The DOI matches its Crossref record; 223 of the 230 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
11-Oxygenated androgens in health and disease
Open accessAbstract
The adrenal gland is a source of sex steroid precursors, and its activity is particularly relevant during fetal development and adrenarche. Following puberty, the synthesis of androgens by the adrenal gland has been considered of little physiologic importance. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate, DHEAS, are the major adrenal androgen precursors, but they are biologically inactive. The second most abundant unconjugated androgen produced by the human adrenals is 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4). 11-Ketotestosterone, a downstream metabolite of 11OHA4 (which is mostly produced in peripheral tissues), and its 5α-reduced product, 11-ketodihydrotestosterone, are bioactive androgens, with potencies equivalent to those of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. These adrenal-derived androgens all share an oxygen atom on carbon 11, so we have collectively termed them 11-oxyandrogens. Over the past decade, these androgens have emerged as major components of several disorders of androgen excess, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as in androgen-dependent tumours, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer. Moreover, in contrast to the more extensively studied, traditional androgens, circulating concentrations of 11-oxyandrogens do not demonstrate an age-dependent decline. This Review focuses on the rapidly expanding knowledge regarding the implications of 11-oxyandrogens in human physiology and disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Adrenalspecific metabolites such as 21-deoxycortisol (387) and 11-oxygenated androgens (86) may provide more direct evidence for adrenal androgen production in CAH.”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
In the citing paper
“These under-recognized 11-oxygenated adrenal metabolites are bioactive, dominant steroids in CAH15,20,49,50.”
From Management challenges and therapeutic advances in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–223 of 223
Kim, S.-H., Moon, J.-Y., Sasano, H., Choi, M. H., & Park, M.-J. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2515 · Cited by 27
Evidence of metabolic syndrome in lean children with premature pubarche at diagnosis
Mathew, R. P., Byrne, D. W., Linton, M. F., Vaughan, D. E., Fazio, S., & Russell, W. E. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.010 · Cited by 26
BIOSYNTHESIS OF 11β-HYDROXYANDROSTENEDIONE BY HUMAN AND BABOON ADRENALS
Axelrod, L. R., Kraemer, D. C., Burdett, J. E., & Goldzieher, J. W. (1973) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0720545 · Cited by 26
Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate metabolism in human genital skin
KAUFMAN, F. R., Stanczyk, F. Z., Matteri, R. K., Gentzschein, E., Delgado, C., & Løbo, R. A. (1990) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53698-x · Cited by 26
Premature Adrenarche Leads to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
Κousta, E. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1365.013 · Cited by 25
Regulation of Adrenal Cell-Differentiated Functions by Growth Factors
Penhoat, A., Rainey, W. E., Viard, I., & Saez, J. M. (2008) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000184143 · Cited by 25
Self-citationRegulation of the biosynthesis of steroidogenic enzymes
Simpson, E. R., Mason, J. I., John, M. E., Zuber, M. X., Rodgers, R. J., & Waterman, M. R. (1987) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(87)90152-x · Cited by 25
Małunowicz, E., Romer, T. E., Urban, M. D., & Bossowski, A. T. (2003) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000069326 · Cited by 24
Pagé, N., Warriar, N., & Govindan, M. V. (1994) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90008-6 · Cited by 22
3βHSD and CYB5A double positive adrenocortical cells during adrenal development/aging
Nakamura, Y., Fujishima, F., Hui, X.-G., Felizola, S. J. A., Shibahara, Y., Akahira, J., McNamara, K. M., Rainey, W. E., & Sasano, H. (2014) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.3109/07435800.2014.895377 · Cited by 20
Self-citationFranco, M. R. H., Dewailly, D., Decanter, C., Knochenhauer, E. S., Boots, L. R., & Azziz, R. (1999) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00402-1 · Cited by 19
The Association between Premature Adrenarche and Cardiovascular Risk May Be Greater than Expected
Çelik, N., Alp, H., Çamtosun, E., Alp, E., Çelik, S., & Berk, E. (2016) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000452445 · Cited by 19
Serum androgen bioactivity is low in children with premature adrenarche
Liimatta, J., Laakso, S. M., Utriainen, P., Voutilainen, R., Palvimo, J. J., Jääskeläinen, T. J., & Jääskeläinen, J. (2014) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2014.21 · Cited by 18
Buster, J. E., Abraham, G. E., KYLE, F. W., & Marshall, J. R. (1974) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-38-6-1038 · Cited by 17
Şıklar, Z., Öçal, G., Adıyaman, P., Ergür, A. T., & Berberoğlu, M. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2007.20.4.475 · Cited by 16
Toscano, V., Balducci, R., Adamo, M. V., Mangiantini, A., Cives, C., & Boscherini, B. (1989) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(89)90271-9 · Cited by 16
Biological Activity of 9 -Fluoro-ll -Hydroxy- 4-Androstene-3,17-Dione.
ROSEMBERG, E., & Dorfman, R. I. (1958) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-99-24342 · Cited by 14
Elevated Urinary Testosterone and Androstanediol in Precocious Adrenarche
Doberne, Y., Levine, L. S., & New, M. I. (1975) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197510000-00010 · Cited by 13
Inactivating PAPSS2 Mutations in a Patient with Premature Pubarche
Eugster, E. A. (2009) · Yearbook of Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0084-3741(09)79411-9 · Cited by 13
Androgenic Activity of Highly Purified 5α-Androstane and 5α-Androstan-17β-ol
Dorfman, R. I., Rooks, W. H., Jones, J. B., & Leman, J. D. (1966) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm00324a030 · Cited by 11
Ibrahim, F., Giton, F., Boudou, P., Villette, J., Julien, R., Galons, H., & Fiet, J. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00077-3 · Cited by 10
Vaiani, E., Maceiras, M., Chaler, E., Lazzati, J. M., Chiavero, M., Novelle, C., Rivarola, M., & Belgorosky, A. (2014) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000368318 · Cited by 8
Biological activity of 9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-delta 4-androstene-3, 17-dione.
ROSEMBERG, E., & DORFMAN, R. I. (1958) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Thomas, J. L., Myers, R. P. & Strickler, R. C. Human placental 3β-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase and steroid 5/4-ene-isomerase: purification from mitochondria and kinetic profiles, biophysical characterization of the purified mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes. J. Steroid Biochem. 33, 209–217 (1989). · DOI · Paper page
- Fluck, C. E., Miller, W. L. & Auchus, R. J. The 17,20-lyase activity of cytochrome p450c17 from human fetal testis favors the Δ5 steroidogenic pathway. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 3762–3766 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management
Claahsen - van der Grinten, H. L., Speiser, P. W., Ahmed, S. F., Arlt, W., Auchus, R. J., Falhammar, H., Flück, C. E., Guasti, L., Huebner, A., Kortmann, B. B. M., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab016 · Cited by 556
Self-citationBasics of androgen synthesis and action
Elzenaty, R. N., du Toit, T., & Flück, C. E. (2022) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2022.101665 · Cited by 218
Normal and Premature Adrenarche
Rosenfield, R. L. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab009 · Cited by 170
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Oxidative Stress—From Bench to Bedside
Żeber‐Lubecka, N., Ciebiera, M., & Hennig, E. E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241814126 · Cited by 162
The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health
Alemany, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911952 · Cited by 150
Metadata
- Authors
- Turcu, A. F., Rege, J., Auchus, R. J., & Rainey, W. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turcu, Adina F.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2020-03-16
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 284-296
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- PMC
- PMC7881526
- OpenAlex
- W3010961934
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 230
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM086596)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08DK109116, R01DK069950, R01DK043140)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- adrenal androgens, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, premature adrenarche, polycystic ovary syndrome, castration-resistant prostate cancer, adrenal steroidogenesis, fetal development, adrenarche
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Glands, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, Androgens, Endocrine System Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Oxygen, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Prostatic Neoplasms, Puberty, Precocious
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
