The DOI matches its Crossref record; 229 of the 229 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metabolism of immune cells in cancer
Open accessAbstract
Through the successes of checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy, immunotherapy has become an established treatment modality for cancer. Cellular metabolism has emerged as a critical determinant of the viability and function of both cancer cells and immune cells. In order to sustain prodigious anabolic needs, tumours employ a specialized metabolism that differs from untransformed somatic cells. This metabolism leads to a tumour microenvironment that is commonly acidic, hypoxic and/or depleted of critical nutrients required by immune cells. In this context, tumour metabolism itself is a checkpoint that can limit immune-mediated tumour destruction. Because our understanding of immune cell metabolism and cancer metabolism has grown significantly in the past decade, we are on the cusp of being able to unravel the interaction of cancer cell metabolism and immune metabolism in therapeutically meaningful ways. Although there are metabolic processes that are seemingly fundamental to both cancer and responding immune cells, metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity may serve to distinguish the two. As such, understanding the differential metabolic requirements of the diverse cells that comprise an immune response to cancer offers an opportunity to selectively regulate immune cell function. Such a nuanced evaluation of cancer and immune metabolism can uncover metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic windows upon which to intervene for enhanced immunotherapy. This Review discusses our current understanding of adaptive and innate immune cell metabolism in the context of the tumour microenvironment, providing insight into the interaction of cancer cell metabolism and immune metabolism, as well as the potential for leveraging metabolic vulnerabilities to enhance the antitumour immune response.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, HIF-2α directly upregulates PD-L1 expression by binding to the HRE in the PD-L1 promoter in ccRCC cells (Fig. 2C) [73].”
From Revisiting the HIF switch in the tumor and its immune microenvironment. (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: mTORC1-Induced HK1-Dependent Glycolysis Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Moon, J.-S., Hisata, S., Park, M. A., DeNicola, G. M., Ryter, S. W., Nakahira, K., & Choi, A. M. K. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.046 · Cited by 379
Retracted5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies
Longley, D. B., Harkin, D. P., & Johnston, P. G. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1074 · Cited by 5,332
The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment
Martinez, F. O., & Gordon, S. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-13 · Cited by 4,689
Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1β through HIF-1α
Tannahill, G. M., Curtis, A. M., Adamik, J., Palsson-McDermott, E. M., McGettrick, A. F., Goel, G., Frezza, C., Bernard, N. J., Kelly, B., Foley, N. H., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11986 · Cited by 4,176
Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy
Gorrini, C., Harris, I. S., & Mak, T. W. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4002 · Cited by 3,579
Metabolic Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment Is a Driver of Cancer Progression
Chang, C.-H., Qiu, J., O’Sullivan, D., Buck, M. D., Noguchi, T., Curtis, J. D., Chen, Q., Gindin, M., Gubin, M. M., van der Windt, G. J. W., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.016 · Cited by 3,331
Functional Polarization of Tumour-Associated Macrophages by Tumour-Derived Lactic Acid
Colegio, O. R., Chu, N.-Q., Szabo, A. L., Chu, T., Rhebergen, A. M., Jairam, V., Cyrus, N., Brokowski, C. E., Eisenbarth, S. C., Phillips, G. M., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13490 · Cited by 3,046
Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease
Martínez-Reyes, I., & Chandel, N. S. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13668-3 · Cited by 2,813
Physiological Roles of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Sena, L. A., & Chandel, N. S. (2012) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.025 · Cited by 2,632
Prevention of Allogeneic Fetal Rejection by Tryptophan Catabolism
Munn, D. H., Zhou, M., Attwood, J. T., Bondarev, I. E., Conway, S. J., Marshall, B., Brown, C. C., & Mellor, A. L. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5380.1191 · Cited by 2,589
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics
Chen, S., Saeed, A. F. U. H., Liu, Q., Jiang, Q., Xu, H., Xiao, G. G., Rao, L., & Duo, Y. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01452-1 · Cited by 2,477
Cancer metabolism: looking forward
Martínez‐Reyes, I., & Chandel, N. S. (2021) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-021-00378-6 · Cited by 1,877
Xiong, J., He, J., Zhu, J., Pan, J., Liao, W., Ye, H., Wang, H., Song, Y., Du, Y. J., Cui, B., et al. (2022) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.033 · Cited by 839
Metabolic programming and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment
Arner, E. N., & Rathmell, J. C. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.009 · Cited by 715
Lei, G., Zhuang, L., & Gan, B. (2024) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2024.03.011 · Cited by 635
Metadata
- Authors
- Leone, R. D., & Powell, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Powell, Jonathan D.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cancer
- Published
- 2020-07-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 516-531
- ISSN
- 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1768
- PMC
- PMC8041116
- OpenAlex
- W3040651070
- Semantic Scholar
- 9e54633c23933564226222b58eee14bffccca97c
- Cited by
- 877
- References
- 228
- Citations by year
- 2026: 137 · 2025: 168 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 185 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA229451, R01CA226765)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI077610)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- immune cell metabolism, cancer metabolism, tumor microenvironment, tumor acidosis, tumor hypoxia, nutrient depletion, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, metabolic heterogeneity, metabolic plasticity, metabolic vulnerability, immunotherapy, antitumor immunity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immune System, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Tumor Microenvironment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
