The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cell fate coordinates mechano-osmotic forces in intestinal crypt formation
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Intestinal organoids derived from single cells undergo complex crypt-villus patterning and morphogenesis. However, the nature and coordination of the underlying forces remains poorly characterized. Here, using light-sheet microscopy and large-scale imaging quantification, we demonstrate that crypt formation coincides with a stark reduction in lumen volume. We develop a 3D biophysical model to computationally screen different mechanical scenarios of crypt morphogenesis. Combining this with live-imaging data and multiple mechanical perturbations, we show that actomyosin-driven crypt apical contraction and villus basal tension work synergistically with lumen volume reduction to drive crypt morphogenesis, and demonstrate the existence of a critical point in differential tensions above which crypt morphology becomes robust to volume changes. Finally, we identified a sodium/glucose cotransporter that is specific to differentiated enterocytes that modulates lumen volume reduction through cell swelling in the villus region. Together, our study uncovers the cellular basis of how cell fate modulates osmotic and actomyosin forces to coordinate robust morphogenesis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“There are two main paths to overcome the use of non-specific ECM such as Matrigel: one is the use of synthetic matrices with more complete control over composition and stiffness, and the other is to take decellularized tissue and create tissue-specific matrices205,243.”
From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [243]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Going deeper with convolutions
Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., & Rabinovich, A. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594 · Cited by 48,562
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche
Sato, T., Vries, R. G., Snippert, H. J., van de Wetering, M., Barker, N., Stange, D. E., van Es, J. H., Abo, A., Kujala, P., Peters, P. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07935 · Cited by 7,204
Prostaglandins and Inflammation
Ricciotti, E., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.207449 · Cited by 4,035
A global double-fluorescent Cre reporter mouse
Muzumdar, M. D., Tasic, B., Miyamichi, K., Li, L., & Luo, L. (2007) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20335 · Cited by 3,491
Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts
Sato, T., van Es, J. H., Snippert, H. J., Stange, D. E., Vries, R. G., van den Born, M., Barker, N., Shroyer, N. F., van de Wetering, M., & Clevers, H. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09637 · Cited by 2,510
Growing Self-Organizing Mini-Guts from a Single Intestinal Stem Cell: Mechanism and Applications
Sato, T., & Clevers, H. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1234852 · Cited by 1,170
Chemical activation of the mechanotransduction channel Piezo1
Syeda, R., Xu, J., Dubin, A. E., Coste, B., Mathur, J., Huynh, T. T., Matzen, J., Lao, J., Tully, D. C., Engels, I. H., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.07369 · Cited by 747
Myosin II Dynamics Are Regulated by Tension in Intercalating Cells
Fernández‐González, R., Simões, S. D. M., Röper, J.-C., Eaton, S., & Zallen, J. A. (2009) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.09.003 · Cited by 644
Vertex Models of Epithelial Morphogenesis
Fletcher, A. G., Osterfield, M., Baker, R. E., & Shvartsman, S. Y. (2014) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4498 · Cited by 619
Self-organization and symmetry breaking in intestinal organoid development
Serra, D., Mayr, U., Boni, A., Lukonin, I., Rempfler, M., Challet Meylan, L., Stadler, M. B., Strnad, P., Papasaikas, P., Vischi, D., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1146-y · Cited by 561
Self-citationMorphoGraphX: A platform for quantifying morphogenesis in 4D
de Reuille, P. B., Routier‐Kierzkowska, A., Kierzkowski, D., Bassel, G. W., Schuepbach, T., Tauriello, G., Bajpai, N., Strauss, S., Weber, A. R., Kiss, A., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05864 · Cited by 542
Visualization of a short-range Wnt gradient in the intestinal stem-cell niche
Farin, H. F., Jordens, I., Mosa, M. H., Basak, O., Korving, J., Tauriello, D. V. F., de Punder, K., Angers, S., Peters, P. J., Maurice, M. M., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16937 · Cited by 525
Phase Separation of Zonula Occludens Proteins Drives Formation of Tight Junctions
Beutel, O., Maraspini, R., García, K. P., Martin-Lemaitre, C., & Honigmann, A. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.011 · Cited by 440
Vertex models: from cell mechanics to tissue morphogenesis
Alt, S., Ganguly, P. S., & Salbreux, G. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0520 · Cited by 433
Forces Driving Epithelial Spreading in Zebrafish Gastrulation
Behrndt, M., Salbreux, G., Campinho, P., Hauschild, R., Oswald, F., Roensch, J., Grill, S. W., & Heisenberg, C. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224143 · Cited by 421
folded gastrulation , cell shape change and the control of myosin localization
Dawes-Hoang, R. E., Parmar, K. M., Christiansen, A. E., Phelps, C. B., Brand, A. H., & Wieschaus, E. F. (2005) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.01938 · Cited by 414
Asymmetric division of contractile domains couples cell positioning and fate specification
Maître, J., Turlier, H., Illukkumbura, R., Eismann, B., Niwayama, R., Nédélec, F., & Hiiragi, T. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18958 · Cited by 381
Self-citationMechanochemical Feedback Loops in Development and Disease
Hannezo, É., & Heisenberg, C. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.052 · Cited by 358
Mechanical regulation of stem-cell differentiation by the stretch-activated Piezo channel
He, L., Si, G., Huang, J., Samuel, A. D. T., & Perrimon, N. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25744 · Cited by 348
Hydraulic control of mammalian embryo size and cell fate
Chan, C. J., Costanzo, M., Ruiz-Herrero, T., Mönke, G., Petrie, R. J., Bergert, M., Diz-Muñoz, A., Mahadevan, L., & Hiiragi, T. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1309-x · Cited by 344
Self-citationLifeact mice for studying F-actin dynamics
Riedl, J., Flynn, K. C., Raducanu, A., Gärtner, F. C., Beck, G., Bösl, M. R., Bradke, F., Maßberg, S., Aszódi, A., Sixt, M., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth0310-168 · Cited by 333
Shape transformations of vesicles with intramembrane domains
Jülicher, F., & Lipowsky, R. (1996) · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics · doi:10.1103/physreve.53.2670 · Cited by 331
Active superelasticity in three-dimensional epithelia of controlled shape
Latorre, E., Kale, S., Casares, L., Gómez‐González, M., Uroz, M., Valon, L., Nair, R. V., Garreta, E., Montserrat, N., del Campo, A., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0671-4 · Cited by 324
Nishimura, T., & Takeichi, M. (2008) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.019646 · Cited by 312
Bending Gradients: How the Intestinal Stem Cell Gets Its Home
Shyer, A. E., Huycke, T. R., Lee, C., Mahadevan, L., & Tabin, C. J. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.041 · Cited by 295
Hydraulic fracturing and active coarsening position the lumen of the mouse blastocyst
Dumortier, J. G., Verge-Serandour, M. L., Tortorelli, A. F., Mielke, A., de Plater, L., Turlier, H., & Maître, J. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw7709 · Cited by 267
Mechanosensation of Tight Junctions Depends on ZO-1 Phase Separation and Flow
Schwayer, C., Shamipour, S., Pranjic-Ferscha, K., Schauer, A., Balda, M. S., Tada, M., Matter, K., & Heisenberg, C. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.006 · Cited by 262
Theory of epithelial sheet morphology in three dimensions
Hannezo, É., Prost, J., & Joanny, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1312076111 · Cited by 256
Prostaglandin E2 promotes intestinal repair through an adaptive cellular response of the epithelium
Miyoshi, H., VanDussen, K. L., Malvin, N. P., Ryu, H., Wang, Y., Sonnek, N. M., Lai, C., & Stappenbeck, T. S. (2016) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201694660 · Cited by 252
Piezo Proteins: Regulators of Mechanosensation and Other Cellular Processes
Bagriantsev, S. N., Gracheva, E. O., & Gallagher, P. G. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r114.612697 · Cited by 249
Actomyosin networks and tissue morphogenesis
Munjal, A., & Lecuit, T. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.091645 · Cited by 249
Jacobelli, J., Friedman, R. S., Conti, M. A., Lennon‐Duménil, A., Piel, M., Sorensen, C. M., Adelstein, R. S., & Krummel, M. F. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1936 · Cited by 234
Active cell migration is critical for steady-state epithelial turnover in the gut
Krndija, D., Marjou, F. E., Guirao, B., Richon, S., Leroy, O., Bellaı̈che, Y., Hannezo, É., & Vignjevic, D. M. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau3429 · Cited by 234
The Strength of Mechanical Forces Determines the Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Li, J., Wang, Z., Chu, Q., Jiang, K., Li, J., & Tang, N. (2018) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.008 · Cited by 232
Pérez-González, C., Ceada, G., Greco, F., Matejčić, M., Gómez-González, M., Castro, N., Menendez, A., Kale, S., Krndija, D., Clark, A. G., et al. (2021) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-021-00699-6 · Cited by 225
Mechanical Signals Trigger Myosin II Redistribution and Mesoderm Invagination in Drosophila Embryos
Pouille, P., Ahmadi, P., Brunet, A., & Farge, E. (2009) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000098 · Cited by 213
Morphogenesis and Compartmentalization of the Intestinal Crypt
Sumigray, K., Terwilliger, M., & Lechler, T. (2018) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.024 · Cited by 202
Furrow Constriction in Animal Cell Cytokinesis
Turlier, H., Audoly, B., Prost, J., & Joanny, J. (2014) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.014 · Cited by 190
Mouse models of MYH9-related disease: mutations in nonmuscle myosin II-A
Zhang, Y., Conti, M. A., Malide, D. A., Dong, F., Wang, A., Shmist, Y. A., Liu, C., Zerfas, P. M., Daniels, M. P., Chan, C., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-358853 · Cited by 185
Self-citationTissue curvature and apicobasal mechanical tension imbalance instruct cancer morphogenesis
Messal, H. A., Alt, S., Ferreira, R. M. M., Gribben, C., Wang, V. M.-Y., Cotoi, C. G., Salbreux, G., & Behrens, A. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0891-2 · Cited by 180
Rout, W. R., Formal, S. B., Giannella, R. A., & Dammin, G. J. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 175
Wells, J. M., & Spence, J. R. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.097386 · Cited by 174
Chabaud, M., Heuzé, M. L., Bretou, M., Vargas, P., Maiuri, P., Solanes, P., Maurin, M., Terriac, E., Berre, M. L., Lankar, D., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8526 · Cited by 173
Engineered Tissue Folding by Mechanical Compaction of the Mesenchyme
Hughes, A. J., Miyazaki, H., Coyle, M. C., Zhang, J., Laurie, M. T., Chu, D. B., Vavrušová, Z., Schneider, R. A., Klein, O. D., & Gartner, Z. J. (2017) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.12.004 · Cited by 173
Chauhan, B. K., Lou, M., Zheng, Y., & Lang, R. A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1108993108 · Cited by 170
Sui, L., Alt, S., WEIGERT, M. G., Dye, N. A., Eaton, S., Jug, F., Myers, E. W., Jülicher, F., Salbreux, G., & Dahmann, C. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06497-3 · Cited by 165
Boshuizen, J. A., Reimerink, J. H. J., Male, A. M. K.-V., van Ham, V. J. J., Koopmans, M., Büller, H. A., Dekker, J. P., & Einerhand, A. W. C. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.24.13005-13016.2003 · Cited by 163
Generation of intestinal surface: an absorbing tale
Walton, K. D., Freddo, A. M., Wang, S., & Gumucio, D. L. (2016) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.135400 · Cited by 159
Interface Contractility between Differently Fated Cells Drives Cell Elimination and Cyst Formation
Bielmeier, C., Alt, S., Weichselberger, V., Fortezza, M. L., Harz, H., Jülicher, F., Salbreux, G., & Classen, A.-K. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.063 · Cited by 143
Villification in the mouse: Bmp signals control intestinal villus patterning
Walton, K. D., Whidden, M. E., Kolterud, Å., Shoffner, S. K., Czerwinski, M. J., Kushwaha, J. S., Parmar, N., Chandhrasekhar, D., Freddo, A. M., Schnell, S. D., et al. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.130112 · Cited by 142
Passive Mechanical Forces Control Cell-Shape Change during Drosophila Ventral Furrow Formation
Polyakov, O., He, B., Swan, M., Shaevitz, J. W., Kaschube, M., & Wieschaus, E. F. (2014) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.07.013 · Cited by 127
Tales from the crypt: intestinal niche signals in tissue renewal, plasticity and cancer
Spit, M., Koo, B., & Maurice, M. M. (2018) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.180120 · Cited by 125
Odenwald, M. A., Choi, W., Kuo, W., Singh, G., Sailer, A., Wang, Y., Shen, L., Fanning, A. S., & Turner, J. R. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.003908 · Cited by 113
Human and mouse tissue-engineered small intestine both demonstrate digestive and absorptive function
Grant, C. N., Mojica, S. G., Sala, F. G., Hill, J. R., Levin, D. E., Speer, A. L., Barthel, E. R., Shimada, H., Zachos, N. C., & Grikscheit, T. C. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00111.2014 · Cited by 98
Rout, W. R., Formal, S. B., Dammin, G. J., & Giannella, R. A. (1974) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)32926-9 · Cited by 94
BMP signaling controls buckling forces to modulate looping morphogenesis of the gut
Nerurkar, N. L., Mahadevan, L., & Tabin, C. J. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1700307114 · Cited by 88
Integration of luminal pressure and signalling in tissue self-organization
Chan, C. J., & Hiiragi, T. (2020) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.181297 · Cited by 84
Self-citationCollective cell mechanics of epithelial shells with organoid-like morphologies
Rozman, J., Krajnc, M., & Ziherl, P. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17535-4 · Cited by 83
Curling of epithelial monolayers reveals coupling between active bending and tissue tension
Fouchard, J., Wyatt, T., Proag, A., Lisica, A., Khalilgharibi, N., Recho, P., Suzanne, M., Kabla, A., & Charras, G. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1917838117 · Cited by 83
The physics of organoids: a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis
Dahl-Jensen, S., & Grapin-Botton, A. (2017) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.143693 · Cited by 81
The cytoskeleton in development of epithelial cell polarity
Fath, K. R., Mamajiwalla, S. N., & Burgess, D. R. (1993) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.1993.supplement_17.10 · Cited by 79
Zhao, B. T., Qi, Z., Li, Y., Wang, C., Fu, W., & Chen, Y. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8166 · Cited by 67
Shape Transformations of Epithelial Shells
Misra, M., Audoly, B., Kevrekidis, I. G., & Shvartsman, S. Y. (2016) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2016.03.009 · Cited by 67
Three-dimensional vertex model for simulating multicellular morphogenesis
Okuda, S., Inoue, Y., & ADACHI, T. (2015) · Biophysics and Physicobiology · doi:10.2142/biophysico.12.0_13 · Cited by 62
Blueprint for an intestinal villus: Species‐specific assembly required
Walton, K. D., Mishkind, D., Riddle, M. R., Tabin, C. J., & Gumucio, D. L. (2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology · doi:10.1002/wdev.317 · Cited by 55
Quantitative Morphology of Epithelial Folds
Štorgel, N., Krajnc, M., Mrak, P., Štrus, J., & Ziherl, P. (2016) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.024 · Cited by 46
Apical constriction is necessary for crypt formation in small intestinal organoids
Hartl, L., Huelsz‐Prince, G., van Zon, J. S., & Tans, S. J. (2019) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.009 · Cited by 37
Quantifying Cell Shape and Gene Expression in the Shoot Apical Meristem Using MorphoGraphX
de Reuille, P. B., Robinson, S., & Smith, R. S. (2013) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-643-6_10 · Cited by 28
Yang, Q., Roiz, D., Mereu, L., Daube, M., & Hajnal, A. (2017) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.008 · Cited by 22
Self-citationSignals and forces shaping organogenesis of the small intestine
Wang, S., Walton, K. D., & Gumucio, D. L. (2019) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.001 · Cited by 19
Everything has its time: Id2 clocks embryonic specification of Lgr5+ gut stem cells
Kretzschmar, K., & Clevers, H. C. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201796482 · Cited by 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhao, Z., Chen, X., Dowbaj, A. M., Sljukic, A., Bratlie, K., Lin, L., Fong, E. L. S., Balachander, G. M., Chen, Z., Soragni, A., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Methods Primers · doi:10.1038/s43586-022-00174-y · Cited by 1,082
“Part f adapted from ref.(243), Springer Nature Limited.”
BackgroundSynthetic dynamic hydrogels promote degradation-independent in vitro organogenesis
Chrisnandy, A., Blondel, D., Rezakhani, S., Broguiere, N., & Lutolf, M. P. (2022) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01136-7 · Cited by 237
Pérez-González, C., Ceada, G., Greco, F., Matejčić, M., Gómez-González, M., Castro, N., Menendez, A., Kale, S., Krndija, D., Clark, A. G., et al. (2021) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-021-00699-6 · Cited by 225
Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales
Schamberger, B., Ziege, R., Anselme, K., Amar, M. B., Bykowski, M., Castro, A. P. G., Cipitria, A., Coles, R., Dimova, R., Eder, M., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202206110 · Cited by 174
Adherens junctions as molecular regulators of emergent tissue mechanics
Campàs, O., Noordstra, I., & Yap, A. S. (2024) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-023-00688-7 · Cited by 149
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, Q., Xue, S.-L., Chan, C. J., Rempfler, M., Vischi, D., Maurer-Gutierrez, F., Hiiragi, T., Hannezo, E., & Liberali, P.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich Miescher Institute (CH)
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (AT)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Qiutan
- Liberali, Prisca
- Venue
- Nature Cell Biology
- Published
- 2021-06-21
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 733-744
- ISSN
- 1465-7392 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4679
- PMC
- PMC7611267
- OpenAlex
- W3175754720
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 19
- FWCI
- 16.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (HORIZON2020, 758617)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (157531)
- Austrian Science Fund (P31639)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- intestinal organoids, actomyosin contraction, cell swelling, sodium-glucose cotransporter, enterocytes, cell fate, morphogenesis, biophysical model, mechanical robustness
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Movement, Cells, Cultured, Computer Simulation, Female, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Morphogenesis, Organoids, Osmotic Pressure, Stem Cells, Stress, Mechanical, Time Factors, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Video, Cell Lineage, Paneth Cells, Myosin Type II, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins, Mice, Osmoregulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
