-applications by utilizing triplet excited states of organic materials

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Oxyhaemoglobin saturation NIR-IIb imaging for assessing cancer metabolism and predicting the response to immunotherapy

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Activatable red/near-infrared aqueous organic phosphorescence probes for improved time-resolved bioimaging

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The Midas Touch by Iridium: A Second Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Metallo-Agent for Exceptional Phototheranostics of Breast Cancer

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Nanomaterial‐Enabled Photothermal Heating and Its Use for Cancer Therapy via Localized Hyperthermia

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Near-Infrared-II Fluorescent Probes for Analytical Applications: From In Vitro Detection to In Vivo Imaging Monitoring

Liu, S., Dong, W., Gao, H.-Q., Song, Z., & Cheng, Z. (2025) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00671 · Cited by 78

Activatable Sonoafterglow Nanoprobes for T‐Cell Imaging

Xu, C., He, S., Wei, X., Huang, J., Xu, M., & Pu, K. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202211651 · Cited by 74

Constructing Broadband Near‐Infrared Garnet Emitters CaGd 2 Ga 4 SiO 12 :Cr 3+ with Unity Quantum Efficiency and High Thermal Stability for Versatile Applications

Qian, D., Jin, Y., Li, Z., Wu, H., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202411804 · Cited by 73

Anti-Tumor Strategies of Photothermal Therapy Combined with Other Therapies Using Nanoplatforms

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Rare Earth Single‐Atomic Hybrid Glasses for Near‐Infrared II Optical Waveguides

Dai, M., Zhou, B., & Yan, D. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202505322 · Cited by 64

Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Allograft Rejection by a Granzyme B Protease Responsive NIR‐II Bioimaging Nanosensor

Chen, Y., Pei, P., Yang, Y., Zhang, H., & Zhang, F. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202301696 · Cited by 63

Construction of Long‐Wavelength Emissive Organic Nanosonosensitizer Targeting Mitochondria for Precise and Efficient In Vivo Sonotherapy

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Long-term monitoring of intravital biological processes using fluorescent protein-assisted NIR-II imaging

Chen, M., Feng, Z., Fan, X., Sun, J., Geng, W., Wu, T., Sheng, J., Qian, J., & Xu, Z. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34274-w · Cited by 57

Millisecond‐Range Time‐Resolved Bioimaging Enabled through Ultralong Aqueous Phosphorescence Probes

Cui, M., Dai, P., Ding, J., Li, M., Sun, R., Jiang, X., Wu, M., Pang, X., Liu, M., Zhao, Q., et al. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202200172 · Cited by 55

Deep-tissue SWIR imaging using rationally designed small red-shifted near-infrared fluorescent protein

Oliinyk, O. S., Ma, C., Pletnev, S. V., Baloban, M., Taboada, C., Sheng, H., Yao, J., & Verkhusha, V. V. (2022) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-022-01683-0 · Cited by 55

NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided colorectal cancer surgery targeting CEACAM5 by a nanobody

Guo, X., Li, C., Jia, X., Qu, Y., Li, M., Cao, C., Zhang, Z., Qu, Q., Luo, S., Tang, J., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104476 · Cited by 56

Self‐Recoverable and NIR‐I to NIR‐II Tunable Broadband Mechanoluminescence of Cr 3+ ‐Doped Antimonate Double Perovskites

Dou, C. R., Liang, T., Zhao, M., Song, Z. L., Ning, L., Peng, D., & Liu, Q. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202419716 · Cited by 57

PET/NIR-II fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgery of glioblastoma using a folate receptor α-targeted dual-modal nanoprobe

Shi, X., Xu, P., Cao, C., Cheng, Z., Tian, J., & Hu, Z. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05890-x · Cited by 56

Artificial intelligence-aided optical imaging for cancer theranostics

Xu, M., Chen, Z., Zheng, J., Zhao, Q., & Yuan, Z. (2023) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.06.003 · Cited by 57

Phosphine-Capped Effects Enable Full-Color Clusteroluminescence in Nonconjugated Polyesters

Chu, B., Liu, X., Li, X., Zhang, Z., Sun, J. Z., Yang, Q., Liu, B., Zhang, H., Zhang, C., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c01568 · Cited by 59

1064 nm activatable semiconducting polymer-based nanoplatform for NIR-II fluorescence/NIR-II photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal therapy of orthotopic osteosarcoma

Li, D., Zhang, C., Tai, X., Xu, D., Xu, J., Sun, P., Fan, Q., Cheng, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.136836 · Cited by 54

NIR‐II J‐Aggregated Pt(II)‐Porphyrin‐Based Phosphorescent Probe for Tumor‐Hypoxia Imaging

Zhang, W., Chen, S., Sun, P., Ye, S., Fan, Q., Song, J., Zeng, P., Qu, J., & Wong, W. (2022) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202200467 · Cited by 51

Noninvasive in vivo microscopy of single neutrophils in the mouse brain via NIR-II fluorescent nanomaterials

Chen, Y., Yang, Y., & Zhang, F. (2024) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3 · Cited by 50

NIR-II bioimaging of small molecule fluorophores: From basic research to clinical applications

Li, C., Guan, X., Zhang, X., Zhou, D., Son, S., Xu, Y., Deng, M., Guo, Z., Sun, Y., & Kim, J. S. (2022) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2022.114620 · Cited by 49

White-light activatable organic NIR-II luminescence nanomaterials for imaging-guided surgery

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In Situ Secondary Self‐Assembly of Near‐Infrared II J‐Aggregates: A Novel Phototheranostic Strategy for Inducing Tumor Pyroptosis

Tang, Y., Xiang, D., & Li, Q. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202501184 · Cited by 48

NIR-II fluorescence-guided liver cancer surgery by a small molecular HDAC6 targeting probe

Wang, B., Tang, C. C., Lin, E., Jia, X., Xie, G., Li, P., Li, D., Yang, Q., Guo, X., Cao, C., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104880 · Cited by 49

Microenvironment‐Tailored Catalytic Nanoprobe for Ratiometric NIR‐II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging of H2O2 in Tumor and Lymphatic Metastasis

Chen, T., Chen, Z., Zhou, Q., Ding, H., Gong, P., Wang, J., Cai, H., Ao, R., Yu, M., Song, J., et al. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202208720 · Cited by 47

Sensitively detecting antigen of SARS-CoV-2 by NIR-II fluorescent nanoparticles

Hu, R., Liao, T., Ren, Y., Liu, W., Ma, R., Wang, X., Lin, Q., Wang, G., & Liang, Y. (2022) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-022-4351-1 · Cited by 45

Near infrared quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging

Wegner, K. D., & Hildebrandt, N. (2024) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2024.117922 · Cited by 44

A Phase Engineering Strategy of Perovskite‐Type ZnSnO3:Nd for Boosting the Sonodynamic Therapy Performance

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Design strategies and applications of smart optical probes in the second near-infrared window

Chang, B., Chen, J., Bao, J., Dong, K., Chen, S., & Cheng, Z. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114637 · Cited by 46

J-aggregates albumin-based NIR-II fluorescent dye nanoparticles for cancer phototheranostics

Du, B., Liu, R., Qu, C., Qian, K., Suo, Y., Wu, F., Chen, H., Li, X., Li, Y., Liu, H., et al. (2022) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100366 · Cited by 42

Activatable Janus Nanoparticles for Precise NIR‐II Bioimaging and Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Bao, J., Liu, R., Yu, Z., Cheng, Z., & Chang, B. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202316646 · Cited by 42

Intraoperative Glioma Grading Using Neural Architecture Search and Multi-Modal Imaging

Xiao, A., Shen, B., Shi, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Tian, J., Ji, N., & Hu, Z. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2022.3166129 · Cited by 41

Single- and multi-modal molecular probes with second near-infrared activatable optical signals for disease diagnosis and theranostics

Wang, M., Bai, S., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs00502g · Cited by 42

Molecular fluorophores for in vivo bioimaging in the second near-infrared window

Yang, Y., & Zhang, F. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05688-x · Cited by 43

High Spatial and Temporal Resolution NIR-IIb Gastrointestinal Imaging in Mice

Mi, C., Guan, M., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Wu, S., Yang, Z., Guo, Z., Liao, J., Zhou, J., Lin, F., et al. (2022) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04909 · Cited by 41

Reactive oxygen species-mediated organic long-persistent luminophores light up biomedicine: from two-component separated nano-systems to integrated uni-luminophores

Li, Z., Liu, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d4cs00443d · Cited by 41

When near-infrared fluorescence meets supramolecular coordination complexes: Challenges and opportunities of metallacycles/metallacages in precision biomedicine

Xu, Y., Dou, Y., Li, Q., Ye, H., Li, Y., Qiu, S., Xiong, X., Li, J., & Sun, Y. (2023) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215320 · Cited by 39

Enantiomeric NIR‐II Emitting Rare‐Earth‐Doped Ag2Se Nanoparticles with Differentiated In Vivo Imaging Efficiencies

Ding, Q., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Li, C., Sun, M., Chen, C., Lin, H., Xu, C., Kuang, H., & Xu, L. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202210370 · Cited by 39

Long‐Lived Second Near‐Infrared Luminescent Probes: An Emerging Role in Time‐Resolved Luminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing

Feng, R., Li, G., Ko, C.-N., Zhang, Z., Wan, J., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Small Structures · doi:10.1002/sstr.202200131 · Cited by 39

New and effective EGFR-targeted fluorescence imaging technology for intraoperative rapid determination of lung cancer in freshly isolated tissue

Li, C., Mi, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Guo, X., Zhou, J. H., Hu, Z., & Tian, J. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05975-7 · Cited by 38

Innovative Biomaterials for Bone Tumor Treatment and Regeneration: Tackling Postoperative Challenges and Charting the Path Forward

Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Qiang, H., Li, M., Cai, Y., Zhou, X., Xu, Y., Yan, Z., Dong, J., Gao, Y., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202304060 · Cited by 36

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanomedicine for inflammatory bowel disease: targeted delivery and integrated diagnostics toward precision treatment

Ding, Q., Luo, Y., Wu, H., Tao, J., Zhang, Y., Yin, G., Qian, K., Chen, Y., Mei, L., Cheng, Z., et al. (2025) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-025-2889-2 · Cited by 34

Activatable NIR‐II Lanthanides‐Polymetallic Oxomolybdate Hybrid Nanosensors for Monitoring Chemotherapy Induced Enteritis

Zhan, Y., Yu, P., Wang, X., Xie, Y., Zhang, H., & Zhang, F. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202301683 · Cited by 34

Deep Learning Enhanced Near Infrared-II Imaging and Image-Guided Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Therapy of Ischemic Stroke

Yu, K., Fu, L., Cao, Y., Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Gao, J., Lu, B., Zhu, H., Gu, L., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c18035 · Cited by 36

Mechanics‐Photophysics Correlation in Tough, Stretchable and Long‐Lived Room Temperature Phosphorescence Ionogels Deciphered by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

Yang, X., Li, N., Wang, B., Chen, P., Ma, S., Deng, Y., Lü, S., & Tang, Y. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202419114 · Cited by 31

Gold clusters: A promising NIR-II probe for bioimaging and biosensing

Sun, J., Cheng, W., Liu, X., Xiang, H., Ruan, C., Chen, F., & Yao, C. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216544 · Cited by 31

Bioresponsive fluorescent probes active in the second near‐infrared window

Chen, Y., Chen, J., & Chang, B. (2023) · iRadiology · doi:10.1002/ird3.10 · Cited by 31

Folate Receptor‐Targeted NIR‐II Dual‐Model Nanoprobes for Multiscale Visualization of Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Lan, R., Lv, J., Gao, D., Hu, D., Liu, C., Jia, J., Zheng, H., Liu, C., Zhao, P., & Sheng, Z. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202300342 · Cited by 29

Indocyanine polymethine fluorophores with extended π-conjugation emitting beyond 1,200 nm for enhanced NIR-II imaging

Ge, R.-T., Xiong, F., Chen, Z.-B., Wang, Y., Zheng, L., Zhou, J., Wu, D., & Zhang, S.-Y. (2025) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102489 · Cited by 28

Aqueous Grown Quantum Dots with Robust Near-Infrared Fluorescence for Integrated Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis and Surgical Monitoring

Jiao, M., Li, X., Liu, H., Cai, P., Yang, X., McHugh, K. J., Zheng, B., Sun, J., Zhang, P., Luo, X., et al. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c03123 · Cited by 28

Application of Photoactive Compounds in Cancer Theranostics: Review on Recent Trends from Photoactive Chemistry to Artificial Intelligence

Szymaszek, P., Tyszka‐Czochara, M., & Ortyl, J. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29133164 · Cited by 27

Light-Facilitated Reassembly to Generate J-Aggregates of Glucosyl aza-BODIPY with Second Near-Infrared Emission for Bioimaging

Dong, L., Shi, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Teng, K., Niu, L., Hu, Z., & Yang, Q. (2024) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c00870 · Cited by 27

A facile phototheranostic nanoplatform integrating NIR-II fluorescence/PA bimodal imaging and image-guided surgery/PTT combinational therapy for improved antitumor efficacy

Han, X., Fang, W., Zhang, T., Zhong, X., Qian, K., Jiang, Z., Hu, R., Shao, G., Zhang, L., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Journal of Material Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.027 · Cited by 25

Two-Dimensional Optical Waveguides at Telecom Wavelengths Based on Organic Single-Crystal Microsheets of a Charge Transfer Complex

Xu, C.-F., Liu, Y., Yu, Y., Meng, X., Zong, H., Lv, Q., Xia, X., Wang, X., & Liao, L. (2023) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00417 · Cited by 25

Bottom‐Up Selective Growth of Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Nanocrystals with Optimized Crystal Forms for In Vivo Optical Imaging

Chen, J., Wei, Z., Shan, Y., Chen, S., Wu, Z. L., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Chen, X. S., & Liu, B. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202418795 · Cited by 24

Fluorescence visualization for cancer DETECTION: EXPERIENCE and perspectives

Kravchenko, Y. O., Sikora, K., Awuah, W. A., & Lyndіn, M. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24390 · Cited by 24

Near‐Infrared Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescent Probes Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Surgical Navigation of Liver Cancer

Li, J., Gu, J., Ding, L., Li, X., Xia, P., Liu, F., Chen, X., Ma, W., He, Y., Li, Q., et al. (2025) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70031 · Cited by 24

Rational Molecular Engineering of Organic Semiconducting Nanoplatforms for Advancing NIR‐II Fluorescence Theranostics

Hu, X., Chen, Z., Ao, H., Fan, Q., Yáng, Z., & Huang, W. (2022) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202201067 · Cited by 23

An Organophosphorescence Probe with Ultralong Lifetime and Intrinsic Tissue Selectivity for Specific Tumor Imaging and Guided Tumor Surgery

Gao, H., Zhang, T., Lei, Y., Jiao, D., Yu, B., Yuan, W. Z., Ji, J., Jin, Q., & Ding, D. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202406651 · Cited by 21

Efficient and Stable NIR‐II Phosphorescence of Metallophilic Molecular Oligomers for In Vivo Single‐Cell Tracking and Time‐Resolved Imaging

Shi, B., Zhang, L., Yan, K., Ming, J., Chen, Z., Chen, Y., He, H., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Wang, S., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202410118 · Cited by 21

Near-infrared II fluorescence-guided glioblastoma surgery targeting monocarboxylate transporter 4 combined with photothermal therapy

Zhao, H., Li, C., Shi, X., Zhang, J., Jia, X., Hu, Z., Gao, Y., & Tian, J. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105243 · Cited by 21

Advanced optical imaging technology in the near infrared window for cell tracking in vivo

Zhao, X., Ma, Y., & Lei, Z. (2024) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216178 · Cited by 22

Comparative Study of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in Lung Cancer with Near-Infrared-I/II Windows

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Structure Tailoring of Hemicyanine Dyes for In Vivo Shortwave Infrared Imaging

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