Microbial peptides activate tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma
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Abstract Microbial organisms have key roles in numerous physiological processes in the human body and have recently been shown to modify the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors1,2. Here we aim to address the role of microbial organisms and their potential role in immune reactivity against glioblastoma. We demonstrate that HLA molecules of both glioblastoma tissues and tumour cell lines present bacteria-specific peptides. This finding prompted us to examine whether tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) recognize tumour-derived bacterial peptides. Bacterial peptides eluted from HLA class II molecules are recognized by TILs, albeit very weakly. Using an unbiased antigen discovery approach to probe the specificity of a TIL CD4+ T cell clone, we show that it recognizes a broad spectrum of peptides from pathogenic bacteria, commensal gut microbiota and also glioblastoma-related tumour antigens. These peptides were also strongly stimulatory for bulk TILs and peripheral blood memory cells, which then respond to tumour-derived target peptides. Our data hint at how bacterial pathogens and bacterial gut microbiota can be involved in specific immune recognition of tumour antigens. The unbiased identification of microbial target antigens for TILs holds promise for future personalized tumour vaccination approaches.
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The gut microbiome's vast antigen reservoir may facilitate cross-reactivity between bacterial and tumor antigens, thereby enhancing antitumor immune responses.
“Moreover, the gut microbiome’s vast antigen reservoir may facilitate cross-reactivity between bacterial and tumor antigens, thereby enhancing antitumor immune responses (Fluckiger et al., 2020; Naghavian et al., 2023).”
From Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies (2025) · cites this paper as Naghavian et al., 2023
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Pan-cancer atlas of tumor-resident microbiome, immunity and prognosis
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Endotoxin-Free Outer Membrane Vesicles for Safe and Modular Anticancer Immunotherapy
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Zonulin as Gatekeeper in Gut–Brain Axis: Dysregulation in Glioblastoma
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Exploring the role of LOX family in glioma progression and immune modulation
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Research and Clinical Progress of Therapeutic Tumor Vaccines
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Immunologic specificity in glioblastoma: Antigen discovery and translational implications
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- Authors
- Naghavian, R., Faigle, W., Oldrati, P., Wang, J., Toussaint, N. C., Qiu, Y., Medici, G., Wacker, M., Freudenmann, L. K., Bonté, P.-E., Weller, M., Regli, L., Amigorena, S., Rammensee, H.-G., Walz, J. S., Brugger, S. D., Mohme, M., Zhao, Y., Sospedra, M., Neidert, M. C., & Martin, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (CH)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Naghavian, Reza
- Faigle, Wolfgang
- Oldrati, Pietro
- Wang, Jian
- Toussaint, Nora C.
- Qiu, Yuhan
- Medici, Gioele
- Wacker, Marcel
- Freudenmann, Lena K.
- Bonté, Pierre-Emmanuel
- Weller, Michael
- Regli, Luca
- Amigorena, Sebastian
- Rammensee, Hans-Georg
- Walz, Juliane S.
- Brugger, Silvio D.
- Mohme, Malte
- Zhao, Yingdong
- Sospedra, Mireia
- Neidert, Marian C.
- Martin, Roland
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2023-05-17
- Volume
- 617
- Issue
- 7962
- Pages
- 807-817
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC10208956
- OpenAlex
- W4376959488
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 17.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (153213)
- Universität Zürich
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (340733)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- glioblastoma, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, bacterial peptides, HLA class II, tumor antigen presentation, gut microbiota, commensal bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, CD4+ T cells, personalized cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Antigens, Neoplasm, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Glioblastoma, HLA Antigens, Humans, Peptide Fragments, Symbiosis, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Cancer Vaccines, Cell Line, Tumor
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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