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Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci
Open accessAbstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and fine-mapping efforts to date have identified more than 100 prostate cancer (PrCa)-susceptibility loci. We meta-analyzed genotype data from a custom high-density array of 46,939 PrCa cases and 27,910 controls of European ancestry with previously genotyped data of 32,255 PrCa cases and 33,202 controls of European ancestry. Our analysis identified 62 novel loci associated (P < 5.0 × 10-8) with PrCa and one locus significantly associated with early-onset PrCa (≤55 years). Our findings include missense variants rs1800057 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; P = 8.2 × 10-9; G>C, p.Pro1054Arg) in ATM and rs2066827 (OR = 1.06; P = 2.3 × 10-9; T>G, p.Val109Gly) in CDKN1B. The combination of all loci captured 28.4% of the PrCa familial relative risk, and a polygenic risk score conferred an elevated PrCa risk for men in the ninetieth to ninety-ninth percentiles (relative risk = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.55-2.82) and first percentile (relative risk = 5.71; 95% CI: 5.04-6.48) risk stratum compared with the population average. These findings improve risk prediction, enhance fine-mapping, and provide insight into the underlying biology of PrCa 1.
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“For example, polygenic risk scores alone already predict breast cancer, prostate cancer, and type 1 diabetes risk in European descent patients more accurately than current clinical models2–4.”
From Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
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Flynn, E., Tanigawa, Y., Rodríguez, F., Altman, R. B., Sinnott-Armstrong, N., & Rivas, M. A. (2020) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-020-00712-w · Cited by 89
A Multiple-Testing Procedure for High-Dimensional Mediation Hypotheses
Dai, J. Y., Stanford, J. L., & LeBlanc, M. L. (2020) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2020.1765785 · Cited by 90
“The most recent and the largest GWAS assembled 79,194 cases and 61,112 controls of European ancestry from 59 studies, and identified 62 novel loci associated with the overall prostate cancer risk (Schumacher et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAssessing Lung Cancer Absolute Risk Trajectory Based on a Polygenic Risk Model
Hung, R. J., Warkentin, M. T., Brhane, Y., Chatterjee, N., Christiani, D. C., Landi, M. T., Caporaso, N. E., Liu, G., Johansson, M., Albanes, D., et al. (2021) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1237 · Cited by 91
“Yes 3,514 (31) 1,565 (19) 180 (10) 5,311 (2) 196 (10) 2,381 (5) Polygenic Model for Lung Cancer Absolute Risk Trajectory”
Self-citationRecurrent repeat expansions in human cancer genomes
Erwin, G. S., Gürsoy, G., Al-Abri, R., Suriyaprakash, A., Dolzhenko, E., Zhu, K., Hoerner, C. R., White, S. M., Ramirez, L., Vadlakonda, A., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05515-1 · Cited by 86
Self-citationInferring disease architecture and predictive ability with LDpred2-auto
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Causal inference for heritable phenotypic risk factors using heterogeneous genetic instruments
Wang, J., Zhao, Q., Bowden, J., Hemani, G., Smith, G. D., Small, D. S., & Zhang, N. R. (2021) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009575 · Cited by 85
Identifying and correcting for misspecifications in GWAS summary statistics and polygenic scores
Privé, F., Arbel, J., Aschard, H., & Vilhjálmsson, B. J. (2022) · Human Genetics and Genomics Advances · doi:10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100136 · Cited by 85
Berstein, F. M., McCartney, D. L., Lu, A. T., Tsilidis, K. K., Bouras, E., Haycock, P., Burrows, K., Phipps, A. I., Buchanan, D. D., Cheng, I. C., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75374 · Cited by 89
“804 Prostate cancer GWAS summary data were acquired from a Prostate Cancer Association 805 Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) study by 806 Schumacher et al.(72).”
Self-citationGenome-wide risk prediction of common diseases across ancestries in one million people
Mars, N., Kerminen, S., Feng, Y. A., Kanai, M., Läll, K., Thomas, L. F., Skogholt, A. H., Parolo, P. D. B., Neale, B. M., Smoller, J. W., et al. (2022) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100118 · Cited by 83
“Compared to the PRSs containing a smaller number of variants, the genome-wide PRSs showed generally better performance and higher transferability to individuals of South Asian and African ancestry.(13,18) The main exception was African ancestry, where the prostate cancer PRS consisting of 269 variants outperformed the…”
ResultWei, Z., Yang, B., Tang, T., Xiao, Z., Ye, F., Li, X., Wu, S., Huang, J., & Jiang, S. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5772 · Cited by 80
Germline Sequencing DNA Repair Genes in 5545 Men With Aggressive and Nonaggressive Prostate Cancer
Darst, B. F., Dadaev, T., Saunders, E. J., Sheng, X., Wan, P. C., Pooler, L., Xia, L. Y., Chanock, S. J., Berndt, S. I., Gapstur, S. M., et al. (2020) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djaa132 · Cited by 84
Self-citationRare Germline Variants in ATM Predispose to Prostate Cancer: A PRACTICAL Consortium Study
Karlsson, Q., Brook, M. N., Dadaev, T., Wakerell, S., Saunders, E. J., Muir, K. R., Neal, D. E., Giles, G. G., MacInnis, R. J., Thibodeau, S. N., et al. (2021) · European Urology Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.euo.2020.12.001 · Cited by 86
Self-citationCombined Effect of a Polygenic Risk Score and Rare Genetic Variants on Prostate Cancer Risk
Darst, B. F., Sheng, X., Eeles, R. A., Kote‐Jarai, Z., Conti, D. V., & Haiman, C. A. (2021) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.04.013 · Cited by 78
Self-citationVithayathil, M. K., Carter, P., Kar, S., Mason, A. M., Burgess, S., & Larsson, S. C. (2021) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003706 · Cited by 81
“In addition, publicly available data were extracted from the MR-Base platform [30] for lung, breast, ovarian, uterine, and prostate cancer from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (11,348 cases and 15,861 controls) [31], Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) (122,977 cases and 105,974 controls) [32], the Ov…”
BackgroundMazrooei, P., Kron, K. J., Zhu, Y., Zhou, S., Grillo, G., Mehdi, T., Ahmed, M., Severson, T., Guilhamon, P., Armstrong, N. S., et al. (2019) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2019.10.005 · Cited by 73
Self-citationSlenders, L., Landsmeer, L. P. L., Cui, K., Depuydt, M. A. C., Verwer, M. C., Mekke, J. M., Timmerman, N., van den Dungen, N. A. M., Kuiper, J., de Winther, M. P. J., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal Open · doi:10.1093/ehjopen/oeab043 · Cited by 71
African-specific molecular taxonomy of prostate cancer
Jaratlerdsiri, W., Jiang, J., Gong, T., Patrick, S. M., Willet, C. E., Chew, T., Lyons, R. J., Haynes, A., Pasqualim, G., Louw, M., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05154-6 · Cited by 75
Self-citationPolygenic hazard score is associated with prostate cancer in multi-ethnic populations
Huynh‐Le, M., Fan, C. C., Karunamuni, R. A., Thompson, W. K., Martı́nez, M. E., Eeles, R. A., Kote‐Jarai, Z., Muir, K. R., collaborators, U., Schleutker, J., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21287-0 · Cited by 67
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Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk
Dareng, E., Tyrer, J. P., Barnes, D. R., Jones, M. R., Yang, X., Aben, K. K. H., Adank, M. A., Agata, S., Andrulis, I. L., Anton‐Culver, H., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-021-00987-7 · Cited by 73
“DISCUSSION Genetic risk profiling with PRSs has led to actionable outcomes for cancers such as breast and prostate [22, 23].”
BackgroundSelf-citationYuan, S., Wang, L., Zhang, H., Xu, F., Zhou, X., Yu, L., Sun, J., Chen, J., Ying, H., Xu, X., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104488 · Cited by 73
Self-citationClinical utility of polygenic risk scores: a critical 2023 appraisal
Koch, S., Schmidtke, J., Krawczak, M., & Caliebe, A. (2023) · Journal of Community Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12687-023-00645-z · Cited by 80
Genome Sequencing during a Patient’s Journey through Cancer
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Vitamin D and overall cancer risk and cancer mortality: a Mendelian randomization study
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Hollis, B., Day, F. R., Busch, A. S., Thompson, D. J., Soares, A. G., Timmers, P. R. H. J., Kwong, A. S. F., Easton, D. F., Joshi, P. K., Timpson, N. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14451-5 · Cited by 78
Self-citationRozet, F., Mongiat-Artus, P., Hennequin, C., Beauval, J., Beuzeboc, P., Cormier, L., Fromont, G., Mathiéu, R., Ploussard, G., Renard‐Penna, R., et al. (2020) · The French Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s1166-7087(20)30752-1 · Cited by 79
Self-citationHereditary Predisposition to Prostate Cancer: From Genetics to Clinical Implications
Brandão, A., Paulo, P., & Teixeira, M. R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21145036 · Cited by 74
“Overall, large case-control GWAS have uncovered approximately 170 common low-penetrance susceptibility loci (typically, individually ORs < 2) that, in combination, may explain over 30% of the familial relative risk (FRR) of PrCa in European ancestry populations [14,15,125].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCirculating vitamin C concentration and risk of cancers: a Mendelian randomization study
Fu, Y., Xu, F., Jiang, L., Miao, Z., Liang, X., Yang, J., Larsson, S. C., & Zheng, J. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02041-1 · Cited by 73
“We retrieved publicly available summary-level data of 140,254 participants of European ancestry (79,148 prostate cancer cases and 61, 106 controls) from a meta-analysis of 8 GWASs included in the PRACTICAL consortium [29].”
MethodYarmolinsky, J., Díez‐Obrero, V., Richardson, T. G., Pigeyre, M., Sjaarda, J., Paré, G., Walker, V. M., Vincent, E. E., Tan, V. Y., Obón‐Santacana, M., et al. (2022) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003897 · Cited by 71
“Summary genetic association estimates for overall and advanced prostate cancer risk in up to 79,148 cases and 61,106 controls were obtained from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium [40].”
MethodSelf-citationXin, J., Jiang, X., Ben, S., Yuan, Q., Su, L., Zhang, Z., Christiani, D. C., Du, M., & Wang, M. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02366-5 · Cited by 73
Genome-wide germline correlates of the epigenetic landscape of prostate cancer
Houlahan, K. E., Shiah, Y.-J., Gusev, A., Yuan, J., Ahmed, M., Shetty, A. H., Ramanand, S. G., Yao, C. Q., Bell, C. A., O’Connor, E. P., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0579-z · Cited by 67
Self-citationPolygenic risk score association with multiple sclerosis susceptibility and phenotype in Europeans
Shams, H., Shao, X., Santaniello, A., Kirkish, G., Harroud, A., Ma, Q., Isobe, N., Alexander, J., Bove, R. M., Baranzini, S. E., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac092 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Study, T. P., Schumacher, F. R., (APCB), A. P. C. B., Study, T. I., Canary PASS Investigators, Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3), The PRACTICAL (Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome) Consortium, (CAPS), C. O. T. P. I. S., Prostate Cancer Genome-wide Association Study of Uncommon Susceptibility Loci (PEGASUS), The Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON)/Elucidating Loci Involved in Prostate Cancer Susceptibility (ELLIPSE) Consortium, Al Olama, A. A., Berndt, S. I., Benlloch, S., Ahmed, M., Saunders, E. J., Dadaev, T., Leongamornlert, D., Anokian, E., Cieza-Borrella, C., Goh, C., Brook, M. N., Sheng, X., Fachal, L., Dennis, J., Tyrer, J., Muir, K., Lophatananon, A., Stevens, V. L., Gapstur, S. M., Carter, B. D., Tangen, C. M., Goodman, P. J., Thompson, I. M., Batra, J., Chambers, S., Moya, L., Clements, J., Horvath, L., Tilley, W., Risbridger, G. P., Gronberg, H., Aly, M., Nordström, T., Pharoah, P., Pashayan, N., Schleutker, J., Tammela, T. L. J., Sipeky, C., Auvinen, A., Albanes, D., Weinstein, S., Wolk, A., Håkansson, N., West, C. M. L., Dunning, A. M., Burnet, N., Mucci, L. A., Giovannucci, E., Andriole, G. L., Cussenot, O., Cancel-Tassin, G., Koutros, S., Beane Freeman, L. E., Sorensen, K. D., Orntoft, T. F., Borre, M., Maehle, L., Grindedal, E. M., Neal, D. E., Donovan, J. L., Hamdy, F. C., Martin, R. M., Travis, R. C., Key, T. J., Hamilton, R. J., Fleshner, N. E., Finelli, A., Ingles, S. A., Stern, M. C., Rosenstein, B. S., Kerns, S. L., Ostrer, H., Lu, Y.-J., Zhang, H.-W., Feng, N., Mao, X., Guo, X., Wang, G., Sun, Z., Giles, G. G., Southey, M. C., MacInnis, R. J., FitzGerald, L. M., Kibel, A. S., Drake, B. F., Vega, A., Gómez-Caamaño, A., Szulkin, R., Eklund, M., Kogevinas, M., Llorca, J., Castaño-Vinyals, G., Penney, K. L., Stampfer, M., Park, J. Y., Sellers, T. A., Lin, H.-Y., Stanford, J. L., Cybulski, C., Wokolorczyk, D., Lubinski, J., Ostrander, E. A., Geybels, M. S., Nordestgaard, B. G., Nielsen, S. F., Weischer, M., Bisbjerg, R., Røder, M. A., Iversen, P., Brenner, H., Cuk, K., Holleczek, B., Maier, C., Luedeke, M., Schnoeller, T., Kim, J., Logothetis, C. J., John, E. M., Teixeira, M. R., Paulo, P., Cardoso, M., Neuhausen, S. L., Steele, L., Ding, Y. C., De Ruyck, K., De Meerleer, G., Ost, P., Razack, A., Lim, J., Teo, S.-H., Lin, D. W., Newcomb, L. F., Lessel, D., Gamulin, M., Kulis, T., Kaneva, R., Usmani, N., Singhal, S., Slavov, C., Mitev, V., Parliament, M., Claessens, F., Joniau, S., Van den Broeck, T., Larkin, S., Townsend, P. A., Aukim-Hastie, C., Gago-Dominguez, M., Castelao, J. E., Martinez, M. E., Roobol, M. J., Jenster, G., van Schaik, R. H. N., Menegaux, F., Truong, T., Koudou, Y. A., Xu, J., Khaw, K.-T., Cannon-Albright, L., Pandha, H., Michael, A., Thibodeau, S. N., McDonnell, S. K., Schaid, D. J., Lindstrom, S., Turman, C., Ma, J., Hunter, D. J., Riboli, E., Siddiq, A., Canzian, F., Kolonel, L. N., Le Marchand, L., Hoover, R. N., Machiela, M. J., Cui, Z., Kraft, P., Amos, C. I., Conti, D. V., Easton, D. F., Wiklund, F., Chanock, S. J., Henderson, B. E., Kote-Jarai, Z., Haiman, C. A., & Eeles, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (US)
- Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- American Cancer Society (US)
- Griffith University (AU)
- Translational Research Institute (AU)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Harvard University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (CA)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Second Military Medical University (CN)
- Nanjing Medical University (CN)
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- Cancer Council Victoria (AU)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Monash Health (AU)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (ES)
- Universidad de Cantabria (ES)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Herlev Hospital (DK)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California (US)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil (PT)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- University of Malaya (MY)
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb (HR)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Alexandrovska Hospital (BG)
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- Endeavor Health (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schumacher, Fredrick R.
- Eeles, Rosalind A.
- ORCID
- Schumacher, Fredrick R.
- Berndt, Sonja I.
- Ahmed, Mahbubl
- Saunders, Edward J.
- Dadaev, Tokhir
- Leongamornlert, Daniel
- Anokian, Ezequiel
- Cieza-Borrella, Clara
- Goh, Chee
- Brook, Mark N.
- Sheng, Xin
- Fachal, Laura
- Dennis, Joe
- Tyrer, Jonathan
- Muir, Kenneth
- Lophatananon, Artitaya
- Stevens, Victoria L.
- Gapstur, Susan M.
- Carter, Brian D.
- Tangen, Catherine M.
- Goodman, Phyllis J.
- Thompson, Ian M.
- Batra, Jyotsna
- Chambers, Suzanne
- Moya, Leire
- Clements, Judith
- Horvath, Lisa
- Tilley, Wayne
- Risbridger, Gail P.
- Aly, Markus
- Nordström, Tobias
- Pharoah, Paul
- Pashayan, Nora
- Schleutker, Johanna
- Tammela, Teuvo L. J.
- Sipeky, Csilla
- Auvinen, Anssi
- Albanes, Demetrius
- Weinstein, Stephanie
- Wolk, Alicja
- Håkansson, Niclas
- West, Catharine M. L.
- Dunning, Alison M.
- Burnet, Neil
- Mucci, Lorelei A.
- Giovannucci, Edward
- Andriole, Gerald L.
- Cussenot, Olivier
- Koutros, Stella
- Borre, Michael
- Grindedal, Eli Marie
- Neal, David E.
- Donovan, Jenny L.
- Hamdy, Freddie C.
- Martin, Richard M.
- Travis, Ruth C.
- Hamilton, Robert J.
- Fleshner, Neil E.
- Finelli, Antonio
- Ingles, Sue Ann
- Stern, Mariana C.
- Rosenstein, Barry S.
- Kerns, Sarah L.
- Lu, Yong-Jie
- Zhang, Hong-Wei
- Feng, Ninghan
- Mao, Xueying
- Wang, Guomin
- Giles, Graham G.
- Southey, Melissa C.
- MacInnis, Robert J.
- FitzGerald, Liesel M.
- Kibel, Adam S.
- Drake, Bettina F.
- Vega, Ana
- Szulkin, Robert
- Eklund, Martin
- Kogevinas, Manolis
- Llorca, Javier
- Penney, Kathryn L.
- Stampfer, Meir
- Park, Jong Y.
- Sellers, Thomas A.
- Lin, Hui-Yi
- Stanford, Janet L.
- Cybulski, Cezary
- Ostrander, Elaine A.
- Nordestgaard, Børge G.
- Nielsen, Sune F.
- Weischer, Maren
- Bisbjerg, Rasmus
- Røder, Martin Andreas
- Iversen, Peter
- Brenner, Hermann
- Holleczek, Bernd
- Kim, Jeri
- Logothetis, Christopher J.
- John, Esther M.
- Teixeira, Manuel R.
- Paulo, Paula
- Cardoso, Marta
- Neuhausen, Susan L.
- Steele, Linda
- Ding, Yuan Chun
- Ost, Piet
- Razack, Azad
- Lim, Jasmine
- Teo, Soo-Hwang
- Lin, Daniel W.
- Lessel, Davor
- Gamulin, Marija
- Kaneva, Radka
- Usmani, Nawaid
- Singhal, Sandeep
- Slavov, Chavdar
- Mitev, Vanio
- Parliament, Matthew
- Claessens, Frank
- Joniau, Steven
- Townsend, Paul A.
- Castelao, Jose Esteban
- Roobol, Monique J.
- Jenster, Guido
- van Schaik, Ron H. N.
- Truong, Thérèse
- Xu, Jianfeng
- Khaw, Kay-Tee
- Pandha, Hardev
- Michael, Agnieszka
- Thibodeau, Stephen N.
- McDonnell, Shannon K.
- Schaid, Daniel J.
- Turman, Constance
- Ma, Jing
- Siddiq, Afshan
- Canzian, Federico
- Kolonel, Laurence N.
- Hoover, Robert N.
- Machiela, Mitchell J.
- Cui, Zuxi
- Kraft, Peter
- Amos, Christopher I.
- Conti, David V.
- Easton, Douglas F.
- Wiklund, Fredrik
- Chanock, Stephen J.
- Haiman, Christopher A.
- Eeles, Rosalind A.
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2018-06-11
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 928-936
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- PMC
- PMC6568012
- OpenAlex
- W2806504012
- Cited by
- 902
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 30
- FWCI
- 52.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2019-01-08)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- UTAS Research Repository (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (C5047/A10692, C1287/A10118, C5047/A7357, W81XWH, C1287/A16563, C8197/A16565, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C12292/A11174, C5047/A15007, CA128978, W81XWH1010341, 223175)
- Cancer Research Institute
- Prostate Cancer Foundation
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation (C5047/A10692, C5047/A15007, C1287/A10118, CA128978, 209057, C1287/A16563, W81XWH-10-1-0341, C8197/A16565, C5047/A8384, C1281/A12014, 396414, C12292/A11174, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175)
- Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (W81XWH-10-1-0341, C1281/A12014, C1287/A10118, C8197/A16565, C12292/A11174, CA128978, C5047/A10692, C5047/A15007, C1287/A16563, C5047/A8384, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175)
- University of Southern California (C1281/A12014, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565, C1287/A10118, C12292/A11174, C5047/A8384, W81XWH-10-1-0341, C5047/A15007, CA128978, C1287/A16563, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175)
- Aarhus Universitet
- Aarhus Universitetshospital
- Case Western Reserve University
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Institut for Klinisk Medicin, Aarhus Universitet
- National Cancer Research Institute
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research
- Cancer Research UK (C8197/A16565’, 223175, C1281/A12014, 10119, C5047/A7357, C5047/A15007’, C1287‐A10118, 12014, HEALTHF2-2009-223175, C5047/A3354, 21332, 16561, 16565, C12292/A11174, ‘C5047/A10692, 15007, C1287, C5047/A8384, 10118, 14136, 16563, 18504, 16491, 17528, C16913-A6135, CA128978, A16563, 19169, C1287-A10710, W81XWH-10-1-0341, C1287‐A16563, C1281)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (C5047/A15007, W81XWH-10-1-0341, NF-SI-0510-10096, C8197/A16565, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, NF-SI-0509-10242, CA128978, C1287/A10118, C1281/A12014, NF-SI-0512-10114, C5047/A10692, NF-SI-0513-10121, C1287/A16563, C12292/A11174, C5047/A8384)
- University of Cambridge
- University of Warwick
- University College London
- University of Oxford
- European Commission (C1287/A10118, W81XWH-10-1-0341, C1281/A12014, C1287/A16563, C5047/A10692, C5047/A8384, C12292/A11174, C5047/A15007, C8197/A16565, CA128978, 223175)
- University of Bristol
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
- Monash University
- Griffith University
- Queensland University of Technology
- Cambridge University Hospitals
- Karolinska Institutet (W81XWH-10-1-0341, C1281/A12014, C1287/A10118, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, C1287/A16563, CA128978, C5047/A8384, C5047/A10692, C12292/A11174, C8197/A16565, C5047/A15007)
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Tampereen Yliopisto
- Turun Yliopisto
- Uppsala Universitet
- Tays
- Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala
- National Institutes of Health (C1281/A12014, 223175, W81XWH-10-1-0341, C8197/A16565, C5047/A7357, C12292/A11174, C1287/A16563, W81XWH, C1287/A10118, HHSN268201200008I, C5047/A10692, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, C5047/A15007, C5047/A8384, X01HG007492)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C1287/A10118, C1287/A16563, CA128978, C8197/A16565, C1281/A12014, C12292/A11174, W81XWH-10-1-0341, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, 223175)
- Medical Research Council (C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, CA128978, C5047/A8384, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, C8197/A16565, W81XWH-10-1-0341, C1287/A16563, C5047/A10692, MR/N003284/1, C1287/A10118, C5047/A15007)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (623204, 504702, 126402, 614296, 251533, 504700, 504715)
- Cancer Council Victoria (C1287/A16563, C1287/A10118, C8197/A16565, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, C1281/A12014, C5047/A15007, C12292/A11174, W81XWH-10-1-0341, CA128978, C5047/A10692, C5047/A8384)
- Cancer Council Queensland
- Warwick Medical School
- Servicio Gallego de Salud
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN268201200008I, HHSN268201200008C)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA128978, U01CA188392, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C5047/A8384, U19CA148065, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, W81XWH-10-1-0341, UM1CA182883, UG1CA189974, U01CA098710, U19CA148537, K05CA175147, CA148065, U01CA098216, C1281/A12014, C12292/A11174, U01CA098758, U19CA148112, (CA128978, C1287/A16563, K07CA187546, C1287/A10118, C8197/A16565, U01CA098233, U10CA037429)
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
- DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- prostate cancer, cancer susceptibility loci, genetic association, early-onset prostate cancer, polygenic risk score, ATM, p27, European ancestry, risk prediction, fine mapping
- MeSH terms
- Genotype, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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