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Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era
Open accessAbstract
Biomarkers are crucial biological indicators in medical diagnostics and therapy. However, the process of biomarker discovery and validation is hindered by a lack of standardized protocols for analytical studies, storage and sample collection. Wearable chemical sensors provide a real-time, non-invasive alternative to typical laboratory blood analysis, and are an effective tool for exploring novel biomarkers in alternative body fluids, such as sweat, saliva, tears and interstitial fluid. These devices may enable remote at-home personalized health monitoring and substantially reduce the healthcare costs. This Review introduces criteria, strategies and technologies involved in biomarker discovery using wearable chemical sensors. Electrochemical and optical detection techniques are discussed, along with the materials and system-level considerations for wearable chemical sensors. Lastly, this Review describes how the large sets of temporal data collected by wearable sensors, coupled with modern data analysis approaches, would open the door for discovering new biomarkers towards precision medicine.
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Fully integrated wearable control system for micro/nanorobot navigation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sempionatto, J. R., Lasalde-Ramírez, J. A., Mahato, K., Wang, J., & Gao, W.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Joseph
- Gao, Wei
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Chemistry
- Published
- 2022-11-15
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 899-915
- ISSN
- 2397-3358 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9666953
- OpenAlex
- W4309083869
- Cited by
- 613
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 140 · 2025: 213 · 2024: 158 · 2023: 102
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (2145802)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX16AO69A, NASA NNX16AO69A)
- Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (T31IP1666)
- National Institutes of Health
- University of California, San Diego
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL155815)
- Office of Naval Research (N00014‐21‐1‐2845, T31IP1666, N00014‐21‐1‐2483, N00014)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Keywords
- biomarker discovery, non-invasive biomarkers, sweat, saliva, tears, interstitial fluid, electrochemical sensor, optical sensors, remote patient monitoring, precision medicine
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Body Fluids, Sweat, Biosensing Techniques, Biomarkers
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