Cited by 144Pluripotent Stem Cells ResearchTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Engineering of human cardiac muscle electromechanically matured to an adult-like phenotype

Open access
Ronaldson-Bouchard, Kacey, Yeager, Keith, Teles, Diogo, Chen, Timothy, Ma, Stephen, Song, LouJin, Morikawa, Kumi, Wobma, Holly M. +4 more·2019·Nature Protocols

Abstract

The application of tissue-engineering approaches to human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells enables the development of physiologically relevant human tissue models for in vitro studies of development, regeneration, and disease. However, the immature phenotype of hiPS-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) limits their utility. We have developed a protocol to generate engineered cardiac tissues from hiPS cells and electromechanically mature them toward an adult-like phenotype. This protocol also provides optimized methods for analyzing these tissues' functionality, ultrastructure, and cellular properties. The approach relies on biological adaptation of cultured tissues subjected to biomimetic cues, applied at an increasing intensity, to drive accelerated maturation. hiPS cells are differentiated into cardiomyocytes and used immediately after the first contractions are observed, when they still have developmental plasticity. This starting cell population is combined with human dermal fibroblasts, encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel and allowed to compact under passive tension in a custom-designed bioreactor. After 7 d of tissue formation, the engineered tissues are matured for an additional 21 d by increasingly intense electromechanical stimulation. Tissue properties can be evaluated by measuring contractile function, responsiveness to electrical stimuli, ultrastructure properties (sarcomere length, mitochondrial density, networks of transverse tubules), force-frequency and force-length relationships, calcium handling, and responses to β-adrenergic agonists. Cell properties can be evaluated by monitoring gene/protein expression, oxidative metabolism, and electrophysiology. The protocol takes 4 weeks and requires experience in advanced cell culture and machining methods for bioreactor fabrication. We anticipate that this protocol will improve modeling of cardiac diseases and testing of drugs.

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  • Fibrin hydrogel provides abundant cell attachment sites that facilitate cell spreading and function and enable macroscopic tissue compactions that yield high cell density and cellular alignment.

    “Fibrin hydrogel provides abundant cell attachment sites that facilitate cell spreading and function and enable macroscopic tissue compactions that yield high cell density and cellular alignment 62 .”

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  1. [20]Robertson C, Tran DD, and George SC, Concise Review: Maturation Phases of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. STEM CELLS, 2013 31(5): p. 829– 837. 23355363 PMC3749929
  2. Radisic M, PNAS 101(52), 18129– 18134 (2004). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407817101 15604141 PMC539727 · DOI
  3. Ronaldson - Bouchard K, Nature, 556(7700), 239– 243 (2018) DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0016-3 29618819 PMC5895513 · DOI · Paper page

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Authors
Ronaldson-Bouchard, K., Yeager, K., Teles, D., Chen, T., Ma, S., Song, L., Morikawa, K., Wobma, H. M., Vasciaveo, A., Ruiz, E. C., Yazawa, M., & Vunjak-Novakovic, G.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Venue
Nature Protocols
Published
2019-09-06
Volume
14
Issue
10
Pages
2781-2817
ISSN
  • 1750-2799 (ISSN-L)
  • 1754-2189
OpenAlex
W2971619350
Cited by
144
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 3
FWCI
6.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Protocols (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (2r01hl076485-16)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL138486, R01-HL076485)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (UG3EB025765, UH2EB017103, UH3EB017103, UH3EB025765)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Keywords
human induced pluripotent stem cells, cardiomyocyte maturation, engineered heart tissue, electromechanical stimulation, fibrin gel, dermal fibroblasts, bioreactors, cardiac contractility, calcium handling, beta-adrenergic responsiveness, sarcomere length, T-tubules, mitochondrial density, cardiac disease modeling, drug testing
MeSH terms
Cell Differentiation, Heart, Humans, Myocardium, Cell Culture Techniques, Tissue Engineering, Myocytes, Cardiac, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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