Anti-inflammatory effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in RAW 264.7 macrophages, Bone marrow-derived macrophages, BV2 microglial cells, and spinal cord injury
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This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. We induced an inflammatory process in RAW 264.7 macrophages, BV2 microglial cells, and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The anti-inflammatory effects of TUDCA on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, BV2 microglial cells, and BMMs were analyzed using nitric oxide (NO) assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The pathological changes in lesions of the spinal cord tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, luxol fast blue/cresyl violet-staining and immunofluorescent staining. TUDCA decreased the LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediator, NO. It also suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, TUDCA decreased prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2). After SCI, TUDCA supported the recovery of the injury site and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS, CD68 and CD86. In addition, TUDCA induced the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, Arg-1. In conclusion, TUDCA inhibits inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages, BV2 microglial cells, and BMMs. TUDCA can be a potential alternative drug for SCI.
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The anti-inflammatory activity of TUDCA has been demonstrated in LPS-stimulated primary microglial cells and BV-2 microglial cells.
“The anti-inflammatory activity of TUDCA has been demonstrated in LPS-stimulated primary microglial cells and BV-2 microglial cells.367–369”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [369]
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Vavrusakova, B., Bartošová, R., & Moráň, L. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1016408
- Authors
- Kim, S. J., Ko, W.-K., Jo, M.-J., Arai, Y., Choi, H., Kumar, H., Han, I.-B., & Sohn, S.
- Affiliations
- CHA University Bundang Medical Center (KR)
- CHA University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Sohn, Seil
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-02-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3176-3176
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5816629
- OpenAlex
- W2806937873
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2016M3A9E8941668)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2016M3A9E8941668, NRF-2016M3A9E8941668)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- tauroursodeoxycholic acid, spinal cord injury, anti-inflammatory activity, macrophages, microglia, bone marrow-derived macrophages, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2, arginase-1, CD68, CD86, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- RAW 264.7 Cells, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Bone Marrow Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Macrophages, RNA, Messenger, Spinal Cord Injuries, Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid, Cytokines, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microglia, Mice
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