Cited by 218Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersOral microbiology and periodontitis research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 270 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies

Open access

Schupack, Daniel A., Mars, Ruben A. T., Voelker, Dayne H., Abeykoon, Jithma P., Kashyap, Purna C.·2022·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

DOI 10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1PMC PMC8712374

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Variability in disease presentation, progression and treatment response has been a central challenge in medicine. Although variability in host factors and genetics are important, it has become evident that the gut microbiome, with its vast genetic and metabolic diversity, must be considered in moving towards individualized treatment. In this Review, we discuss six broad disease groups: infectious disease, cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune or inflammatory disease, and allergic and atopic diseases. We highlight current knowledge on the gut microbiome in disease pathogenesis and prognosis, efficacy, and treatment-related adverse events and its promise for stratifying existing treatments and as a source of novel therapies. The Review is not meant to be comprehensive for each disease state but rather highlights the potential implications of the microbiome as a tool to individualize treatment strategies in clinical practice. Although early, the outlook is optimistic but challenges need to be overcome before clinical implementation, including improved understanding of underlying mechanisms, longitudinal studies with multiple data layers reflecting gut microbiome and host response, standardized approaches to testing and reporting, and validation in larger cohorts. Given progress in the microbiome field with concurrent basic and clinical studies, the microbiome will likely become an integral part of clinical care within the next decade.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1

Cites

269 of 269 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., Ling, A. V., Devlin, A. S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M. A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12820 · Cited by 10,100
Untitled work
Hill (2014) · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66 · Cited by 9,592
Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110591 · Cited by 7,913
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Turnbaugh, P. J., Hamady, M., Yatsunenko, T., Cantarel, B. L., Duncan, A., Ley, R. E., Sogin, M. L., Jones, W. J., Roe, B. A., Affourtit, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07540 · Cited by 7,823
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Chabo, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1491 · Cited by 6,638
Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Allen, C., Barber, R. M., Bhutta, Z. A., Carter, A., Casey, D. C., Charlson, F. J., Chen, A. Z., Coates, M. M., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 · Cited by 6,596
The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407076101 · Cited by 6,245
Obesity alters gut microbial ecology
Ley, R. E., Bäckhed, F., Turnbaugh, P., Lozupone, C. A., Knight, R. D., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504978102 · Cited by 6,176
Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors
Routy, B., Le Chatelier, E., Derosa, L., Duong, C. P. M., Alou, M. T., Daillère, R., Fluckiger, A., Messaoudene, M., Rauber, C., Roberti, M. P., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan3706 · Cited by 5,671

Show all 270 references

Sorted by citations

Gut microbiota in COVID-19: key microbial changes, potential mechanisms and clinical applications
Zhang, F., Lau, R. I., Liu, Q., Su, Q., Chan, F. K. L., & Ng, S. C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00698-4 · Cited by 282
Resistant starch decreases intrahepatic triglycerides in patients with NAFLD via gut microbiome alterations
Ni, Y., Qian, L., Siliceo, S. L., Long, X., Nychas, E., Liu, Y., Ismaiah, M. J., Leung, H., Zhang, L., Gao, Q., et al. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.08.002 · Cited by 237
Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms for reducing cholesterol levels: implications for ameliorating cardiovascular disease
Jia, B., Zou, Y., Han, X., Bae, J., & Jeon, C. O. (2022) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.003 · Cited by 220
The future of engineered immune cell therapies
Irvine, D. J., Maus, M. V., Mooney, D. J., & Wong, W. W. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abq6990 · Cited by 215
Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy
Li, Z., Xiong, W., Zhu, L. W., Wang, J., Zeng, Z., Kołat, D., Li, X., Zhou, D., Xu, X., & Zhao, L.-Y. (2024) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01541-w · Cited by 197
Utilization of the microbiome in personalized medicine
Ratiner, K., Ciocan, D. M., Abdeen, S. K., & Elinav, E. (2023) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-023-00998-9 · Cited by 189
Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes
Pillai, S. S., Gagnon, C. A., Foster, C., & Ashraf, A. P. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae499 · Cited by 180
Toward a Deeper Understanding of Gut Microbiome in Depression: The Promise of Clinical Applicability
Liu, L., Wang, H., Zhang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wu, J. Y., Zhao, L., Wang, D., Pu, J., Ji, P., et al. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202203707 · Cited by 162
The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Li, L., Zhong, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Li, M., & Yang, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328324 · Cited by 141
Unraveling the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Precision Nutrition and Personalized Medicine
Abeltino, A., Hatem, D., Serantoni, C., Riente, A., Giulio, M. M. D., Spirito, M. D., Maio, F. D., & Maulucci, G. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16223806 · Cited by 121
Large-scale microbiome data integration enables robust biomarker identification
Xiao, L., Zhang, F., & Zhao, F. (2022) · Nature Computational Science · doi:10.1038/s43588-022-00247-8 · Cited by 101
Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Viral Infections
Majumdar, A., Venkatesh, I. P. S., & Basu, A. (2023) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00803 · Cited by 86
The microbiome in cancer
Lin, A., Xiong, M., Jiang, A., Huang, L., Wong, H. Z. H., Feng, S., Zhang, C., Yu, H., Chen, L., Chi, H., et al. (2025) · iMeta · doi:10.1002/imt2.70070 · Cited by 99
Advances in the integration of metabolomics and metagenomics for human gut microbiome and their clinical applications
Puig‐Castellví, F., Pacheco‐Tapia, R., Deslande, M., Jia, M., Andrikopoulos, P., Chechi, K., Bonnefond, A., Froguel, P., & Dumas, M. (2023) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.117248 · Cited by 85
Predicting Personalized Responses to Dietary Fiber Interventions: Opportunities for Modulation of the Gut Microbiome to Improve Health
Kok, C. R., Rose, D. J., & Hutkins, R. W. (2022) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-060721-015516 · Cited by 81
Local and systemic effects of microbiome‐derived metabolites
Spivak, I., Fluhr, L., & Elinav, E. (2022) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202255664 · Cited by 75
Oral fecal transplantation enriches Lachnospiraceae and butyrate to mitigate acute liver injury
Yang, C., Chang, H., Sung, P.-C., Ge, M.-C., Tang, H.-Y., Cheng, M., Cheng, H., Chou, H.-H., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, W., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113591 · Cited by 71
Gut microbiota supports male reproduction via nutrition, immunity, and signaling
Cai, H., Cao, X., Qin, D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Hua, J., & Peng, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.977574 · Cited by 75
Live probiotic bacteria administered in a pathomimetic Leaky Gut Chip ameliorate impaired epithelial barrier and mucosal inflammation
Min, S., Than, N., Shin, Y. C., Hu, G., Shin, W., Ambrosini, Y. M., & Kim, H. J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27300-w · Cited by 64
Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease
Meijnikman, A. S., Nieuwdorp, M., & Schnabl, B. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00937-w · Cited by 76
Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within?
Boscaini, S., Leigh, S., Lavelle, A., García‐Cabrerizo, R., Lipuma, T., Clarke, G. A., Schellekens, H., & Cryan, J. F. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427 · Cited by 67
Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in gastric cancer: insights into mechanisms and emerging strategies
Luo, D. Y., Zhou, J., Ruan, S., Zhang, B., Zhu, H., Que, Y., Ying, S., Li, X., Hu, Y., & Song, Z. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-07385-7 · Cited by 73
Effectiveness of Psychobiotics in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Mosquera, F. E. C., Martinez, S. L., & Liscano, Y. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16091352 · Cited by 75
The role of the gut microbiota in gastric cancer: the immunoregulation and immunotherapy
Wang, M., Yang, G., Tian, Y., Zhang, Q., Liu, Z., & Xin, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183331 · Cited by 60
Microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer
Pourali, G., Kazemi, D., Chadeganipour, A. S., Arastonejad, M., Kashani, S. N., Pourali, R., Maftooh, M., Akbarzade, H., Fiuji, H., Hassanian, S. M., et al. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03166-4 · Cited by 64
Efficacy of probiotics or synbiotics in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lou, J., Cui, S., Huang, N., Jin, G., Cui, C., Fan, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, J. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.003 · Cited by 62
The human microbiome in clinical translation: from bench to bedside
Bautista, J., Echeverría, C. E., Maldonado-Noboa, I., Ojeda-Mosquera, S., Hidalgo-Tinoco, C., & López-Cortés, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1632435 · Cited by 55
Microbiota as diagnostic biomarkers: advancing early cancer detection and personalized therapeutic approaches through microbiome profiling
Eslami, M., Naderian, R., Bahar, A., Babaeizad, A., Gheshlagh, S. R., Oksenych, V., & Tahmasebi, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1559480 · Cited by 57
The role of probiotics in personalized therapeutics: Advances in gut microbe-driven interventions
Manan, M. A. (2025) · The Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.microb.2025.100497 · Cited by 64
Effects of intestinal flora on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs
Džidić-Krivić, A., Kusturica, J., Sher, E. K., Selak, N., Osmančević, N., Farhat, E. K., & Sher, F. (2023) · Drug Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1080/03602532.2023.2186313 · Cited by 46
Hawk Tea Flavonoids as Natural Hepatoprotective Agents Alleviate Acute Liver Damage by Reshaping the Intestinal Microbiota and Modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Xu, T., Hu, S., Liu, Y., Sun, K., Luo, L., & Zeng, L. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14173662 · Cited by 45
Prophylactic Supplementation with Lactobacillus Reuteri or Its Metabolite GABA Protects Against Acute Ischemic Cardiac Injury
Wang, J., Zhang, H., Yuan, H., Chen, S., Yu, Y., Zhang, X., Gao, Z., Du, H., Li, W., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202307233 · Cited by 43
Antitumor effects of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg via regulation of intestinal flora and enhancing immunomodulatory effects in vivo
Zhou, F., Lu, Y., Sun, T., Sun, L. V., Wang, B., Lu, J., Li, Z., Zhu, B., Huang, S., & Ding, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009530 · Cited by 49
Gut microbiome model predicts response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer
Yang, Z., Ma, J., Han, J., Li, A., Liu, G., Sun, Y., Zheng, J., Zhang, J., Chen, G., Xu, R., et al. (2024) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2024.07.002 · Cited by 45
Harnessing gut microbiota for colorectal cancer therapy: from clinical insights to therapeutic innovations
Chen, C., Su, Q., Zi, M., Hua, X., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-025-00818-3 · Cited by 45
Machine learning framework for gut microbiome biomarkers discovery and modulation analysis in large-scale obese population
Liu, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, H., Lu, W., Lee, Y. K., Zhao, J., & Zhang, H. (2022) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-022-09087-2 · Cited by 42
An Intelligent Intestine‐on‐a‐Chip for Rapid Screening of Probiotics with Relief‐Enteritis Function
Wu, J., Zhang, B., Liu, X. D., Gu, W., Xu, F., Wang, J., Liu, Q., Wang, R., Hu, Y., Liu, J., et al. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202408485 · Cited by 36
Optimizing ex vivo culture conditions to study human gut microbiome
Tao, X., Huang, W., Pan, L., Sheng, L., Qin, Y., Chen, L., Yu, L., Wu, G., Wan, J., & Li, H. (2023) · ISME Communications · doi:10.1038/s43705-023-00245-5 · Cited by 36
Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease?
Fobofou, S. A. T., & Savidge, T. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00008.2022 · Cited by 36
Emerging roles of the gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy
Shi, Z., Li, H., Song, W., Zhou, Z., Li, Z., & Zhang, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139821 · Cited by 32
Multiomics Analyses With Stool-Type Stratification in Patient Cohorts and Blautia Identification as a Potential Bacterial Modulator in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Guo, Q., Gao, Z., Zhao, L., Wang, H., Luo, Z., Vandeputte, D., He, L., Li, M., Di, S., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db23-0447 · Cited by 35
Gut microbial co-metabolite 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine exacerbates thrombosis via binding to and activating integrin α2β1
Huang, K., Li, Z., He, X., Dai, J., Huang, B., Shi, Y., Fan, D., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Li, N., et al. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.014 · Cited by 32
Key Insights into Gut Alterations in Metabolic Syndrome
Boicean, A., Ichim, C., Sasu, S.-M., & Todor, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14082678 · Cited by 32
Intracellular hydrogelation of macrophage conjugated probiotics for hitchhiking delivery and combined treatment of colitis
Wang, J., Hu, D., Chen, Q., Liu, T., Zhou, X., Xu, Y., Zhou, H., Gu, D., & Cheng, G. (2023) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100679 · Cited by 30
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Mani, A. P., Balasubramanian, B., Mali, L. A., Joseph, K. S., Meyyazhagan, A., Pappuswamy, M., & Joseph, B. V. (2024) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres15020033 · Cited by 37
Clostridium scindens metabolites trigger prostate cancer progression through androgen receptor signaling
Bui, N.-N., Li, C., Wang, L., Chen, Y., Kao, W.-H., Chou, L., Hsieh, J., Lin, H., & Lai, C. (2023) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2022.12.009 · Cited by 29
Bioinformatics analyses of combined databases identify shared differentially expressed genes in cancer and autoimmune disease
Sui, Y., Li, S., Fu, X., Zhao, Z. J., & Xing, S. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-03943-9 · Cited by 31
Dupilumab therapy improves gut microbiome dysbiosis and tryptophan metabolism in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis
Yang, J., Li, D., Sun, S., Liu, D., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Zhou, B., Nie, W., Li, L., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111867 · Cited by 25
Emerging roles of intratumor microbiota in cancer: tumorigenesis and management strategies
Shi, Z., Li, Z., & Zhang, M. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05640-7 · Cited by 26
Microbiota-derived metabolites in the epigenetic regulation of the host
Lei, J., Wang, X., & Liu, X. (2025) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2025.09.030 · Cited by 29
Gut microbiome and metabolic health: mechanisms and precision interventions
Li, Z., Samui, S., Liu, J. S., Yang, Y., Liu, X., Chen, Q. W., Li, J. N., Gopinath, D., Luo, P., & Shan, D. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2644677 · Cited by 31
Current clinical translation of microbiome medicines
McCoubrey, L. E., Elbadawi, M., & Basit, A. W. (2022) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2022.02.001 · Cited by 28
Gut microbiota composition and changes in patients with sepsis: potential markers for predicting survival
Luan, F., Zhou, Y., Ma, X., Li, Y., Peng, Y., Jia, X., Li, N., Wang, X., Luo, Y., Man, M., et al. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03188-6 · Cited by 24
Modulation of the Neuro–Cancer Connection by Metabolites of Gut Microbiota
Mafe, A. N., & Büsselberg, D. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15020270 · Cited by 24
Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Probiotic Strategies in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Disease Modulation and Precision Therapy
Yang, Y.-C., Chang, S.-C., Hung, C., Shen, M., Lai, C., & Huang, C. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17152501 · Cited by 33
The Role of Butyric Acid and Microorganisms in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Microbiome-Based Therapeutics
Liu, Z., Jiang, Y., Fan, Q., Li, S., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s540163 · Cited by 24
Current Concepts in Probiotic Safety and Efficacy
Churin, A. A., Sokolyanskaya, L. O., Lukina, A. P., & Karnachuk, O. V. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18040696 · Cited by 31
“Clinical outcomes vary widely because host genetics, baseline microbiota, diet, medications, and comorbidities modulate response and susceptibility, which explains the heterogeneous results across studies [15,114,115].”
Role of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Wu, P., Zhu, T., Tan, Z. Y. A., Chen, S., & Fang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.812303 · Cited by 23
The Promising Biological Role of Postbiotics in Treating Human Infertility
Khani, N., Shakeri, A. H., Houshmandi, S., Ziavand, M., Soleimani, R. A., Hosseinzadeh, N., & Rad, A. H. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10458-w · Cited by 23
From omics to AI —mapping the pathogenic pathways in type 2 diabetes
O’Sullivan, S., Qi, L., & Zalloua, P. (2025) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.70115 · Cited by 24
Bear bile powder ameliorates type 2 diabetes via modulation of metabolic profiles, gut microbiota, and metabolites
Chen, X.-L., Cai, K., Zhang, W., Su, S., Zhao, L.-H., Qiu, L., & Duan, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1090955 · Cited by 22
Protopanaxadiol manipulates gut microbiota to promote bone marrow hematopoiesis and enhance immunity in cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppression mice
Cao, Y., Liu, B., Li, W., Geng, F., Gao, X. J., Yue, L., Liu, H., Liu, C., Su, Z., Lü, J., et al. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.222 · Cited by 20
Impact of environmental characteristics on children's gut microbiota – A pilot study in assessing the role of indoor microbiome and metabolites
Zhang, M., Tang, H., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Xu, Y., Fu, X., Sun, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116114 · Cited by 24
Live Biotherapeutic Products for Metabolic Diseases: Development Strategies, Challenges, and Future Directions
Min, H., Choi, K.-S., Yun, S., & Jang, S. (2025) · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.4014/jmb.2410.10054 · Cited by 26
A Comprehensive Oncological Biomarker Framework Guiding Precision Medicine
Mokhtari, R. B., Sambi, M., Shekari, F., Satari, K., Ghafoury, R., Ashayeri, N., Eversole, P., Baluch, N., Harless, W. W., Muscarella, L. A., et al. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15091304 · Cited by 23
Microbes and medicines: interrelationships between pharmaceuticals and the gut microbiome
Al-Btoosh, S., Donnelly, R. F., & KELLY, S. C. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2604867 · Cited by 24
The Influence of the Microbiome on Immunotherapy for Gastroesophageal Cancer
Dadgar, N., Keshava, V. E., Raj, M. S., & Wagner, P. L. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15184426 · Cited by 20
Current Knowledge about Gastric Microbiota with Special Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Conditions
Santacroce, L., Topi, S., Bottalico, L., Charitos, I. A., & Jirillo, E. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46050299 · Cited by 22
Natural bioactive products in the regulation of bone metabolism and regeneration
Ouyang, X., Ma, Q., Zhou, C., Tang, J., Li, M., Qing, J., Lei, X., Huang, D. A., Liu, H., & Zhang, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1683279 · Cited by 26
Modulating gut microbiota using nanotechnology to increase anticancer efficacy of the treatments
Jalil, A. T., Thabit, S. N., Hanan, Z. K., Alasheqi, M. Q., Al-Azzawi, A. K. J., Zabibah, R. S., & Fadhil, A. A. (2023) · Macromolecular Research · doi:10.1007/s13233-023-00168-z · Cited by 19
Therapeutic potential of probiotics in gut microbial homeostasis and Rheumatoid arthritis
Balasundaram, D., Veerasamy, V. S., Singarayar, M. S., Neethirajan, V., Devanesan, A. A., & Thilagar, S. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112501 · Cited by 22
Phage therapy in gut microbiome
Chen, X., Mendes, B. G., Alves, B. S., & Duan, Y. (2023) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005 · Cited by 19
From Microbes to Myocardium: A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of the Gut-Brain Axis on Cardiovascular Disease
Singh, A. K., Kishore, P. S., & Khan, S. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.70877 · Cited by 21
Intracellularly Gelated Macrophages Loaded with Probiotics for Therapy of Colitis
Gu, S., Zhao, X., Wan, F., Gu, D., Xie, W., & Cheng, G. (2024) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02699 · Cited by 18
Culture-independent meta-pangenomics enabled by long-read metagenomics reveals associations with pediatric undernutrition
Minich, J. J., Allsing, N. A., Din, M. O., Tisza, M. J., Maleta, K. M., McDonald, D., Hartwick, N. T., Mamerto, A., Brennan, C., Hansen, L., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.020 · Cited by 21
A mechanism-based understanding of altered drug pharmacokinetics by gut microbiota
Gulnaz, A., Chang, J., Maeng, H., Shin, K., Lee, K., & Chae, Y. (2022) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-022-00600-z · Cited by 17
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Probiotic Strains
Căliman-Sturdza, O. A., Vaz, J. A., Lupăescu, A.-V., Lobiuc, A., Bran, C., & Gheorghita, R. E. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27021079 · Cited by 18
Gut Microbiota: An Ally in the Mechanisms and Interventions of Healthy Aging
Chatterjee, S. S., Hebbani, A. V., & Syed, K. (2025) · Gastrointestinal Disorders · doi:10.3390/gidisord7040068 · Cited by 16
Molecular Mimicry Between Gut Microbiome and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Concepts
Muruganandam, A., Migliorini, F., Jeyaraman, N., Vaishya, R., Balaji, S., Ramasubramanian, S., Maffulli, N., & Jeyaraman, M. (2024) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci12040072 · Cited by 15
Microbiome time series data reveal predictable patterns of change
Karwowska, Z., Szczerbiak, P., & Kościółek, T. (2024) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.04109-23 · Cited by 16
Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review
Provitera, L., Tomaselli, A., Algieri, F., Tripodi, M., Raffaeli, G., Amodeo, I., Raymo, L., Bronzoni, C. V., Fumagalli, M., Garrido, F., et al. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14110570 · Cited by 12
Synthetic biology approaches for restoring gut microbial balance and engineering disease-specific microbiome therapeutics
Mkilima, T. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107931 · Cited by 14
Impact of gastrointestinal dysbiosis on tryptophan metabolism and neurological cancer progression
Kiran, N. S., Yashaswini, C., Chatterjee, A., & Prajapati, B. G. (2025) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02972-2 · Cited by 12
Transforming mental health: the future of personalized psychobiotics in anxiety and depression therapy
Rosas-Sánchez, G. U., Muñoz‐Carrillo, J. L., & Soria-Fregozo, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1711846 · Cited by 12
Gut Microbiota and the Gut-liver Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies
Yadav, S., & Kumar, R. (2025) · Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0118715206364200250304034753 · Cited by 12
Impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners on the human microbiome
Crakes, K. R., Questell, L., Soni, S., & Suez, J. (2025) · Immunometabolism · doi:10.1097/in9.0000000000000060 · Cited by 16
Inter-species and individualized biotransformation of five saponins by human being- and mouse-derived fecal microbiota
Wei, W., Li, M., Pan, L., Shao, M., He, X., Li, Y., Sheng, L., Zheng, N., & Li, H. (2025) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13020-025-01190-2 · Cited by 11
Therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in liver disease
Parthasarathy, G., Malhi, H., & Bajaj, J. S. (2024) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000987 · Cited by 12
Gut–Lung Axis in Focus: Deciphering the Impact of Gut Microbiota on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Suswał, K., Tomaszewski, M., Romaniuk, A., Świechowska-Starek, P., Zygmunt, W., Styczeń, A., & Romaniuk, M. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14010008 · Cited by 10
The promise of the gut metabolite propionate for a novel and personalized lipid-lowering treatment
Osto, E. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab723 · Cited by 10
Prebiotic Potential of Dietary Polyphenols in Colorectal Cancer Immunomodulation
Sreenesh, B., Varghese, E., Kubatka, P., Samuel, S. M., & Büsselberg, D. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14132392 · Cited by 9
Bioengineering of Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii for Advanced Biotherapeutics
Ting, T., Lee, W.-J., & Goh, H. (2025) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.5c00236 · Cited by 9
Decipher enzymes from human microbiota for drug discovery and development
Beliaeva, M. A., Wilmanns, M., & Zimmermann, M. (2023) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102567 · Cited by 10
Levofloxacin induces differential effects in the transcriptome between the gut, peripheral and axial joints in the Spondyloarthritis DBA/1 mice: Improvement of intestinal dysbiosis and the overall inflammatory process
González‐Chávez, S. A., Salas‐Leiva, J. S., Salas-Leiva, D. E., López-Loeza, S. M., Sausameda-García, J., Orrantia‐Borunda, E., Burgos‐Vargas, R., Alvarado-Jáquez, M. F., Torres-Quintana, M., Cuevas-Martínez, R., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281265 · Cited by 9
Engineered immune cell therapies for solid tumors: pharmacological advances, clinical outcomes, and future directions
Althafar, Z. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1614325 · Cited by 8
Hepatoprotective activity of Lactéol® forte and quercetin dihydrate against thioacetamide‐induced hepatic cirrhosis in male albino rats
Saad, ‏. M., Oda, S. S., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., Mahmoud, M. H., Batiha, G. E., & Khalifa, E. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.18196 · Cited by 8
Intestinal interstitial fluid isolation provides novel insight into the human host-microbiome interface
Avery, E. G., Haag, L.-M., McParland, V. J., Kedziora, S. M., Zigra, G., Valdes, D. S., Kirchner, M., Popp, O., Geisberger, S., Nonn, O., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvae267 · Cited by 8
Pre-procedural TMAO as a predictor for recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Meng, S., Ni, T., Du, Q., Liu, M., Ge, P., Geng, J., & Wang, B. (2024) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-024-04170-w · Cited by 7
The Gut‐Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Precision Therapeutics
Zhu, S., 邹梦洁, Wu, Q., Zou, Y., Tan, T., Huang, Z., Gong, Z., Luo, H., & Dong, X. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202503607rr · Cited by 8
The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Efficacy and Side Effect Profile of Biologic Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Qusty, N. F., Sarhan, A. A., Taha, M., Alshanqiti, A., Almuteb, A. M., Alfaraidi, A. T., Alkhairi, H. A., Alzahrani, M. M., Alamry, A. H. A., Alomry, T. Q. B., et al. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.71111 · Cited by 9

Authors: Schupack, D. A., Mars, R. A. T., Voelker, D. H., Abeykoon, J. P., & Kashyap, P. C.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Kashyap, Purna C.
ORCID: Schupack, Daniel A.
Mars, Ruben A. T.
Voelker, Dayne H.
Abeykoon, Jithma P.
Kashyap, Purna C.
Venue: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-08-27
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 7-25
ISSN: 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
1759-5053
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1
PMC: PMC8712374
OpenAlex: W3195493570
Cited by: 217
References: 270
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 3
FWCI: 2.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK114007)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords: gut microbiota, personalized treatment, precision medicine, microbiota-based therapy, treatment response variability, infectious diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, pathogenesis, treatment-related adverse events
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Liver Diseases, Precision Medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks