The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Machine learning analysis of whole mouse brain vasculature
Open accessAbstract
Tissue clearing methods enable the imaging of biological specimens without sectioning. However, reliable and scalable analysis of large imaging datasets in three dimensions remains a challenge. Here we developed a deep learning-based framework to quantify and analyze brain vasculature, named Vessel Segmentation & Analysis Pipeline (VesSAP). Our pipeline uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a transfer learning approach for segmentation and achieves human-level accuracy. By using VesSAP, we analyzed the vascular features of whole C57BL/6J, CD1 and BALB/c mouse brains at the micrometer scale after registering them to the Allen mouse brain atlas. We report evidence of secondary intracranial collateral vascularization in CD1 mice and find reduced vascularization of the brainstem in comparison to the cerebrum. Thus, VesSAP enables unbiased and scalable quantifications of the angioarchitecture of cleared mouse brains and yields biological insights into the vascular function of the brain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, tools for comprehensive, high-resolution analysis of disease-associated changes at the whole-body scale have been lacking.”
From A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Although several approaches for image analysis of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) datasets have been introduced in recent years6–10, these methods are typically limited to selected organs and do not provide integrated whole-body quantification of elongated structures.”
From A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation
Long, J., Shelhamer, E., & Darrell, T. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965 · Cited by 38,834
A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis
Litjens, G., Kooi, T., Bejnordi, B. E., Setio, A. A. A., Ciompi, F., Ghafoorian, M., van der Laak, J. A. W. M., van Ginneken, B., & Sánchez, C. I. (2017) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2017.07.005 · Cited by 15,332
V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation
Milletari, F., Navab, N., & Ahmadi, S.-A. (2016) · 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) · doi:10.1109/3dv.2016.79 · Cited by 11,931
Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation
Shelhamer, E., Long, J., & Darrell, T. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2572683 · Cited by 11,898
3D U-Net: Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation from Sparse Annotation
Çiçek, Ö., Abdulkadir, A., Lienkamp, S. S., Brox, T., & Ronneberger, O. (2016) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_49 · Cited by 7,945
Shin, H.-C., Roth, H. R., Gao, M., Lu, L., Xu, Z., Nogues, I., Yao, J., Mollura, D., & Summers, R. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2528162 · Cited by 5,759
Elastix: a toolbox for intensity-based medical image registration
Klein, S., Staring, M., Murphy, K., Viergever, M. A., & Pluim, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2009.2035616 · Cited by 4,311
Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering
Frangi, A. F., Niessen, W. J., Vincken, K. L., & Viergever, M. A. (1998) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/bfb0056195 · Cited by 3,916
U-Net: deep learning for cell counting, detection, and morphometry
Falk, T., Mai, D., Bensch, R., Çiçek, Ö., Abdulkadir, A., Marrakchi, Y., Böhm, A., Deubner, J., Jäckel, Z., Seiwald, K., et al. (2018) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0261-2 · Cited by 1,920
Building Skeleton Models via 3-D Medial Surface Axis Thinning Algorithms
Lee, T. C., Kashyap, R. L., & Chu, C.-N. (1994) · CVGIP Graphical Models and Image Processing · doi:10.1006/cgip.1994.1042 · Cited by 1,587
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Menti, E., Bonaldi, L., Ballerini, L., Ruggeri, A. & Trucco, E. In International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging 167–176 (Springer, Year).
- Kingma, D. P. & Ba, J. Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980 (2017). · arXiv
- Abadi, M. et al. in 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation 265–283 (2016).
- Paetzold, J. C. et al. clDice—a novel connectivity-preserving loss function for vessel segmentation. in Medical Imaging Meets NeurIPS 2019 Workshop (2019).
- Cohen, J. The effect size index: d. Stat. Power Anal. Behav. Sci. 2, 284–288 (1988).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–343 of 343
Spiner, Deep Learning-Based Automated Detection of Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Intact CochleaePreprint
Cai, Y., Leitz-Najarian, G., Hutson, K. A., Moatti, A., Li, C., Fitzpatrick, D., & Greenbaum, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4820264
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis
Sun, T., Monjezi, M. R., Xu, X., Yin, C., Habenicht, A. J. R., & Mohanta, S. K. (2024) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/67400
Novel Frontier in Brain Vasculature Analysis with Graphical Neural Networks
Aditya, R., Advaith, A. J., Sabarinath, G., & Kumar, A. S. (2024) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) · doi:10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10726076
Deep leaning-based interactive segmentation of three-dimensional blood vessel images
Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhou, H., An, Y., Li, X., Li, X., Zhou, H., & Li, A. (2025) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.107507
Rozak, M. W., Mester, J. R., Attarpour, A., Dorr, A. E., Patel, S. B., Koletar, M. M., Hill, M. E., McLaurin, J., Goubran, M., & Stefanovic, B. (2025) · doi:10.7554/elife.95525.3 · Cited by 1
A novel multiscale 3D segmentation network based on vascular skeleton assistance
Wang, Y. M., Zhou, S., Xinyang, S., Chen, T., & Zhang, J. (2025) · International Conference on Graphics and Image Processing (ICGIP) · doi:10.1117/12.3057741
Neuron Segmentation via a Frequency and Spatial Domain–Integrated Encoder–Decoder Network
Song, H., Zeng, X., Li, G., Wu, R., Liu, S., & He, F. (2025) · International Journal of Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1155/int/7026120
Toxicology of the Brain Barrier System in Brain’s Health and Diseases
Liu, L. L., & Zheng, W. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95488-4.00225-4
3D Understanding of Deformable Linear Objects: Datasets and Transferability Benchmark
Žagar, B. L., Liu, M., Hertel, T., Yurtsever, E., & Knoll, A. (2025) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv61041.2025.00624
Rottschäfer, V., Kuppers, W. G. N., Chen, J., & VanBavel, E. (2025) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112111
Amoah, L., Wang, J., & Onzo, B.-M. (2025) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2025.063992
Ultrafast 3D segmentation of brain-wide optical neuronal volume
Huang, Q., Hu, S., Liu, S., Ren, L., & Quan, T. (2025) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.108324
Trajectory Planning for Patch Clamp in a Highly Constrained Cerebrovascular Environment
Li, J., Li, Z., Sun, M., & Zhao, X. J. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3602454
Krek, H., Murphy, A. R., McKinnon, R., Franco, R. A., & Allenby, M. C. (2025) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ae00f6
Rozak, M. W., Mester, J. R., Attarpour, A., Dorr, A. E., Patel, S. B., Koletar, M. M., Hill, M. E., McLaurin, J., Goubran, M., & Stefanovic, B. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.95525.4
Generating vascular network structures from real data
Simões, J. B., Travasso, R. D. M., Baptista, T., & Costa, E. J. F. (2025) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129941
Schaffenrath, J., Huang, S., Wyss, T., Delorenzi, M., & Keller, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15071614
Anatomically aware simulation of patient-specific glioblastoma xenografts
Malik, A. A., Krona, C. C., Kundu, S., Gerlee, P., & Nelander, S. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013831
Moriike, Y., Nakano, Y., Matano, Y., Suzuki, Y., Umemura, K., & Nagai, N. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14020308
Zhang, L., & Li, J. (2026) · Applied Mathematical Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.apm.2026.116842
mViSE: A visual search engine for analyzing multiplex IHC brain tissue images (spatial proteomics)
Huang, L., Mills, R., Mandula, S., Bai, L., Jeyhani, M., Redell, J. B., Nguyen, H., Prasad, S., Maric, D., & Roysam, B. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-40620-5
Aging reprograms the response to chronic stressPreprint
Stein, G. X. F. N., Todorov, M. I., Lange, L. D., Riege, K., Cirri, E., Hussain, I., Korfei, M., Pömpner, N., Hübner, C. A., Rudolph, K. L., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.702827
Self-citationOptical development to image brain activity at extreme depth
Suarez-Baquero, D. E. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b2f8ef6ezf2b3z43edzb579z3f1b4da5b767
Zwierzynski, J. B., Moufarrej, M. N., & Red‐Horse, K. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.06.716785
A dual-modality workflow for quantifying microvascular structure in human temporal lobe epilepsy
Xu, Z., Tempeli, V., Hartjes, S., Kotenko, A., Hoogland, G., Haeren, R. H. L., Schijns, O. E. M. G., van Lanen, R. H. G. J., van Zandvoort, M. A. M. J., Rijkers, K., et al. (2026) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.08.017
Zhong, X., & Pratx, G. (2026) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ae74af
Stochastic Growth Modeling of Vascular Plaque Dynamics and Derivation of Optimal Dosing CurvesPreprint
Kadowaki, T., & Tero, A. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.30.728429
Li, C., Miao, P., & Tong, S. (2026) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.597654
Wu, H., Yin, X., Cheng, J., Zhang, J., Zheng, L., Zhang, L., Wu, F., Zhao, Q., Yang, J., & Wang, H. (2026) · Insights into Imaging · doi:10.1186/s13244-026-02359-5
Hu, H., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb17080377
PVT inhibition mitigates neuropathology and cognitive deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Guan, Y., Ma, J., Li, R., Xu, J., Xu, T., Li, G., & Sun, L. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117108
Li, C., Leitner, D., Pang, H., Li, A., Bruno, M. T., Faustin, A., Devinsky, O., Wısnıewskı, T., Wadghiri, Y. Z., Zhang, J., et al. (2026) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.70411
Hu, Y., Wang, X., Sun, P., Shen, Y., & quan, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2026.1925112
Huang, Y.-Y., Patel, R. J. S., Popel, A. S., Bhargava, A., & Pathak, A. P. (2026) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/micc.70086
Clearing the way for optical mapping of the brain with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy
Perego, L., Meo, D. D., Mazzamuto, G., Costantini, I., & Pavone, F. S. (2026) · Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento · doi:10.1007/s40766-026-00083-w
Toward Modality-Aware Preprocessing for Deep Learning-Based Blood Vessel Segmentation
Alkassar, S. H., & Sadeeq, H. T. (2026) · BioMedInformatics · doi:10.3390/biomedinformatics6050094
Graph-Based Classification of Penetrating Arteries and Veins in Whole-Mouse Vasculature DatasetsPreprint
Farina, S., Greco, L., Barra, G., Boyer, M., Renier, N., & Schmid, F. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.15.758745
Carter, I., Smith, B. M., & Kirby, E. D. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.760295
Kubota, S. I. (2021) · Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) · doi:10.17867/10000158
Liu, T., Xia, W., & Pouliopoulos, A. N. (2026) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.10.006
Metadata
- Authors
- Todorov, M. I., Paetzold, J. C., Schoppe, O., Tetteh, G., Shit, S., Efremov, V., Todorov-Völgyi, K., Düring, M., Dichgans, M., Piraud, M., Menze, B., & Ertürk, A.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Menze, Bjoern
- Ertürk, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Methods
- Published
- 2020-03-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 442-449
- ISSN
- 1548-7091 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-7105
- PMC
- PMC7591801
- OpenAlex
- W3012387312
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 20
- FWCI
- 18.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG057575)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Keywords
- cerebral vasculature, vessel segmentation, tissue clearing, whole-brain imaging, convolutional neural networks, transfer learning, Allen Mouse Brain Atlas, intracranial collateral circulation, mouse brain, angioarchitecture
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Animals, Brain, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review