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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Taddei, Cristina, Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Danaei, Goodarz, Jackson, Rod T., Farzadfar, Farshad, Sophiea, Marisa K., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia, Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez, Asghari, Golaleh, Dhana, Klodian, Gulayin, Pablo, Kakarmath, Sujay, Santero, Marilina, Voortman, Trudy, Riley, Leanne M., Cowan, Melanie J., Savin, Stefan, Bennett, James E., Stevens, Gretchen A., Paciorek, Christopher J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Cifkova, Renata, Giampaoli, Simona, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Laxmaiah, Avula, Margozzini, Paula, Mathur, Prashant, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Zhao, Dong, Aadahl, Mette, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Rahim, Hanan Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H., 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Jaime, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Modesti, Pietro A., Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Møllehave, Line T., Møller, Niels C., Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N., Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Muiesan, Maria L., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Mursu, Jaakko, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nauck, Matthias, Neal, William A., Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E., Nihal, Thomas, Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noto, Davide, Nsour, Mohannad Al, Nuhoğlu, Irfan, O’Neill, Terence W., O’Reilly, Dermot, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M., Oh, Kyungwon, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olié, Valérie, Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Pedro J., Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Parnell, Winsome R., Patel, Nikhil D., Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pigeot, Iris, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Plata, Silvia, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. 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DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
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Abstract

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries 1,2 . However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world 3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health 4,5 . However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.

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  1. Koopman, C. et al. Trends in risk factors for coronary heart disease in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 16, 835 (2016). · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3526-7
  2. Metcalf, P. et al. Trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in Auckland, New Zealand: 1982 to 2002–2003. N. Z. Med. J. 119, U2308 (2006).
  3. Sharashova, E., Wilsgaard, T. & Brenn, T. Resting heart rate on the decline: the Tromsø Study 1986–2007. Int. J. Epidemiol. 44, 1007–1017 (2015). · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv061
  4. Pajak, A. et al. Changes over time in blood lipids and their correlates in Polish rural and urban populations: the Poland–United States Collaborative Study in cardiopulmonary disease epidemiology. Ann. Epidemiol. 7, 115–124 (1997). · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00125-1
  5. Serra-Majem, L. et al. Trends in blood lipids and fat soluble vitamins in Catalonia, Spain (1992–2003). Public Health Nutr. 10, 1379–1388 (2007). · DOI

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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Taddei, C., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Danaei, G., Jackson, R. T., Farzadfar, F., Sophiea, M. K., Di Cesare, M., Iurilli, M. L. C., Martinez, A. R., Asghari, G., Dhana, K., Gulayin, P., Kakarmath, S., Santero, M., Voortman, T., Riley, L. M., Cowan, M. J., Savin, S., Bennett, J. E., Stevens, G. A., Paciorek, C. J., Aekplakorn, W., Cifkova, R., Giampaoli, S., Kengne, A. P., Khang, Y.-H., Kuulasmaa, K., Laxmaiah, A., Margozzini, P., Mathur, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., Zhao, D., Aadahl, M., Abarca-Gómez, L., Rahim, H. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R. J., Agdeppa, I. A., Aghazadeh-Attari, J., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Agyemang, C., Ahluwalia, T. S., Ahmad, N. A., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadi, N., Ahmed, S. H., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Alarouj, M., AlBuhairan, F., AlDhukair, S., Ali, M. M., Alkandari, A., Alkerwi, A., Aly, E., Amarapurkar, D. N., Amouyel, P., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S. A., Anjana, R. M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Araújo, J., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arku, R. E., Arlappa, N., Aryal, K. K., Aspelund, T., Assunção, M. C. F., Auvinen, J., Avdicová, M., Azevedo, A., Azizi, F., Azmin, M., Balakrishna, N., Bamoshmoosh, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J. R., Barbagallo, C. M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Bata, I., Batieha, A. M., Batyrbek, A., Baur, L. A., Beaglehole, R., Belavendra, A., Ben Romdhane, H., Benet, M., Benn, M., Berkinbayev, S., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhargava, S. K., Bi, Y., Bienek, A., Bikbov, M., Bista, B., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M. B., Björkelund, C., Bloch, K. V., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Boehm, B. O., Boggia, J. G., Boissonnet, C. P., Bonaccio, M., Bongard, V., Borchini, R., Borghs, H., Bovet, P., Brajkovich, I., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L. M., Bruno, G., Bugge, A., Busch, M. A., de León, A. C., Cacciottolo, J., Can, G., Cândido, A. P. C., Capanzana, M. V., Capuano, E., Capuano, V., Cardoso, V. C., Carvalho, J., Casanueva, F. F., Censi, L., Chadjigeorgiou, C. A., Chamukuttan, S., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.-J., Chen, F., Chen, S., Cheng, C.-Y., Cheraghian, B., Chetrit, A., Chiou, S.-T., Chirlaque, M.-D., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Chudek, J., Claessens, F., Clarke, J., Clays, E., Concin, H., Confortin, S. C., Cooper, C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Crujeiras, A. B., Csilla, S., Cui, L., Cureau, F. V., D’Arrigo, G., d’Orsi, E., Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A., Dankner, R., Dantoft, T. M., Dauchet, L., Davletov, K., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., de Gaetano, G., De Henauw, S., de Oliveira, P. D., De Ridder, D., De Smedt, D., Deepa, M., Deev, A. D., Dehghan, A., Delisle, H., Dennison, E., Deschamps, V., Dhimal, M., Di Castelnuovo, A. F., Dika, Z., Djalalinia, S., Dobson, A. J., Donfrancesco, C., Donoso, S. P., Döring, A., Dorobantu, M., Dragano, N., Drygas, W., Du, Y., Duante, C. A., Duda, R. B., Dzerve, V., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E., Eddie, R., Eftekhar, E., Eggertsen, R., Eghtesad, S., Eiben, G., Ekelund, U., El Ati, J., Eldemire-Shearer, D., Eliasen, M., Elosua, R., Erasmus, R. T., Erbel, R., Erem, C., Eriksen, L., Eriksson, J. G., Escobedo-de la Peña, J., Eslami, S., Esmaeili, A., Evans, A., Faeh, D., Fall, C. H., Faramarzi, E., Farjam, M., Fattahi, M. R., Felix-Redondo, F. J., Ferguson, T. S., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrante, D., Ferrari, M., Ferreccio, C., Ferrieres, J., Föger, B., Foo, L. H., Forslund, A.-S., Forsner, M., Fouad, H. M., Francis, D. K., do Carmo Franco, M., Franco, O. H., Frontera, G., Fujita, Y., Fumihiko, M., Furusawa, T., Gaciong, Z., Galvano, F., Gao, J., Garcia-de-la-Hera, M., Garnett, S. P., Gaspoz, J.-M., Gasull, M., Gazzinelli, A., Geleijnse, J. M., Ghanbari, A., Ghasemi, E., Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F., Ghimire, A., Gianfagna, F., Gill, T. K., Giovannelli, J., Gironella, G., Giwercman, A., Goltzman, D., Gonçalves, H., Gonzalez-Chica, D. A., Gonzalez-Gross, M., González-Rivas, J. P., González-Villalpando, C., González-Villalpando, M.-E., Gonzalez, A. R., Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S., Grafnetter, D., Gregor, R. D., Grodzicki, T., Grøntved, A., Grosso, G., Gruden, G., Gu, D., Guallar-Castillón, P., Guan, O. P., Gudmundsson, E. F., Gudnason, V., Guerrero, R., Guessous, I., Gunnlaugsdottir, J., Gupta, R., Gutierrez, L., Gutzwiller, F., Ha, S., Hadaegh, F., Haghshenas, R., Hakimi, H., Hambleton, I. R., Hamzeh, B., Hantunen, S., Kumar, R. H., Hashemi-Shahri, S. M., Hata, J., Haugsgjerd, T., Hayes, A. J., He, J., He, Y., Hendriks, M. E., Henriques, A., Herrala, S., Heshmat, R., Hill, A. G., Ho, S. Y., Ho, S. C., Hobbs, M., Hofman, A., Homayounfar, R., Hopman, W. M., Horimoto, A. R. V. R., Hormiga, C. M., Horta, B. L., Houti, L., Howitt, C., Htay, T. T., Htet, A. S., Htike, M. M. T., Huerta, J. M., Huhtaniemi, I. T., Huisman, M., Hunsberger, M. L., Husseini, A. S., Huybrechts, I., Hwalla, N., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A. G., Ibrahim, M. M., Wong, N. I., Iglesia, I., Ikeda, N., Ikram, M. A., Iotova, V., Irazola, V. E., Ishida, T., Islam, M., al-Safi Ismail, A., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, J. M., Jaddou, H. Y., Jafar, T., James, K., Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I., Janus, E., Jarvelin, M.-R., Jasienska, G., Jelakovic, A., Jelakovic, B., Jennings, G., Jensen, G. B., Jeong, S.-L., Jha, A. K., Jiang, C. Q., Jimenez, R. O., Jöckel, K.-H., Joffres, M., Jokelainen, J. J., Jonas, J. B., Jørgensen, T., Joshi, P., Joukar, F., Józwiak, J., Juolevi, A., Kafatos, A., Kajantie, E. O., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kamaruddin, N. A., Kamstrup, P. R., Karki, K. B., Katz, J., Kauhanen, J., Kaur, P., Kavousi, M., Kazakbaeva, G., Keil, U., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Kelishadi, R., Keramati, M., Kerimkulova, A., Kersting, M., Khader, Y. S., Khalili, D., Khateeb, M., Kheradmand, M., Khosravi, A., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U., Kiechl, S., Killewo, J., Kim, H. C., Kim, J., Kim, Y.-Y., Klumbiene, J., Knoflach, M., Ko, S., Kohler, H.-P., Kohler, I. V., Kolle, E., Kolsteren, P., König, J., Korpelainen, R., Korrovits, P., Kos, J., Koskinen, S., Kouda, K., Kowlessur, S., Kratzer, W., Kriemler, S., Kristensen, P. L., Krokstad, S., Kromhout, D., Kujala, U. M., Kurjata, P., Kyobutungi, C., Laamiri, F. Z., Laatikainen, T., Lachat, C., Laid, Y., Lam, T. H., Lambrinou, C.-P., Lanska, V., Lappas, G., Larijani, B., Latt, T. S., Laugsand, L. E., Lazo-Porras, M., Lee, J., Lee, J., Lehmann, N., Lehtimäki, T., Levitt, N. S., Li, Y., Lilly, C. L., Lim, W.-Y., Lima-Costa, M. F., Lin, H.-H., Lin, X., Lin, Y.-T., Lind, L., Linneberg, A., Lissner, L., Liu, J., Loit, H.-M., Lopez-Garcia, E., Lopez, T., Lotufo, P. A., Lozano, J. E., Luksiene, D., Lundqvist, A., Lundqvist, R., Lunet, N., Ma, G., Machado-Coelho, G. L. L., Machado-Rodrigues, A. M., Machi, S., Madar, A. A., Maggi, S., Magliano, D. J., Magriplis, E., Mahasampath, G., Maire, B., Makdisse, M., Malekzadeh, F., Malekzadeh, R., Rao, K. M., Manios, Y., Mann, J. I., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Manzato, E., Marques-Vidal, P., Martorell, R., Mascarenhas, L. P., Mathiesen, E. B., Matsha, T. E., Mavrogianni, C., McFarlane, S. R., McGarvey, S. T., McLachlan, S., McLean, R. M., McLean, S. B., McNulty, B. A., Mediene-Benchekor, S., Mehdipour, P., Mehlig, K., Mehrparvar, A. H., Meirhaeghe, A., Meisinger, C., Menezes, A. M. B., Menon, G. R., Merat, S., Mereke, A., Meshram, I. I., Metcalf, P., Meyer, H. E., Mi, J., Michels, N., Miller, J. C., Minderico, C. S., Mini, G. K., Miquel, J. F., Miranda, J. J., Mirjalili, M. R., Mirrakhimov, E., Modesti, P. A., Moghaddam, S. S., Mohajer, B., Mohamed, M. K., Mohammad, K., Mohammadi, Z., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohan, V., Mohanna, S., Yusoff, M. F. M., Mohebbi, I., Mohebi, F., Moitry, M., Møllehave, L. T., Møller, N. C., Molnár, D., Momenan, A., Mondo, C. K., Monterrubio-Flores, E., Moosazadeh, M., Morejon, A., Moreno, L. A., Morgan, K., Morin, S. N., Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M., Mostafa, A., Mota, J., Motlagh, M. E., Motta, J., Msyamboza, K. P., Muiesan, M. L., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Mursu, J., Mustafa, N., Nabipour, I., Naderimagham, S., Nagel, G., Naidu, B. M., Najafi, F., Nakamura, H., Námešná, J., Nang, E. E. K., Nangia, V. B., Nauck, M., Neal, W. A., Nejatizadeh, A., Nenko, I., Nervi, F., Nguyen, N. D., Nguyen, Q. N., Nieto-Martínez, R. E., Nihal, T., Niiranen, T. J., Ning, G., Ninomiya, T., Noale, M., Noboa, O. A., Noto, D., Nsour, M. A., Nuhoğlu, I., O’Neill, T. W., O’Reilly, D., Ochoa-Avilés, A. M., Oh, K., Ohtsuka, R., Olafsson, Ö., Olié, V., Oliveira, I. O., Omar, M. A., Onat, A., Ong, S. K., Ordunez, P., Ornelas, R., Ortiz, P. J., Osmond, C., Ostojic, S. M., Ostovar, A., Otero, J. A., Owusu-Dabo, E., Paccaud, F. M., Pahomova, E., Pajak, A., Palmieri, L., Pan, W.-H., Panda-Jonas, S., Panza, F., Parnell, W. R., Patel, N. D., Peer, N., Peixoto, S. V., Peltonen, M., Pereira, A. C., Peters, A., Petersmann, A., Petkeviciene, J., Peykari, N., Pham, S. T., Pichardo, R. N., Pigeot, I., Pilav, A., Pilotto, L., Piwonska, A., Pizarro, A. N., Plans-Rubió, P., Plata, S., Pohlabeln, H., Porta, M., Portegies, M. L. P., Poudyal, A., Pourfarzi, F., Poustchi, H., Pradeepa, R., Price, J. F., Providencia, R., Puder, J. J., Puhakka, S. E., Punab, M., Qorbani, M., Bao, T. Q., Radisauskas, R., Rahimikazerooni, S., Raitakari, O., Rao, S. R., Ramachandran, A., Ramos, E., Ramos, R., Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Redon, J., Reganit, P. F. M., Revilla, L., Rezaianzadeh, A., Ribeiro, R., Richter, A., Rigo, F., Rinke de Wit, T. F., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M., Rodríguez-Villamizar, L. A., Roggenbuck, U., Rojas-Martinez, R., Romaguera, D., Romeo, E. L., Rosengren, A., Roy, J. G. R., Rubinstein, A., Ruidavets, J.-B., Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S., Russo, P., Rust, P., Rutkowski, M., Sabanayagam, C., Sachdev, H. S., Sadjadi, A., Safarpour, A. R., Safiri, S., Saidi, O., Saki, N., Salanave, B., Salmerón, D., Salomaa, V., Salonen, J. T., Salvetti, M., Sánchez-Abanto, J., Sans, S., Santaliestra-Pasías, A. M., Santos, D. A., Santos, M. P., Santos, R., Saramies, J. L., Sardinha, L. B., Sarrafzadegan, N., Saum, K.-U., Savva, S. C., Sawada, N., Sbaraini, M., Scazufca, M., Schaan, B. D., Schargrodsky, H., Scheidt-Nave, C., Schienkiewitz, A., Schipf, S., Schmidt, C. O., Schöttker, B., Schramm, S., Sebert, S., Sein, A. A., Sen, A., Sepanlou, S. G., Servais, J., Shakeri, R., Shalnova, S. A., Shamah-Levy, T., Sharafkhah, M., Sharma, S. K., Shaw, J. E., Shayanrad, A., Shi, Z., Shibuya, K., Shimizu-Furusawa, H., Shin, D. W., Shin, Y., Shirani, M., Shiri, R., Shrestha, N., Si-Ramlee, K., Siani, A., Siantar, R., Sibai, A. M., Silva, D. A. S., Simon, M., Simons, J., Simons, L. A., Sjöström, M., Skaaby, T., Slowikowska-Hilczer, J., Slusarczyk, P., Smeeth, L., Snijder, M. B., Söderberg, S., Soemantri, A., Sofat, R., Solfrizzi, V., Somi, M. H., Sonestedt, E., Sørensen, T. I. A., Jérome, C. S., Soumaré, A., Sozmen, K., Sparrenberger, K., Staessen, J. A., Stathopoulou, M. G., Stavreski, B., Steene-Johannessen, J., Stehle, P., Stein, A. D., Stessman, J., Stevanović, R., Stieber, J., Stöckl, D., Stokwiszewski, J., Stronks, K., Strufaldi, M. W., Suárez-Medina, R., Sun, C.-A., Sundström, J., Suriyawongpaisal, P., Sy, R. G., Sylva, R. C., Szklo, M., Tai, E. S., Tamosiunas, A., Tan, E. J., Tarawneh, M. R., Tarqui-Mamani, C. B., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tell, G. S., Tello, T., Thankappan, K. R., Thijs, L., Thuesen, B. H., Toft, U., Tolonen, H. K., Tolstrup, J. S., Topbas, M., Topór-Madry, R., Tormo, M. J., Tornaritis, M. J., Torrent, M., Torres-Collado, L., Traissac, P., Trinh, O. T. H., Truthmann, J., Tsugane, S., Tulloch-Reid, M. K., Tuomainen, T.-P., Tuomilehto, J., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Tzourio, C., Ueda, P., Ugel, E., Ulmer, H., Unal, B., Uusitalo, H. M. T., Valdivia, G., Valvi, D., van Dam, R. M., van der Schouw, Y. T., Van Herck, K., Van Minh, H., van Rossem, L., Van Schoor, N. M., van Valkengoed, I. G. M., Vanderschueren, D., Vanuzzo, D., Varbo, A., Varona-Pérez, P., Vasan, S. K., Vatten, L., Vega, T., Veidebaum, T., Velasquez-Melendez, G., Venero-Fernández, S. J., Veronesi, G., Verschuren, W. M. M., Victora, C. G., Vidiawati, D., Viet, L., Villalpando, S., Vioque, J., Virtanen, J. K., Visvikis-Siest, S., Viswanathan, B., Vlasoff, T., Vollenweider, P., Voutilainen, A., Wade, A. N., Wagner, A., Walton, J., Bebakar, W. M. W., Mohamud, W. N. W., Wang, M.-D., Wang, N., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. X., Wang, Y.-W., Wannamethee, S. G., Wedderkopp, N., Wei, W., Whincup, P. H., Widhalm, K., Widyahening, I. S., Wiecek, A., Wijga, A. H., Wilks, R. J., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Wilsgaard, T., Wojtyniak, B., Wong-McClure, R. A., Wong, A., Wong, T. Y., Woo, J., Woodward, M., Wu, F. C., Wu, S., Xu, H., Xu, L., Yan, W., Yang, X., Yasuharu, T., Ye, X., Yeow, T. P., Yiallouros, P. K., Yoosefi, M., Yoshihara, A., You, S.-L., Younger-Coleman, N. O., Yusoff, A. F., Zainuddin, A. A., Zakavi, S. R., Zali, M. R., Zamani, F., Zambon, S., Zampelas, A., Zaw, K. K., Zdrojewski, T., Vrkic, T. Z., Zhang, Z.-Y., Zhao, W., Zhen, S., Zheng, Y., Zholdin, B., Zhussupov, B., Zoghlami, N., Cisneros, J. Z., Gregg, E. W., & Ezzati, M.
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-06-03
Volume
582
Issue
7810
Pages
73-77
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
OpenAlex
W3033499384
Cited by
298
References
70
FWCI
30.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
The paper
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Taddei, C., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Danaei, G., Jackson, R. T., Farzadfar, F., Sophiea, M. K., Di Cesare, M., Iurilli, M. L. C., Martinez, A. R., Asghari, G., Dhana, K., Gulayin, P., Kakarmath, S., Santero, M., Voortman, T., Riley, L. M., . . . Ezzati, M. (2020). Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.