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Age-related remodelling of oesophageal epithelia by mutated cancer drivers
Abstract
Clonal expansion in aged normal tissues has been implicated in the development of cancer. However, the chronology and risk dependence of the expansion are poorly understood. Here we intensively sequence 682 micro-scale oesophageal samples and show, in physiologically normal oesophageal epithelia, the progressive age-related expansion of clones that carry mutations in driver genes (predominantly NOTCH1), which is substantially accelerated by alcohol consumption and by smoking. Driver-mutated clones emerge multifocally from early childhood and increase their number and size with ageing, and ultimately replace almost the entire oesophageal epithelium in the extremely elderly. Compared with mutations in oesophageal cancer, there is a marked overrepresentation of NOTCH1 and PPM1D mutations in physiologically normal oesophageal epithelia; these mutations can be acquired before late adolescence (as early as early infancy) and significantly increase in number with heavy smoking and drinking. The remodelling of the oesophageal epithelium by driver-mutated clones is an inevitable consequence of normal ageing, which-depending on lifestyle risks-may affect cancer development.
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“Instead, the discovery of widespread clonal expansions in ageing human tissues19,50–52 raises the possibility that some somatic mutations contribute to ageing by driving clonal expansions of functionally altered cells at a cost to the organism49,53,54.”
From Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“An equivalent state is also pervasive in the epithelium of skin 14 and esophagus 15,16, suggesting that somatic mutation-driven clonal expansions may be a characteristic of aging in several tissues.”
From Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
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Genetic Variation in Background Mucosa Across Different Grades of Chronic Esophagitis
Ohashi, T., Okimoto, K., Kaneko, T., Akizue, N., Hirotsu, Y., Amemiya, K., Krosugi, A., Ishikawa, T., Ohta, Y., Taida, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.70129
Site-specific prevalence of the NFE2L2 mutation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Chida, A., Hayashi, H., Ishida, N., So, E., Kishimoto, S., Horie, S., Tsugaru, K., Matsuda, S., Kawakubo, H., Nishihara, H., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-025-02908-w
“Prior studies have shown high mutation rates of NFE2L2 in ESCC tissue but not in normal esophageal epithelium [16].”
Hatakeyama, K., Nagashima, T., Notsu, A., Ohshima, K., Ohnami, S., Ohnami, S., Shimoda, Y., Naruoka, A., Maruyama, K., Iizuka, A., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14067957
Hatakeyama, K., Nagashima, T., Notsu, A., Ohshima, K., Ohnami, S., Ohnami, S., Shimoda, Y., Naruoka, A., Maruyama, K., Iizuka, A., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14067960
Yun, J. K., Kim, S., An, H., Lee, G. D., Kim, H. R., Kim, Y.-H., Kim, D. K., Park, S.-I., Choi, S., & Koh, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24797878
Pan, Y., Liu, J., Gao, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, C., Liang, Z., Wu, M., Qian, Y., Li, Y., Shen, J., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22624969
Yun, J. K., Kim, S., An, H., Lee, G. D., Kim, H. R., Kim, Y.-H., Kim, D. K., Park, S.-I., Choi, S., & Koh, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24798085
Dreßler, L., Bortolomeazzi, M., Keddar, M. R., Mišetić, H., Giulia, S., Acha‐Sagredo, A., Montorsi, L., Wijewardhane, N., Repana, D., Nulsen, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19068666
Additional file 1 of SCELLECTOR: ranking amplification bias in single cells using shallow sequencing
Sarangi, V., Jourdon, A., Bae, T., Panda, A., Vaccarino, F., & Abyzov, A. S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13233081
Dreßler, L., Bortolomeazzi, M., Keddar, M. R., Mišetić, H., Sartini, G., Acha‐Sagredo, A., Montorsi, L., Wijewardhane, N., Repana, D., Nulsen, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19068675
Buhigas, C., Warren, A. Y., Leung, W.-K., Whitaker, H. C., Luxton, H. J., Hawkins, S. F. C., Kay, J. D., Butler, A. P., Xu, Y., Woodcock, D. J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21185570
Li, Y. R., Kandyba, E. E., Halliwill, K. D., Delrosario, R., Tran, Q., Bayani, N., Wu, D., Mirzoeva, O. K., Reeves, M. M., Islam, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.24.577147
“First, abundant mutations have been found by deep sequencing of DNA in multiple normal human tissues including skin(11) esophagus(12,13) colon(14), liver(15) endometrium(16) and lung(17) The number of cells carrying these mutations is very high in the skin and oesophagus, where as many as 70-80% of…”
BackgroundNaito, S., Umezu, T., Yamaguchi, H., Muramatsu, T., Kagawa, Y., Morise, T., Yamauchi, Y., Okamoto, I., Fukuzawa, M., Tsukahara, K., et al. (2026) · Esophagus · doi:10.1007/s10388-026-01187-2
“In patients with double cancers and LVLs, smoking was a dominant risk factor, and esophageal mucosal remodeling with age may have exacerbated smoking-induced damage [28].”
Non-Coding RNA: Architects of Cellular Complexity and Agents of Malignancy
Shah, A. (2026) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes17030304
Harris, K. L. (2026) · Cell Signaling · doi:10.46439/signaling.4.093
Polyclonal evolution of lymphoproliferative disorders in XLP1
Tomomasa, D., Nishimura, A., Yoshida, K., Namikawa, Y., Kim, D. R., Sakata, N., Sakamoto, K., Taga, T., Sakai, Y., Ikawa, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Human Immunity · doi:10.70962/jhi.20250202
“Somatic mutations were identified using the Gnomon pipeline, with sequencing data of non-paired normal tissues used as controls (26).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Yokoyama, A., Kakiuchi, N., Yoshizato, T., Nannya, Y., Suzuki, H., Takeuchi, Y., Shiozawa, Y., Sato, Y., Aoki, K., Kim, S. K., Fujii, Y., Yoshida, K., Kataoka, K., Nakagawa, M. M., Inoue, Y., Hirano, T., Shiraishi, Y., Chiba, K., Tanaka, H., Sanada, M., Nishikawa, Y., Amanuma, Y., Ohashi, S., Aoyama, I., Horimatsu, T., Miyamoto, S., Tsunoda, S., Sakai, Y., Narahara, M., Brown, J. B., Sato, Y., Sawada, G., Mimori, K., Minamiguchi, S., Haga, H., Seno, H., Miyano, S., Makishima, H., Muto, M., & Ogawa, S.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Nagoya Medical Center (JP)
- Kyoto University Hospital (JP)
- McGill University (CA)
- Kyushu University Beppu Hospital (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ogawa, Seishi
- ORCID
- Yokoyama, Akira
- Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki
- Yoshizato, Tetsuichi
- Nannya, Yasuhito
- Suzuki, Hiromichi
- Takeuchi, Yasuhide
- Shiozawa, Yusuke
- Sato, Yusuke
- Aoki, Kosuke
- Kim, Soo Ki
- Fujii, Yoichi
- Yoshida, Kenichi
- Kataoka, Keisuke
- Nakagawa, Masahiro M.
- Inoue, Yoshikage
- Hirano, Tomonori
- Shiraishi, Yuichi
- Chiba, Kenichi
- Tanaka, Hiroko
- Sanada, Masashi
- Nishikawa, Yoshitaka
- Ohashi, Shinya
- Horimatsu, Takahiro
- Miyamoto, Shin’ichi
- Tsunoda, Shigeru
- Sakai, Yoshiharu
- Sato, Yoshitaka
- Mimori, Koshi
- Minamiguchi, Sachiko
- Haga, Hironori
- Seno, Hiroshi
- Miyano, Satoru
- Makishima, Hideki
- Muto, Manabu
- Ogawa, Seishi
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-01-02
- Volume
- 565
- Issue
- 7739
- Pages
- 312-317
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2905667684
- Cited by
- 628
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 58
- FWCI
- 19.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Kyoto University Research Information Repository (Kyoto University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18H02692, 15H05791, 15H05912, 17K19595, 15H05909)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- esophageal epithelium, clonal expansion, driver mutations, Notch1, PPM1D, aging, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, alcohol consumption, smoking, cancer risk, single-cell sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Mutation Accumulation, Protein Phosphatase 2C, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alcohol Drinking, Biopsy, Cell Count, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Child, Child, Preschool, Clone Cells, Epithelium, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Precancerous Conditions, Risk Factors, Smoking, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Receptor, Notch1, Young Adult, DNA Copy Number Variations, Single-Cell Analysis, Gene-Environment Interaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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