Cited by 950Graphene research and applicationsGraphite, nuclear technology, radiation studiesCarbon Nanotubes in Composites

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Gram-scale bottom-up flash graphene synthesis

Luong, Duy X., Bets, Ksenia V., Algozeeb, Wala Ali, Stanford, Michael G., Kittrell, Carter, Chen, Weiyin, Salvatierra, Rodrigo V., Ren, Muqing, McHugh, Emily A., Advincula, Paul A., Wang, Zhe, Bhatt, Mahesh, Guo, Hua, Mancevski, Vladimir, Shahsavari, Rouzbeh, Yakobson, Boris I., Tour, James M.·2020·Nature

DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-1938-0

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Most bulk-scale graphene is produced by a top-down approach, exfoliating graphite, which often requires large amounts of solvent with high-energy mixing, shearing, sonication or electrochemical treatment 1-3. Although chemical oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide promotes exfoliation, it requires harsh oxidants and leaves the graphene with a defective perforated structure after the subsequent reduction step 3,4. Bottom-up synthesis of high-quality graphene is often restricted to ultrasmall amounts if performed by chemical vapour deposition or advanced synthetic organic methods, or it provides a defect-ridden structure if carried out in bulk solution 4-6. Here we show that flash Joule heating of inexpensive carbon sources-such as coal, petroleum coke, biochar, carbon black, discarded food, rubber tyres and mixed plastic waste-can afford gram-scale quantities of graphene in less than one second. The product, named flash graphene (FG) after the process used to produce it, shows turbostratic arrangement (that is, little order) between the stacked graphene layers. FG synthesis uses no furnace and no solvents or reactive gases. Yields depend on the carbon content of the source; when using a high-carbon source, such as carbon black, anthracitic coal or calcined coke, yields can range from 80 to 90 per cent with carbon purity greater than 99 per cent. No purification steps are necessary. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows a low-intensity or absent D band for FG, indicating that FG has among the lowest defect concentrations reported so far for graphene, and confirms the turbostratic stacking of FG, which is clearly distinguished from turbostratic graphite. The disordered orientation of FG layers facilitates its rapid exfoliation upon mixing during composite formation. The electric energy cost for FG synthesis is only about 7.2 kilojoules per gram, which could render FG suitable for use in bulk composites of plastic, metals, plywood, concrete and other building materials.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41586-020-1938-0

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics
Plimpton, S. (1995) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1006/jcph.1995.1039 · Cited by 44,721
Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers
Ferrari, A. C., Meyer, J. C., Scardaci, V., Casiraghi, C., Lazzeri, M., Mauri, F., Piscanec, S., Jiang, D., Novoselov, K. S., Roth, S., et al. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.187401 · Cited by 15,229
Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Piner, R. D., Kohlhaas, K. M., Kleinhammes, A., Jia, Y., Wu, Y., Nguyen, S. T., & Ruoff, R. S. (2007) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034 · Cited by 13,979
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260352 · Cited by 13,163
Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets
Li, D., Müller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B., & Wallace, G. G. (2008) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.451 · Cited by 9,146
Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron–phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects
Ferrari, A. C. (2007) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.052 · Cited by 7,706
Honeycomb Carbon: A Review of Graphene
Allen, M. J., Tung, V., & Kaner, R. B. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900070d · Cited by 7,073
High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Hernández, Y., Nicolosi, V., Lotya, M., Blighe, F. M., Sun, Z., De, S., McGovern, I. T., Holland, B. N., Byrne, M. T., Gun’ko, Y. K., et al. (2008) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.215 · Cited by 6,375
Raman spectroscopy in graphene
Malard, L. M., Pimenta, M. A., Dresselhaus, G., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (2009) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.003 · Cited by 6,168
A reactive potential for hydrocarbons with intermolecular interactions
Stuart, S. J., Tutein, A. B., & Harrison, J. A. (2000) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.481208 · Cited by 4,457

Show all 36 references

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 950

Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Porous Graphene via Printing Paper Pyrolysis as Supercapacitor Electrodes
Wang, M., Liu, C., Albolkany, M. K., Zhao, M., Zhu, C., & Liu, B. (2021) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202001025 · Cited by 11
Flash Joule heating-driven transformation of phosphogypsum into high-activity calcium sulfide: A green strategy for phosphogypsum upcycling
Xu, B., Zheng, T., Zhou, R., Wang, X., Liu, C., Huang, S., Zhou, F., & Meng, H. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.171084 · Cited by 10
Graphene materials at scale: Synthesis routes, market and techno-economic landscape, and net-zero applications
Elsayed, M. H., Alakbari, F. S., El-Haleem, L. E., Zentou, H., Saber, A. F., Hoque, B., & Abdelnaby, M. M. (2026) · Sustainable materials and technologies · doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01966 · Cited by 10
Recent advances on the development of graphene‐based field‐effect transistors, electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence biosensors
Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., He, M., & Jin, Z. (2023) · Electroanalysis · doi:10.1002/elan.202200548 · Cited by 10
Topological defects and anisotropic development during pre-graphitization
Francas, G. R., Martin, J. W., Suarez‐Martinez, I., & Marks, N. A. (2023) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118251 · Cited by 10
A new strategy to achieve the recycling of plastic waste by catalysis under mild conditions
Han, Z., Yan, Y., Pang, X., Wang, B., & Sun, D. (2023) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124505 · Cited by 10
Rapid microwave reduction of electrochemically-derived graphene oxide for high-crystalline graphene membranes
Xiong, Z., Yu, P., Liang, Q., & Li, D. (2023) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-023-2640-4 · Cited by 10
Joule Heating Induced Reductive Iron–Magnesium Bimetallic Nanocomposite for Eminent Heavy Metal Removal
Jia, C., Sun, L., Wu, X., Yu, F., Lin, L., He, Z., Gao, J., Zhang, S., & Zhu, X. (2024) · ACS ES&T Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsestengg.3c00514 · Cited by 10
Multi-phase conversion pathways towards porous but graphitized carbon structures for energy storage and conversion
Zhang, B., Sun, F., Wu, D., Wang, L., Fan, W., Wang, H., Liu, S., Gao, D., Gao, J., & Zhao, G. (2025) · Energy storage materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104181 · Cited by 10
Recent progress in nitrogen-doped activated carbon: Microstructural regulation and enhanced gas adsorption
Wang, J., Lou, F., Zhang, M., & Yuan, J. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.118107 · Cited by 10
Ultrafast Synthesis of Mo2C-Based Catalyst by Joule Heating towards Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Zhang, H., Qi, S., Zhu, K., Wang, H., Zhang, G., Ma, W., & Zong, X. (2023) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym15040801 · Cited by 10
Electronic conductivity in metal-graphene composites: the role of disordered carbon structures, defects, and impurities
Nepal, K., Ugwumadu, C. E., Gautam, A., Kappagantula, K., & Drabold, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Physics Materials · doi:10.1088/2515-7639/ad261a · Cited by 10
Self-sustained solid-state exothermic reaction for scalable graphene production
Yang, M., Liu, J., Li, S., Zhang, S., Zhuang, Z., Wang, Y., & He, C. (2020) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109135 · Cited by 10
Virtual Vibrational Analytics of Reduced Graphene Oxide
Федоровна, Ш. Е., & Popova, N. A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23136978 · Cited by 10
A rapid and environment-friendly process for dolomite pellets calcination with Joule-heating
Luo, X. D., Zhao, P., Guo, J., & Li, J. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140173 · Cited by 9
2D material graphene as a potential antidiabetic and nontoxic compound in Drosophila melanogaster
Dash, K., Panda, D. K., Yadav, K., Meher, S., & Mishra, M. (2024) · Applied Nanoscience · doi:10.1007/s13204-023-02988-y · Cited by 9
Development and challenge of coal-based nanocarbon materials and their application in water treatment: a review
Xie, M., Luo, H., Liu, X., & Yin, C.-C. (2024) · Discover Nano · doi:10.1186/s11671-024-04115-4 · Cited by 8
Role of graphene in metal matrix functional composites: a review
Rajendren, V. B., Abdullah, M. R., Ahmad, F., Khan, S. U., Dar, S. M., Kai, X., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Composite Interfaces · doi:10.1080/09276440.2024.2442167 · Cited by 8
High-performance symmetric battery-supercapacitor hybrid using three oxidation states of TEMPO
Chamberland, J. P., Parent, J. S., & Barz, D. P. J. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.162051 · Cited by 9
Understanding the Synthesis of Turbostratic/Flash Graphene via Joule Heating
Mahmood, F., Mbeugang, C. F. M., Asghar, F., Xie, X., Lin, D., Liu, D., & Li, B. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18122892 · Cited by 9
In situ growth of graphdiyne on ZnCo-ZIF for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance
Guo, L., Shang, H., Peng, J., Li, H., & Pan, H. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d5ta04981d · Cited by 9
Transforming polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into carbon-based nanomaterials: Advancing sustainable solutions for green energy and environmental remediation
Pusuluru, S., Punna, S., Velmurugan, K., Samuel, M. S., Ethiraj, S., & Santhanam, N. (2025) · Next Nanotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100341 · Cited by 9
Synthetic Porous Carbons for High-Energy, High-Power Supercapacitors
Wang, F., Samartzis, N., Wang, T., & Dai, S. (2026) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6c00037 · Cited by 11
Formation of magnetic nanowire arrays by cooperative lateral growth
Chen, F., Yang, Z., Li, J., Jia, F., Wang, F., Zhao, D., Peng, R., & Wang, M. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abk0180 · Cited by 9
Ultrafast synthesis of battery grade graphite enabled by a multi-physics field carbonization
Li, F., Guo, Z., Song, Z., Wang, L., Zheng, L., Cheng, G., Mattevi, C., Hong, Z., & Titirici, M. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.142128 · Cited by 9
Recycling Polyethylene into High‐Value Porous Carbon Composites for Microwave Absorption
Zhang, Z., Chen, Q., Huang, L., Yang, X., & Yuan, Y. (2023) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202300366 · Cited by 9
Pulsed laser welding of macroscopic 3D graphene materials
Yu, W., Zhao, W., & Liu, X. (2023) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/d3mh01148h · Cited by 9
Graphite and Bismuth Selenide under Electrical Explosion in Confined Environment: Exfoliation, Phase Transition, and Surface Decoration
Han, R., Li, C., Gao, M., Cao, Y., Yuan, W., & Huang, Y. (2023) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.202201568 · Cited by 9
Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications
Yuan, J., Yang, G., Zhou, X., Huang, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Sustainable Carbon Materials · doi:10.48130/scm-0025-0005 · Cited by 8
Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphitic Carbon from Bio‐Waste Using Flash Heating for Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Optimal Performance
Kaur, J., Singh, A., Shiddiky, M. J. A., Wang, X., Frasca, P., & Alarco, J. A. (2024) · Advanced Sustainable Systems · doi:10.1002/adsu.202300610 · Cited by 8
High-Density Planar MoSe2/SnSe Heterojunction for Solar Energy Harvesting and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Xiang, J., Han, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, J., Mu, C., Wen, F., Wang, B., Zhai, K., Xue, T., Nie, A., et al. (2024) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.4c00579 · Cited by 8
Ultrafast Joule Heating Modification of Methane-Pyrolyzed Carbon Black for Supercapacitor Application
He, G., Shen, Z., & Liu, H. (2024) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c03818 · Cited by 8
Biomolecules-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Turbostratic Graphene Nanoscaffold Decorated with Cobalt Single Atoms for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Bora, S., Mukherjee, P., Seenivasan, K., Higashimine, K., Wada, T., Taniike, T., Saikia, B. K., & Thakur, A. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05389 · Cited by 8
Ultrafast regeneration of spent activated carbon and sustainable application
Luo, C., Zhu, E., Zhao, S., Wang, S., Xia, H., Li, J., Dai, L., Zhang, G., Fu, L., Zuo, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.115720 · Cited by 9
Flash recovery of lithium from spent anode graphite by carbothermal shock and water leaching
Song, D., Zhang, B., Du, H., Wu, J., Yu, J., & Li, J. (2025) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5gc00745c · Cited by 8
Ultrafast Microwave Carbonization of Waste Using Graphene Microreactor for Efficient Energy Storage
Sheng, D., Liu, X., Liu, B., Zhang, T., Zhou, S., Yin, H., Wang, Y., Ran, J., Zhang, Q., Chao, D., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202508032 · Cited by 8
Design and Fabrication of Microsphere‐Based Micro/Nano Structures for Efficient Electromagnetic Modulation and Absorption
Yan, Z., Rao, L., Wu, L., Li, Z., Zhu, H., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., M., G., Xu, X., You, W., et al. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202505984 · Cited by 8
Upcycling plastic waste into high-value gases via pulsed joule heating for economic and carbon benefits
Wan, Z., Xie, X., Ma, Y., Zhu, G., Jin, R., Lin, B., & Zheng, M. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.170735 · Cited by 8
Flash joule‐heating technology for material manufacturing, processing, and emerging applications
Yuan, X., Yan, C., Zhang, S., Yang, Y., Zhou, S., Huang, P., & Xia, D. (2026) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.70215 · Cited by 8
Ultrafast flash Joule heating upcycles biogas residue into high-quality, sustainable graphene composite materials
Xu, M., Deng, B., Wang, T., Ren, Z., Zheng, R., Zhong, J., Feng, E., Bi, H., Xu, X., Zhao, L., et al. (2026) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101557 · Cited by 8
Graphene from microwave-initiated upcycling of waste polyethylene for electrocatalytic reduction of chloramphenicol
Cao, Q., Cheng, X., Wang, J., Zhou, C., Yang, L., Wang, G., Chen, D., He, J., & Lu, J. (2023) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108759 · Cited by 8
Replacement of Concrete Aggregates with Coal-Derived Flash Graphene
Advincula, P. A., Meng, W., Eddy, L., Scotland, P., Beckham, J. L., Nagarajaiah, S., & Tour, J. M. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c15156 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Improving Electroactivity of N-Doped Graphene Derivatives with Electrical Induction Heating
Nosan, M., Pavko, L., Finšgar, M., Kolar, M., & Genorio, B. (2022) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c01184 · Cited by 8
High-Temperature Flexible Transparent Heater for Rapid Thermal Annealing of Thin Films
Liang, R., Wang, H., Shu, Z., Ye, M., Shu, L., Fei, L., Wang, D., Zheng, R., & Ke, S. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044049 · Cited by 7
Transient co-tuning of atomic Fe and nanoparticle facets for self-relaying Fenton-like catalysis
Luo, J., Zhu, X., Yu, F., Jia, C., Liu, C., Zhao, Q. X., Zhao, X., & Wu, F. (2024) · Communications Materials · doi:10.1038/s43246-024-00446-y · Cited by 7
Ultrafast and scalable materials synthesis with flash-within-flash Joule heating
(2024) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-024-01645-3 · Cited by 7
An Overview on Single-Layer Graphene Production Methods with High Quality for Large-Scale Applications
Muthumurugan, M., Theivasanthi, T., Behera, A., Sankar, B. V., & Gopinath, S. C. B. (2024) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-024-01741-1 · Cited by 7
Microwave Plasma-Driven Synthesis of Graphene and N-Graphene at a Gram Scale
Bundaleska, N., Felizardo, E., Dias, A., Ferraria, A. M., do Rego, A. M. B., Zavašnik, J., Cvelbar, U., Abrashev, M. V., Kiss’ovski, Z., Junior, A. R. D. A., et al. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13010196 · Cited by 7
Robust dual-channel catalytic degradation relying on organic pollutants via Cu-C composites with directional electron harvest and classical radical species generation
Cao, M., Gao, M., Wei, X., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.162062 · Cited by 7
Historical Data Mining Deep Dive into Machine Learning-Aided 2D Materials Research in Electrochemical Applications
Deshsorn, K., Chavalekvirat, P., Deepaisarn, S., Chuang, H.-C., & Iamprasertkun, P. (2025) · ACS Materials Au · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00030 · Cited by 8
Low-temperature graphitization by amine-assisted combustion of graphite oxide
Solomon, O. O., Jovanović, P., Mohonta, S. C., Nguyen, T. K., Aitchison, P., Karmakar, N. C., & Majumder, M. (2025) · npj 2D Materials and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41699-025-00572-2 · Cited by 7
Edge‐Free Graphene‐Derived Mesoporous Carbon for High‐Voltage Supercapacitors
Mapari, M. G., Jung, S., Sohn, E., Park, J., & Kim, T. Y. (2025) · Small Structures · doi:10.1002/sstr.202500265 · Cited by 7
Biomass-derived carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide
Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2025.08.030 · Cited by 8
Net-Zero Upcycling of Mixed Polyolefins by Spatially Homogeneous Joule Heating
Yan, Y., Lin, Z. W., Xu, B., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c05754 · Cited by 7
Aromatic plastic-driven high-selectivity hydrogen production and carbon sequestration via electrified flash pyrolysis
Niu, X., Chen, T., Zong, H., Sun, H., Chen, B., Li, X., Yan, J., & Sun, C. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.169769 · Cited by 7
Ultrafast Carbothermal Shock Strategy for Engineering Lattice Hydroxyl-Enriched Co-Based Catalysts toward Nitrate Electroreduction
Hu, X., Zhang, W., Feng, K., Cheng, L., Lv, X., Deng, Y., Zhong, J., Xu, H. J., & Deng, J. (2025) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c08597 · Cited by 7
Recent advances in joule heating ultrafast technology for electrocatalysis
Zhu, C., Zhu, D., Liu, F., & Li, R. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114602 · Cited by 7
Synergistic mechanochemical activation and carbon-thermal shock for full-component upcycling of retired photovoltaic modules
Wang, L., Wang, Z., Wu, J., Zhang, B., Yu, J., & Li, J. J. (2026) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108822 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Flash joule heating enabled construction of interface-rich nickel-cobalt alloy on coconut shell-derived carbon for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Ying, L., Ge, F., Yang, X., Jiang, J., & Zhou, M. (2026) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140467 · Cited by 7
Vibration and Wave Analyses in the Functionally Graded Graphene-Reinforced Composite Plates Based on the First-Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory
Zhou, Y., Liu, D., & Zhu, J. Z. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12063140 · Cited by 7
A Neoteric View of sp2 Amorphous Carbon
Федоровна, Ш. Е. (2023) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano13101648 · Cited by 7
Challenges and opportunities for the graphene industry. Sustainable approaches for the circular economy
Vinci, G., Gobbi, L., Ruggieri, R., Ruggeri, M., & Tiradritti, M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90914-3.00013-9 · Cited by 7
Ground-Breaking and Safe Recycling of Hazardous Hyperaccumulators
He, Z., Jia, C., Cheng, L., Yu, F., Sun, L., Lin, L., Teng, T., Wu, X., Gao, J. Y., Zuo, L., et al. (2023) · ACS ES&T Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsestengg.3c00278 · Cited by 7
Effectual visible-driven photocatalytic performances on brilliant green dye by reduced graphene oxide–zinc oxide nanocomposite
Yadav, P., Kapil, I., Dutta, M., & Bhaduri, A. (2024) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-024-05450-3 · Cited by 7
Adsorption of aqueous insensitive munitions compounds by graphene nanoplatelets
Gurtowski, L. A., McLeod, S., Zetterholm, S. G., Allison, C. D., Griggs, C. S., Gramm, J., Wyss, K. M., Tour, J. M., & Sanchez, F. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136091 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Flash rapid synthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3 featured with a nanocrystal/amorphous phase mingled texture for high-rate sodium storage
Hao, L., Li, Z., Cao, L., Lv, H., & Zhao, Y. B. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115378 · Cited by 8
Probing Atomic‐Scale Fracture of Grain Boundaries in Low‐symmetry 2D Materials
Zhang, H., Yu, Y., Dai, X., Yu, J., Xu, H., Wang, S., Ding, F., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202102739 · Cited by 7
Concept Modelling of Small Scale Device for Continuous Production of Graphene using Solidworks
Mishra, S. K., & Ullas, A. V. (2022) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.034 · Cited by 7
Advances in nanomaterials applied to crime combat and prevention
Ruiz-Gonzalez, A., Wang, M., Taroni, P. J., Teixeira, D., Ekblom, P., Johnson, S. D., & Choy, K. (2024) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109060 · Cited by 7
Sustainable Production of Graphene from Solar‐Driven Expanded Graphite
Shanavas, S., Elkaffas, R., Velusamy, D. B., Anjum, D. H., & Samad, Y. A. (2024) · Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research · doi:10.1002/aesr.202400274 · Cited by 6
Synthesis and Characterization of Agricultural Waste-Derived Carbon Nanomaterials (AWD-CNMs) for Tissue Engineering Application
Abdelmonem, M., Nair, R. D., Ibrahim, M. A., Soomro, R., Meli, A. D., Pratiwi, A. R., Elsisi, W. I., & Abdullah, C. A. C. (2025) · Nanostructure science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75247-6_10 · Cited by 6
Uniform dispersion of graphene in asphalt emulsion using an aerosol-based approach: An experimental–simulation study
Zhu, W., & Zhang, A. (2025) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142170 · Cited by 6
Extreme fast charging of Lithium-ion batteries using flash graphene additive
Saffanah, U., Avis, W., Widiyandari, H., Jumari, A., & Purwanto, A. J. (2025) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2025.107984 · Cited by 6
Graphene Architectures in Coal-Derived Carbon: Turbostratic Twist and Supercapacitor Promise
Sarmah, D., Hazarika, A., & Saikia, B. K. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02199 · Cited by 6
Preparation of CeO2/biochar composites by flash Joule heating and the research on its efficient removal performance of VOCs
Yu, L., Pan, K., Tang, Y., Xu, W., Chen, J., Fang, R., Li, Y., Yan, C., & Zhou, S. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.166572 · Cited by 6
Freeform monolithic graphitic aerogels by laser pyrolysis of pretreated blood-derived feedstocks
Hayashi, S., Das, A., Rupp, M., Wani, M. S., & Arnold, C. B. (2025) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2025.102432 · Cited by 6
Non‐Equilibrium Manufacturing for High‐Energy‐Input Solid‐State Battery Materials
Shen, H., Jia, Z., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Huang, Z., Shangguan, F.-E., Yan, S., Zhang, T., Chen, K., Xue, W., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202515467 · Cited by 6
Sensitive SERS detection of PFOA and PFOS using silver-decorated graphene hydrogel substrates.
Aghili, M., Chamberland, J. P., Barz, D. P. J., & Docoslis, A. (2026) · Talanta: The International Journal of Pure and Applied Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129738 · Cited by 4
Reticular-to-reactor carbon platforms: MOF/COF-derived hierarchically porous carbons for selective capture-and-kill water remediation
Hu, H., & Huang, J. (2026) · Surfaces and Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2026.109327 · Cited by 7
Virtual vibrational spectrometer for sp2 carbon clusters. 1. Polycyclic benzenoid-fused hydrocarbons
Федоровна, Ш. Е., Popova, N. A., & Popova, V. A. (2021) · Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures · doi:10.1080/1536383x.2021.1882429 · Cited by 6
Solvo/hydrothermal upcycling of polyethylene plastic-waste into carbon-based nanocomposite for supercapacitor application
Kigozi, M., Tebandeke, E., Kirabira, J. B., & Kasozi, G. N. (2023) · Materials Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02670836.2023.2215646 · Cited by 6
Intense thermal shock generators made of micron-thick SnO2 layers for the on-chip rapid thermal processing in air
Hossein‐Babaei, F., & Gharesi, M. (2024) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108719 · Cited by 6
Upcycled Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Reversible Room Temperature NO2 Gas Sensor
Trinh, V., Xu, K., Yu, H., Ha, N., Hu, Y., Khan, M. W., Ou, R., Luan, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, Q., et al. (2024) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors12060108 · Cited by 6
Electrothermally‐Driven Ultrafast Chemical Modulation of Multifunctional Nanocarbon Aerogels
Xia, D., Li, Q., Mannering, J., Qin, Y., Li, H., Xu, Y., Ahamed, A., Zhou, W., Kulak, A. N., & Huang, P. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202404364 · Cited by 6
In 2 Se 3 Synthesized by the FWF Method for Neuromorphic Computing
Shin, J., Jang, J., Choi, C. H., Kim, J., Eddy, L., Scotland, P., Martin, L. W., Han, Y., & Tour, J. M. (2024) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202400603 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Harnessing the potential of coal-derived graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposites: Enhancing thermal conductivity and fracture toughness
Lee, S., Kim, S., Choi, W.-J., Park, S., & Mahajan, R. L. (2024) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161881 · Cited by 6
Rapid electrothermal upcycling hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) polluted distillation residue into turbostratic graphene for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption
Chen, T., Zhao, Y., Sun, H., Niu, X., Li, P., Xia, Y., Lin, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Yan, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137160 · Cited by 6
Enhanced thermal conductivity of aluminum oxide /Polyphenylmethyldimethylsiloxane composites via boron nitride-encapsulated graphene
Sheng, M., Jing, J., Gong, H., Yu, J., Bi, J., Zhang, W., Lu, J., Fang, H., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025) · Composites Communications · doi:10.1016/j.coco.2025.102333 · Cited by 6
Portable, Wireless Potentiostat Sensor for Ultra-Sensitive, Real-Time Detection of 5hmC in Genomic DNA Using Tree-Like Graphene
Imran, H., Lim, S.-M., Alam, A., An, J., Ko, M., & Lim, S. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c18646 · Cited by 6
Advances in scalable 2D material synthesis: Flash Joule heating and beyond
Faizan, M., & Siddiqui, M. N. (2025) · Materials Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113639 · Cited by 6
Graphene from plastic waste makes cars greener
Pacchioni, G. (2022) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00452-x · Cited by 6
Optical properties of reduced graphene oxide nanodots prepared by laser ablation
Seliverstova, E. V., Ibrayev, N. K., Alikhaidarova, E., & Menshova, E. P. (2022) · Carbon letters · doi:10.1007/s42823-022-00377-z · Cited by 6
Upcycling of waste thermosets into multiple-responsive supramolecular materials via acid-catalyzed oxidation
Liu, X., Zhao, X., An, W., Zhou, X., Zhang, S., Xu, S., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125774 · Cited by 6
Ambient-condition strategy for rapid mass production of crystalline gallium oxide nanoarchitectures toward device application
Zhang, D., Yu, H., You, G., Shao, G., Fang, Z., Liang, Z., Zhang, T., Hou, H., Wang, L., Chen, Q., et al. (2023) · Journal of Material Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.060 · Cited by 6
Graphene: an exotic condensed matter and its impact on technology
Sharma, B. K. (2020) · Emerging Materials Research · doi:10.1680/jemmr.16.00147 · Cited by 6
Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties
Chen, Y., Fang, F., Abbel, R., Patel, M., & Parker, K. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21051911 · Cited by 6
Stacking order reduction in multilayer graphene by inserting nanospacers
Xu, Z., Inoue, T., Nishina, Y., & Kobayashi, Y. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0103826 · Cited by 6
Intrinsic pentagon defect engineering in multiple spatial-scale carbon frameworks for efficient triiodide reduction
Hou, S., Song, X., Yu, C., Chang, J., Ding, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, W., & Qiu, J. (2024) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2024.03.034 · Cited by 5
Influence of heat transfer at the graphene–polyimide interface on laser-induced graphene formation
Park, W. G., Park, J.-H., Park, S. C., Kim, K., Lee, E., & Ahn, J. (2024) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0207413 · Cited by 5
Elastic Deformation of Cellulose/Lignin‐Based Anode for Rejuvenating Aged Mix‐Cultured Electroactive Biofilms
Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Q., Suo, C., Dong, B., Song, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Yuan, R., Milanbieke, S., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202417788 · Cited by 5

Authors: Luong, D. X., Bets, K. V., Algozeeb, W. A., Stanford, M. G., Kittrell, C., Chen, W., Salvatierra, R. V., Ren, M., McHugh, E. A., Advincula, P. A., Wang, Z., Bhatt, M., Guo, H., Mancevski, V., Shahsavari, R., Yakobson, B. I., & Tour, J. M.
Affiliations: Rice University (US)
Corresponding author: Shahsavari, Rouzbeh
Yakobson, Boris I.
Tour, James M.
ORCID: Luong, Duy X.
Bets, Ksenia V.
Algozeeb, Wala Ali
Stanford, Michael G.
Kittrell, Carter
Chen, Weiyin
Salvatierra, Rodrigo V.
Ren, Muqing
Advincula, Paul A.
Wang, Zhe
Guo, Hua
Shahsavari, Rouzbeh
Yakobson, Boris I.
Tour, James M.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-01-27
Volume: 577
Issue: 7792
Pages: 647-651
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1938-0
OpenAlex: W3000867797
Cited by: 950
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 167 · 2025: 201 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 45
FWCI: 40.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: European Commission (696656)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10LABX-0026CSC)
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2015/18/E/ST5/00188, 2016/21/B/ST5/00175)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
Keywords: Joule heating, turbostratic stacking, graphene defects, carbon black, coal, petroleum coke, biochar, rubber tires, plastic waste, solvent-free synthesis, graphene composites, energy costs

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Gram-scale bottom-up flash graphene synthesis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks