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Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin — the link between energy balance and reproduction
Open accessAbstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre of reproductive function. These neurons are subjected to a plethora of regulatory factors that ultimately affect the release of kisspeptin, which modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from GnRH neurons to control the reproductive axis. The presence of sufficient energy reserves is critical to achieve successful reproduction. Consequently, metabolic factors impose a very tight control over kisspeptin synthesis and release. This Review offers a synoptic overview of the different steps in which kisspeptin neurons are subjected to metabolic regulation, from early developmental stages to adulthood. We cover an ample array of known mechanisms that underlie the metabolic regulation of KISS1 expression and kisspeptin release. Furthermore, the novel role of kisspeptin neurons as active players within the neuronal circuits that govern energy balance is discussed, offering evidence of a bidirectional role of these neurons as a nexus between metabolism and reproduction.
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“The threshold for downregulation of kisspeptin signaling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons has a greater sensitivity in females than in males [132]”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [132]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Navarro, V. M.
- ORCID
- Navarro, Víctor M.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2020-05-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 407-420
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- PMC
- PMC8852368
- OpenAlex
- W3028029900
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 4.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD099084, R01HD090151, R21HD095383)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- kisspeptin, kisspeptin neurons, hypothalamus, energy balance, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, reproductive axis, neural circuits
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dynorphins, Energy Metabolism, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Neurons, Ovary, Puberty, Reproduction, Neurokinin B, Kisspeptins
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