The DOI matches its Crossref record; 258 of the 261 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) still remain incompletely understood. Metformin is thought to exert its primary antidiabetic action through the suppression of hepatic glucose production. In addition, the discovery that metformin inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 has placed energy metabolism and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at the centre of its proposed mechanism of action. However, the role of AMPK has been challenged and might only account for indirect changes in hepatic insulin sensitivity. Various mechanisms involving alterations in cellular energy charge, AMP-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase or fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 and modulation of the cellular redox state through direct inhibition of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been proposed for the acute inhibition of gluconeogenesis by metformin. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin could improve obesity-induced meta-inflammation via direct and indirect effects on tissue-resident immune cells in metabolic organs (that is, adipose tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the liver). Furthermore, the gastrointestinal tract also has a major role in metformin action through modulation of glucose-lowering hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and the intestinal bile acid pool and alterations in gut microbiota composition.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A considerable number of studies have also found that metformin decreases fasting plasma glucose (PG) concentration and hemoglobin A1c by conserving the β-cell function or by decreasing liver glucose production (hepatic gluconeogenesis) (181–184).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
Citations
Cites
Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
Gibson, G. R., & Roberfroid, M. B. (1995) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/125.6.1401 · Cited by 7,659
A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
Qin, J., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Liang, S., Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Shen, D., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11450 · Cited by 6,762
Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mechanism of Metformin Action
Zhou, G., Myers, R., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Shen, X., Fenyk-Melody, J., Wu, M., Ventre, J., Doebber, T., Fujii, N., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13505 · Cited by 5,652
Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., & Saltiel, A. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29881 · Cited by 4,664
Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity
Everard, A., Belzer, C., Geurts, L., Ouwerkerk, J. P., Druart, C., Bindels, L. B., Guiot, Y., Derrien, M., Muccioli, G. G., Delzenne, N. M., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110 · Cited by 4,511
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0033 · Cited by 3,518
Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
Karlsson, F. H., Tremaroli, V., Nookaew, I., Bergström, G., Behre, C. J., Fagerberg, B., Nielsen, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12198 · Cited by 3,115
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D.-J., & Hylemon, P. B. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r500013-jlr200 · Cited by 2,829
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 721
Geng, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, X., Sun, X., Dong, X., Luo, Y., & Sun, X. (2023) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2023.08.001 · Cited by 13
Budoff, M. J., Davis, T. M. E., Palmer, A. G., Frederich, R. C., Lawrence, D. E., Liu, J., Gantz, I., & Derosa, G. (2021) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01033-x · Cited by 13
Pilmark, N. S., Oberholzer, L., Halling, J. F., Kristensen, J. M., Petersen-Bønding, C., Elkjær, I., Lyngbæk, M. P. P., Legaard, G. E., Siebenmann, C., Holm, N. F. R., et al. (2021) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0194 · Cited by 13
Dinesh, S., Sharma, S., & Chourasiya, R. (2023) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399819666230505140206 · Cited by 12
Kosheleva, L., Koshelev, D., Lagunas‐Rangel, F. A., Levit, S., Rabinovitch, A., & Schiöth, H. B. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100044 · Cited by 12
Park, J. H., Jung, K. H., Jia, D., Yang, S., Attri, K. S., Ahn, S., Murthy, D., Samanta, T., Dutta, D., Ghidey, M., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101941 · Cited by 13
Godet, M., Meugnier, E., Vitalis, O., Bendridi, N., Vieille‐Marchiset, A., Véga, N., Benoit, B., Pinteur, C., Rainteau, D. P., Cheillan, D., et al. (2025) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102263 · Cited by 12
The complex interplay between diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation
Yildiz, M., Lavie, C. J., Morin, D. P., & Oktay, A. A. (2022) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2022.2115357 · Cited by 12
Yu, X., Tao, J., Wu, Y., Chen, Y., Li, P., Yang, F., Tang, M., Sammad, A., Yu, T., Xu, Y., et al. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0124 · Cited by 12
Hung, W., Peng, P., Tsai, Y., Jhou, P.-S., Chang, C.-C., Hsieh, C.-C., Su, Y., Dai, C., & Hung, W. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108731 · Cited by 12
Wang, R., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Shi, F., Zhou, Q., Wu, J., Lyu, S., & Song, Q. (2022) · Breast Cancer Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/bctt.s384702 · Cited by 12
Nation-Wide Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Assessment of Metformin Usage in China: 2014–2020
Zheng, Q., Du, P., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhu, Z., Huang, J., Wang, Z., Hall, W., Dang, A. K., Wang, D., et al. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00489 · Cited by 12
Abulaban, A. A., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Ahmed, E., Alruwaili, M., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. E. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70067 · Cited by 11
He, Z., Teng, F., Yang, Y., Guo, R., Wu, M., Han, F., Tian, H., Wang, J., Hu, Y., Jiang, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01710-6 · Cited by 14
First pregnancy risk factors and future gestational diabetes mellitus
Yoles, I., Sheiner, E., & Wainstock, T. (2021) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-021-06024-8 · Cited by 11
Azimian, L., Weerasuriya, N. M., Munasinghe, R., Song, S., Lin, C., & You, L. (2023) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.3778 · Cited by 11
Combine Therapy of Gallic Acid and Allicin in Management of Diabetes
Kumar, R., Sood, P., Rana, V., & Prajapati, A. K. (2023) · Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology · doi:10.55544/jrasb.2.3.12 · Cited by 11
NDUFA4 promotes the progression of head and neck paraganglioma by inhibiting ferroptosis
Wang, Z., Tao, E., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Liu, M., Wei, L., Xu, S., Chen, W., & Zhong, C. (2023) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-2023-0018 · Cited by 11
Ge, R., Sun, C., Su, J., Tian, M., Qiao, Y., Li, J., Du, J., Wei, W., Yang, S., Wu, C., et al. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02984 · Cited by 11
Carrillo, B. J., Sivasengh, R., Johnstone, A. M., & Gabriel, B. M. (2024) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665124007493 · Cited by 11
Zepeda-Carrillo, E. A., Ramos-López, O., Martínez‐López, E., Barrón‐Cabrera, E., Bernal-Pérez, J. A., González, L. E. V., Rangel-Rios, E., Martínez, J. F. B., & Torres‐Valadez, R. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s354579 · Cited by 11
Research Progress on the Use of Metformin in Leukemia Treatment
Wang, Q., & Wei, X. (2024) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-024-01179-3 · Cited by 12
Chen, J., Wu, Y., Hao, W., You, J. E., & Wu, L. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115188 · Cited by 10
Zhang, Y., Wang, A., Zhao, W., Qin, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, B., Yao, C., Long, J., Yuan, M., & Yan, D. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2450871 · Cited by 10
Sun, C., Su, J., Wang, Z., Liu, C., Yi, X., Chen, W., Zhang, D., & Yu, A. (2025) · Regenerative Biomaterials · doi:10.1093/rb/rbaf075 · Cited by 10
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Cheng, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zheng, S., Zhang, N., Li, B., Liu, F., & Jiao, Y. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c07346 · Cited by 10
Cano, L., Soto-Ospina, A., Marín, P. A., Caro-Gomez, M. A., Parra, M. V., Bedoya, G., & Duque, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.587590 · Cited by 10
Seo, D. S., Joo, S., Baek, S., Kang, J., Kwon, T. K., & Jang, Y. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14051014 · Cited by 11
Kazeminasab, F., Baharlooie, M., Rezazadeh, H., Soltani, N., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2023) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114340 · Cited by 10
Elizalde-Velázquez, G. A., Herrera-Vázquez, S. E., Gómez‐Oliván, L. M., & García-Medina, S. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140070 · Cited by 10
Villalva-Pérez, J. M., Ramírez‐Vargas, M. A., Serafín-Fabián, J. I., Ramı́rez, M., Moreno‐Godínez, M. E., Espinoza-Rojo, M., & Flores‐Alfaro, E. (2020) · Cytotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10616-020-00398-4 · Cited by 10
Kuhlmann, I. B., Pedersen, S. A., Esbech, P. S., Stage, T. B., Christensen, M. M. H., & Brøsen, K. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14591 · Cited by 10
Wilkin, C., Colonval, M., Dehairs, J., Esser, N., Iovino, M., Gianfrancesco, M. A., Fadeur, M., Swinnen, J. V., Paquot, N., Piette, J. G., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103461 · Cited by 10
Elevated CD4+ T-cell glucose metabolism in HIV+ women with diabetes mellitus
Butterfield, T. R., Hanna, D. B., Kaplan, R. C., Xue, X., Kizer, J. R., Durkin, H. G., Kassaye, S., Nowicki, M., Tien, P. C., Topper, E., et al. (2022) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000003272 · Cited by 10
Yang, S.-E., Lin, Y. F., Liao, J., Chen, J., Chen, C., Chen, C.-I., Hsu, S., & Song, T. (2022) · The Chinese Journal of Physiology · doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_88_21 · Cited by 10
Johanns, M., Corbet, C., Jacobs, R., Drappier, M., Bommer, G. T., Herinckx, G., Vertommen, D., Tajeddine, N., Young, D., Messens, J., et al. (2022) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20220170 · Cited by 9
Metabolic complications of glucocorticoids – Prevention by metformin
Sanpawithayakul, K., & Korbonits, M. (2023) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2023.05.002 · Cited by 9
Omoruyi, S. I., Delport, J., Kangwa, T. S., Rahman, Z., Hussein, A. A., Lorke, D. E., & Ekpo, O. E. (2024) · Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13596-023-00738-7 · Cited by 9
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: current data (review of literature and own data)
Pashkovska, N. V., & Tsaryk, I. (2024) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.20.3.2024.1384 · Cited by 9
Mitigating Ibrutinib‐Induced Ventricular Arrhythmia and Cardiac Dysfunction With Metformin
Li, P., Liu, D., Gao, P., Yuan, M., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Q., Yuan, M., Liu, X., et al. (2024) · Cancer Innovation · doi:10.1002/cai2.151 · Cited by 10
Geranmayeh, M. H., Rahbarghazi, R., Saeedi, N., & Farhoudi, M. (2022) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2021.2018928 · Cited by 9
Mei, J., Tian, H., Huang, H.-S., Wu, N., Liou, Y., Chu, T., Wang, J., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2022.2109362 · Cited by 9
Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak, S., Fatyga, E., Piłot, M., Wierzgoń, A., & Muc‐Wierzgoń, M. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s377856 · Cited by 9
Zaongo, S. D., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002493 · Cited by 9
Proteomic analysis of liver mitochondria of db/db mice treated with grape seed procyanidin B2
Yu, F., Li, B., Yin, M., Lu, W., Li, X. G., Cheng, M., & Gao, H. (2020) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.13443 · Cited by 9
Intestinal glucose excretion: A potential mechanism for glycemic control
Ke, Z., Lu, Z., Li, Q., & Tong, W. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155743 · Cited by 8
Wang, J., Qu, J., Ye, M., Feng, R., Hui, X., Yang, X., Jin, J., Tong, Q., Zhang, X., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101416 · Cited by 8
Latent autoimmune diabetes in youth
Sun, Q., Yang, M., Jing, Y., Meng, L., Zhang, C., Ruan, J., & Wu, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1691377 · Cited by 8
AMPfret: synthetic nanosensor for cellular energy states
Crocker, H., Pelosse, M., Schlattner, U., & Berger, I. (2020) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20190347 · Cited by 8
Xu, J., Zhu, Q.-L., Bi, Y.-M., & Peng, Y. (2024) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-024-12453-w · Cited by 10
Al-Isawi, Z. J. K., & Madhag, Z. S. (2024) · Journal of Medicine and Life · doi:10.25122/jml-2023-0301 · Cited by 8
Tian, X., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Zhang, K., Ge, X., Luo, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhai, X., & Li, C. (2024) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s492626 · Cited by 8
Simone, E. D., Pozzato, M., Marchisio, M., Quattrocchio, G., Zoppo, M., Gervasi, L., & Roccatello, D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87624-1 · Cited by 8
Su, J., Dong, X., Xu, C., Wang, Z., Liu, C., Yang, H., Zhang, D., & Yu, A. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202500586 · Cited by 8
Liu, R., Ding, Y., Xu, Y., Wu, Q., Chen, Y., Yan, G., Yin, D., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17050663 · Cited by 8
Kuhlmann, I. B., Nyrup, A. N., Stage, T. B., Christensen, M. M. H., Bergmann, T. K., Damkier, P., Nielsen, F., Højlund, K., & Brøsen, K. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/cts.13107 · Cited by 8
Deciphering metformin action in obese mice: A critical re-evaluation of established protocols
Kaplanian, M., Philippe, C., Eid, S. A., Hackl, M. T., Metz, M., Beghini, M., Luca, A. C., Kautzky‐Willer, A., Scherer, T., & Fürnsinn, C. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154956 · Cited by 8
Therapeutic applications of nanomedicine in metabolic diseases by targeting the endothelium
Hou, L., Zhang, M., Liu, L., Zhong, Q., Xie, M., & Zhao, G. (2022) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcac210 · Cited by 8
Dietary administration with hydrolyzed silk sericin improves the intestinal health of diabetic rats
Zhou, W., Weng, Y., Liu, Q., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., & Ye, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1074892 · Cited by 8
Role of antidiabetic agents in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease
Lin, W.-R., Liu, K., Ling, T., Wang, M., & Lin, W. (2023) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.352 · Cited by 8
Zhang, J., Li, H., Sun, R., Cao, Z., Huang, J., Jiang, Y., Mo, M., Luo, L., Guo, Q., Chen, Q., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23731 · Cited by 8
Mitra, A., Das, A., Ghosh, S., Sarkar, S., Bandyopadhyay, D., Gangopadhyay, S., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167313 · Cited by 8
Energy Metabolism and Metformin: Effects on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation
Nemeth, D. V., Iannelli, L., Gangitano, E., D’Andrea, V., & Bellini, M. I. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12071534 · Cited by 8
Nguyen, M. T., Choe, H., Kim, B., & Ahn, S. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174859 · Cited by 8
Severe metabolic acidosis due to massive metformin overdose in a man: a case report
Manouchehri, A., Rashidian, H., & Zakariaei, Z. (2023) · Oxford Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1093/omcr/omad049 · Cited by 8
Bacteria transmit metformin-associated lifespan extension
MacNeil, L. T., Schertzer, J. D., & Steinberg, G. R. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0278-3 · Cited by 8
Metformin again? Atheroprotection mediated by macrophage AMPK and ATF1
Salt, I. P., Nunes, J. R. C., & Fullerton, M. D. (2021) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvab065 · Cited by 8
Shamim, T., Asif, H. M., Ejaz, S. A., Hussain, Z., Wani, T. A., Sumreen, L., Abdullah, M., Ahmed, Z., Iqbal, J., Kim, S. J., et al. (2024) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.202301858 · Cited by 7
Dehdashtian, S., Wang, S., & Murray, T. A. (2025) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors13030082 · Cited by 7
Dunvald, A. D., Nielsen, F., Olsen, D. A., Ernst, M. T., Donnelly, L. A., Soto‐Pedre, E., Kristiansen, M. R., Nielsen, J. S., Persson, F., Højlund, K., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.15725 · Cited by 7
Hossain, M. S., Roney, M., Yunus, M. Y. B. M., & Shariffuddin, J. H. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2276889 · Cited by 7
Teng, M., Li, Z., Gu, Y., Fan, Y., Wang, D., Liu, M., Li, Y., Wei, G., & Huang, Y. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149383 · Cited by 7
Xiang, M., Yuan, X., Zhang, N., Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Gao, Y., Xu, Y., Sun, W., Tang, Q., et al. (2023) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-023-01001-y · Cited by 7
Insulin resistance and stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Pashkovska, N. V., & Pashkovskyy, V. M. (2024) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.20.1.2024.1367 · Cited by 7
The effect of metformin on glucose metabolism in patients receiving glucocorticoids
Landis, D. M., Sutter, A., Fernandez, F., & NUGENT, K. M. (2022) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2022.04.027 · Cited by 7
Metformin Treatment Modulates Long Non-Coding RNA Isoforms Expression in Human Cells
Mamede, I., Dias, T. L., Queiroz, L. R., de Melo, A. G. B., Machado, C. R., Gomes, K. B., de Souza, R. P., Luizon, M. R., & Franco, G. R. (2022) · Non-Coding RNA · doi:10.3390/ncrna8050068 · Cited by 7
AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) channel: A Global Bibliometric analysis From 2012 to 2021
Lyu, T., Tian, C., Tan, T., Lyu, J., Kang, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, R., Zhang, C., Liu, M., & Wei, Y. (2022) · Channels · doi:10.1080/19336950.2022.2049543 · Cited by 7
Cheng, D., Ding, J., Zhang, B., Liu, S., Zhang, X., Xie, C. W., Zhang, Y., Gao, Z., Zhang, F., Song, E., et al. (2026) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c15461 · Cited by 6
Molecular Dialogues in the Mitochondria–Microbiome Crosstalk: Metabolites, Signaling, and Immunity
Tenchov, R. (2026) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cph4.70164 · Cited by 6
Kim, H., Kim, C. O., Park, H., Park, M. S., Kim, D., Hong, T., Shin, Y., & Jin, B. H. (2023) · Translational and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.12793/tcp.2023.31.e4 · Cited by 6
Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel): A comprehensive review of its anti-diabetic properties
Ncube, N. H., & Gupta, J. (2025) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_630_24 · Cited by 6
Molecular Biomarkers and Therapeutic Approach of Patients with Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Elian, V., Popovici, V., Steriade, A. T., Radulian, G., Ozon, E. A., Moroșan, E., & Muşat, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262010234 · Cited by 6
The role of dysregulated copper metabolism in diabetes and its complications: a review
Wang, C., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Huang, C., Wei, M., Zhang, Y., Shen, R., & Wang, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1681001 · Cited by 6
Wang, W., Li, X., Chen, F., Wei, R., Chen, Z., Li, J., Qiao, J., Pan, Q., Yang, W., & Guo, L. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102936 · Cited by 6
Electroporation enhances cell death in 3D scaffold-based MDA-MB-231 cells treated with metformin
Sahu, P., Camarillo, I. G., Dettin, M., Zamuner, A., Conconi, M. T., Barozzi, M., Giri, P., Sundararajan, R., & Sieni, E. (2024) · Bioelectrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108734 · Cited by 6
Ferric ions crosslinked hyaluronic acid beads: potentials for drug delivery use
Mashaqbeh, H., Obaidat, R., Rezigue, M. M., Omari, D. M., & Shakhatreh, G. (2024) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.1080/03639045.2024.2422497 · Cited by 6
Effects of antidiabetic drugs that cause glucose excretion directly from the body on mortality
Shintani, H., & Shintani, T. (2020) · Medicine in Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100062 · Cited by 6
Inflammation and immunological disarrays are associated with acute exercise in type 2 diabetes
Mansouri, V., Vafaee, R., Maram, M. M., Bandarian, F., Sarabi, P., Razi, F., Razzaghi, Z., Tavirani, M. R., Karimi, H., & Rezaei–Tavirani, M. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-024-01417-3 · Cited by 6
Leonotis Leonurus improves the crosstalk between peripheral tissues both in vivo and in vitro
Odei-Addo, F., Ramlugon, S., Levendal, R. ‐., & Frost, C. L. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113609 · Cited by 6
Martirosyan, D. M., Mirmiranpour, H., Ghomi, H., Ashoori, M. R., & Rezaeinezhad, A. (2021) · Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease · doi:10.31989/bchd.v4i2.783 · Cited by 6
A practical review of diabetes mellitus type 2 treatment in primary care
Call, J. T., Cortés, P., & Harris, D. M. (2021) · Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.2478/rjim-2021-0031 · Cited by 6
Kjøbsted, R., Kristensen, J. M., Birk, J. B., Eskesen, N. O., Kido, K., Andersen, N. R., Larsen, J. K., Foretz, M., Viollet, B., Nielsen, F., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.22.492936 · Cited by 6
Self-citationMetformin alleviates inflammatory responses in acute allergic asthma by inhibiting ILC2s function
Liu, Z., Jing, X., Lu, Y., Jiang, Z., Lu, Y., Peng, J., Xu, X., Liu, H., Ren, L., & Tang, H. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114897 · Cited by 6
Metformin: An Old Drug with New Tricks—Promising Role in Vascular Aging and Cardioprotection
Sivakumar, R., Senghor, K. A. A., Vinodhini, V. M., & Kumar, J. S. (2025) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-025-01215-3 · Cited by 5
Non-oncologic to oncologic drug: A systematic review of drug repurposing in cancer
Dhanush, Y., & Ganesh, V. S. (2025) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-025-04822-4 · Cited by 5
Yao, Q., Liu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Xie, H., Xie, C., & Gao, H. (2026) · Biological Research · doi:10.1186/s40659-025-00665-8 · Cited by 5
Pioneers: Glucose Sensing and Control of Health-span and Lifespan
Lin, S. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2026.169634 · Cited by 5
The polygenic, omnigenic and stratagenic models of complex disease risk
García‐González, J., & O’Reilly, P. F. (2026) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02467-w · Cited by 5
Sazdova, I., Gagov, H., Hadzi‐Petrushev, N., Konaktchieva, M. N., Konakchieva, R., & Mladenov, M. I. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16063027 · Cited by 5
Targeting metabolism in the management of PCOS: Metformin and beyond
Oğuz, S. H., Şendur, S. N., Ünlütürk, U., & Yıldız, B. O. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823045-9.00006-7 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Foretz, M., Guigas, B., & Viollet, B.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2019-08-22
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 569-589
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- OpenAlex
- W2969928163
- Cited by
- 686
- References
- 261
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- inserm.hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- metformin, type 2 diabetes, glucoregulation, hepatic glucose production, gluconeogenesis, AMPK, mitochondrial complex I inhibition, hepatic insulin sensitivity, adenylate cyclase inhibition, FBP1, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, redox state, meta-inflammation, obesity, gut microbiota, glucagon-like peptide-1, bile acids
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Electron Transport, Glucose, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Metformin, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
