The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toxic fluoride gas emissions from lithium-ion battery fires
Open accessAbstract
Lithium-ion battery fires generate intense heat and considerable amounts of gas and smoke. Although the emission of toxic gases can be a larger threat than the heat, the knowledge of such emissions is limited. This paper presents quantitative measurements of heat release and fluoride gas emissions during battery fires for seven different types of commercial lithium-ion batteries. The results have been validated using two independent measurement techniques and show that large amounts of hydrogen fluoride (HF) may be generated, ranging between 20 and 200 mg/Wh of nominal battery energy capacity. In addition, 15–22 mg/Wh of another potentially toxic gas, phosphoryl fluoride (POF 3), was measured in some of the fire tests. Gas emissions when using water mist as extinguishing agent were also investigated. Fluoride gas emission can pose a serious toxic threat and the results are crucial findings for risk assessment and management, especially for large Li-ion battery packs.
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Cites
Thermal-runaway experiments on consumer Li-ion batteries with metal-oxide and olivin-type cathodes
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The mechanism of HF formation in LiPF6 based organic carbonate electrolytes
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Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry
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Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway and Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules
Lopez, C. F., Jeevarajan, J. A., & Mukherjee, P. P. (2015) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0921509jes · Cited by 386
Overcharge reaction of lithium-ion batteries
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A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns: The issues, strategies, and testing standards
Chen, Y., Kang, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Liu, J., Li, Y., Liang, Z., He, X., Li, X., Tavajohi, N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.10.017 · Cited by 2,178
A review of lithium ion battery failure mechanisms and fire prevention strategies
Wang, Q., Mao, B., Stoliarov, S. I., & Sun, J. (2019) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2019.03.002 · Cited by 1,755
Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries
Mrozik, W., Rajaeifar, M. A., Heidrich, O., & Christensen, P. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee00691f · Cited by 1,028
Lai, X., Jin, C., Yi, W., Han, X., Feng, X., Zheng, Y., & Ouyang, M. (2021) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.026 · Cited by 438
Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects
Wang, M., Liu, K., Dutta, S., Alessi, D. S., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112515 · Cited by 361
Metadata
- Authors
- Larsson, F., Andersson, P., Blomqvist, P., & Mellander, B.-E.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-08-30
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10018-10018
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2745830303
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 12.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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