Type 2 diabetes
Abstract
415 million people live with diabetes worldwide, and an estimated 193 million people have undiagnosed diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 90% of patients with diabetes and leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications that cause profound psychological and physical distress to both patients and carers and put a huge burden on health-care systems. Despite increasing knowledge regarding risk factors for type 2 diabetes and evidence for successful prevention programmes, the incidence and prevalence of the disease continues to rise globally. Early detection through screening programmes and the availability of safe and effective therapies reduces morbidity and mortality by preventing or delaying complications. Increased understanding of specific diabetes phenotypes and genotypes might result in more specific and tailored management of patients with type 2 diabetes, as has been shown in patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young. In this Seminar, we describe recent developments in the diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes, existing controversies, and future directions of care.
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In type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is generally viewed to be a consequence of peripheral tissue insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion, though T2D is a heterogeneous disorder.
“In T2D, hyperglycemia is generally viewed to be a consequence of peripheral tissue of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion, though T2D is a heterogenous disorder [7].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Epidemiological evidence shows that diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.
“Epidemiological evidence shows that diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of CVD [7,11,12,13,14,15,16]”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Obesity is a key risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes by promoting insulin resistance.
“Obesity is a key risk factor for the development of T2D by promoting insulin resistance [7,10].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Davies, Melanie J
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 389
- Issue
- 10085
- Pages
- 2239-2251
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4211058450
- Cited by
- 2,577
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 313 · 2024: 381 · 2023: 443 · 2022: 387 · 2021: 351 · 2020: 250 · 2019: 178 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 28 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 22.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes diagnosis, diabetes management, diabetes screening, diabetes complications, diabetes prevention, diabetes risk factors, diabetes phenotypes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, undiagnosed diabetes, healthcare burden
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Health Promotion, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Mass Screening, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Early Diagnosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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