Cited by 129Phagocytosis and Immune RegulationCell death mechanisms and regulationAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

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Cell death by phagocytosis

Brown, Guy C.·2024·Nature Reviews Immunology

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Abstract

Cells can die as a consequence of being phagocytosed by other cells - a form of cell death that has been called phagotrophy, cell cannibalism, programmed cell removal and primary phagocytosis. However, these are all different manifestations of cell death by phagocytosis (termed 'phagoptosis' for short). The engulfed cells die as a result of cytotoxic oxidants, peptides and degradative enzymes within acidic phagolysosomes. Cell death by phagocytosis was discovered by Metchnikov in the 1880s, but was neglected until recently. It is now known to contribute to developmental cell death in nematodes, Drosophila and mammals, and is central to innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens. Cell death by phagocytosis mediates physiological turnover of erythrocytes and other leucocytes, making it the most abundant form of cell death in the mammalian body. Immunity against cancer is also partly mediated by macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells, but cancer cells can also phagocytose host cells and other cancer cells in order to survive. Recent evidence indicates neurodegeneration and other neuropathologies can be mediated by microglial phagocytosis of stressed neurons. Thus, despite cell death by phagocytosis being poorly recognized, it is one of the oldest, commonest and most important forms of cell death.

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Authors: Brown, G. C.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Brown, Guy C.
ORCID: Brown, Guy C.
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2023-08-21
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 91-102
ISSN: 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00921-6
OpenAlex: W4386026077
Cited by: 129
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 26
FWCI: 3.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords: phagocytosis, cell death, phagolysosomes, erythrocyte turnover, developmental cell death, neurodegeneration, innate immunity, adaptive immunity
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Macrophages, Mammals, Neurons, Phagocytosis, Cell Death, Microglia

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