Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine
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Evidence for a possible route for DNA demethylation in animals is suggested.
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TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine.
“TET proteins can oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formyl cytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) (He et al., 2011; Ito et al., 2011; Tahiliani et al., 2009).”
From Influence of Metabolism on Epigenetics and Disease (2013) · cites this paper as Ito et al., 2011
TET-catalyzed oxidation of 5mC followed by decarboxylation or base excision is strongly suspected to contribute to DNA demethylation.
“TET-catalyzed oxidation of 5mC followed by decarboxylation or base excision is strongly suspected of contributing to DNA demethylation (Cortellino et al., 2011; He et al., 2011; Ito et al., 2011), yet there are currently conflicting reports regarding the effect of TET inactivation on global DNA methylation patterns in somatic cells (Figueroa et al., 2010; Ko et al., 2010; Yamazaki et al., 2012).”
From Influence of Metabolism on Epigenetics and Disease (2013) · cites this paper as Ito et al., 2011
TET proteins convert 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5cac.
“TET proteins are responsible for conversion of 5mC in 5hmC [34], 5fC, and 5cac [36].”
From PU.1 target genes undergo Tet2-coupled demethylation and DNMT3b-mediated methylation in monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation (2013) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Ito, S., Shen, L., Dai, Q., Wu, S. C., Collins, L. B., Swenberg, J. A., He, C., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ito, Shinsuke
- Shen, Li
- Zhang, Yi
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-09-02
- Volume
- 333
- Issue
- 6047
- Pages
- 1300-1303
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC3495246
- OpenAlex
- W1997453048
- Cited by
- 3,451
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 180 · 2023: 204 · 2022: 209 · 2021: 236 · 2020: 261 · 2019: 258 · 2018: 268 · 2017: 263 · 2016: 279 · 2015: 253 · 2014: 280 · 2013: 259 · 2012: 198
- FWCI
- 100.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM071440, GM68804, R01GM071440, R01GM068804)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK089565)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES10126), P42ES005948, P30ES010126, P42 ES/5948)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA modifications and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- TET enzymes, 5-methylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, 5-carboxylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, DNA demethylation, DNA oxidation, decarboxylation, genomic DNA, mouse embryonic stem cells, epigenetic modifications
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Cytosine, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, DNA Methylation, 5-Methylcytosine, Dioxygenases, Mice, Embryonic Stem Cells
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