Inequalities in the provision of GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity
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Disparities in access to GLP-1s have been documented by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
“Disparities in access to GLP‐1s have been documented by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status [236].”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [236]
The “Varied costs and coverage” section (page unavailable) documents financial barriers to GLP-1 access and limited coverage under Medicaid, which serves people with low incomes. The paper does not document access disparities by race or ethnicity, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAt present, access to GLP1-RA therapy for obesity is largely limited to people who can afford to pay for treatment directly or via insurance schemes or who can access treatment through occupational or state-funded healthcare.
“Yet, at present, access to GLP1-RA therapy for obesity is largely limited to people who can afford to pay for the treatment directly or via insurance schemes or who can access treatment through occupational or state-funded healthcare.105”
From The societal implications of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [105]
Disparities in access to GLP-1s have been documented by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
“Disparities in access to GLP-1s have been documented by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status [228].”
Disparities in access to GLP-1s have been documented by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
“Disparities in access to GLP-1s have been documented by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status [236].”
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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Cites
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GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity
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Progress and challenges in anti-obesity pharmacotherapy
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AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Interventions for Adults With Obesity
Grunvald, E., Shah, R., Hernaez, R., Chandar, A. K., Pickett-Blakely, O., Teigen, L. M., Harindhanavudhi, T., Sultan, S., Singh, S., & Davitkov, P. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.045 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Disparities in Access and Quality of Obesity Care
Washington, T. B., Johnson, V. R., Kendrick, K., Ibrahim, A. A., Tu, L., Sun, K., & Stanford, F. C. (2023) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2023.02.003 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationGomez, G., & Stanford, F. C. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.287 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationManagement of diabesity: Current concepts
Michaelidou, M., Pappachan, J. M., & Jeeyavudeen, M. S. (2023) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.396 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Obesity Management in Europe: Current Status and Objectives for the Future
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Medicaid Expansion and Utilization of Antihyperglycemic Therapies
Sumarsono, A., Buckley, L. F., Machado, S., Wadhera, R. K., Warraich, H. J., Desai, R. J., Everett, B. M., McGuire, D. K., Fonarow, G. C., Butler, J., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-0735 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Low utilization of obesity medications: What are the implications for clinical care?
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [6]6. Drucker DJ Mol. Metab 57, 101351 (2022). [PubMed: 34626851]
- [13]13. Kyle TK & Stanford FC Obesity 24, 1832 (2016). [PubMed: 27569116]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Disparities in access to GLP-1s have been documented by race/ ethnicity and socioeconomic status [228].”
Self-citationMozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24336 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
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(2024) · The American Journal of Managed Care · doi:10.37765/ajmc.2024.89586 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Waldrop, S. W., Johnson, V. R., & Stanford, F. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Waldrop, Stephanie W.
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2024-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-25
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC10921848
- OpenAlex
- W4390544908
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 15.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2T32DK007658-32S1, U2 DK132733, P30 DK040561)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, obesity treatment, health disparities, diabetes pharmacotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Obesity
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