Clinical significance of 11-oxygenated androgens
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The adrenal gland is considered a source of weak androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and androstenedione. Emerging evidence proposes a set of 11-oxygenated 19-carbon (11oxC19) adrenal-derived steroids as clinically important androgens. Such steroids include 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketoandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone. The present review will discuss the synthesis, androgenic activity, and clinical implications of the 11oxC19 steroids. RECENT FINDINGS: The clinical relevance of the 11oxC19 steroids resides in two key characteristics: the synthesis of all 11oxC19 originates predominantly in the adrenal cortex, and 11-ketotestosterone and its 5α-reduced metabolite, 11-ketodihydrotestosterone are potent agonists of the human androgen receptor, similar to the classic androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, respectively. Recent studies have demonstrated higher than normal circulating levels of 11oxC19 steroids in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and in polycystic ovary syndrome. The 11oxC19 steroids are also thought to contribute to castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. In addition, the 11oxC19 steroids might have clinical implications in adrenarche and postmenopausal women. SUMMARY: Future prospective studies are needed to establish the clinical utility of the 11oxC19 steroids for individualized patient care. Preliminary data suggest that these biomarkers hold promise to improve the evaluation and management of androgen excess disorders.
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Measuring 11-oxo-androgens shows promise as a method to assess for hyperandrogenism.
“Measuring 11-oxo-androgens shows promise as a method to assess for hyperandrogenism [144, 145].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [144]
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- Authors
- Turcu, A. F., & Auchus, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Auchus, Richard J.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 252-259
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- 1752-2978
- PMC
- PMC5819755
- OpenAlex
- W2590383052
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM086596)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08DK109116)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- 11-oxygenated androgens, adrenal cortex, 11-ketotestosterone, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, castration-resistant prostate cancer, adrenarche, postmenopausal women, steroid synthesis
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine, Female, Humans, Male, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Predictive Value of Tests, Prostatic Neoplasms, Testosterone, Biomarkers, Patient-Centered Care, Precision Medicine
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