The role of insulin sensitivity and intranasally applied insulin on olfactory perception
Open accessAbstract
Olfactory perception determines food selection behavior depending on energy homeostasis and nutritional status. The mechanisms, however, by which metabolic signals in turn regulate olfactory perception remain largely unclear. Given the evidence for direct insulin action on olfactory neurons, we tested olfactory performance (olfactory threshold, olfactory discrimination) in 36 subjects of normal- and overweight after administration of three different insulin doses (40 I.U., 100 I.U., 160 I.U.) or corresponding placebo volume in a within-subject design. Poor peripheral insulin sensitivity as quantified by HOMA-IR in baseline condition and increases in systemic insulin levels reactive to intranasal administration predicted poor olfactory performance. In contrast, intranasal insulin enhanced odor perception with a dose-dependent improvement of olfactory threshold. These findings indicate a new diametric impact of insulin on olfactory perception depending on peripheral or central availability.
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A study in normal-or slightly overweight men yielded a dose-dependent enhancement of olfactory discrimination performance by IN insulin at doses of 40, 100 and 160 IU compared to saline.
“a study in normal-or slightly overweight men yielded a dose-dependent enhancement of olfactory discrimination performance by IN insulin (at doses of 40, 100 and 160 IU compared to saline).149”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [149]
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Ahmed, A. K. K., & Barakat, A. M. (2023) · Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/abhs.abhs_53_23
Taste and odor interactions after metabolic surgery
Nicanor-Carreón, J. G., Rowitz, B. M., & Pepino, M. Y. (2024) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjae034
Interrégulations entre olfaction et métabolisme énergétique dans l’obésité et le diabète de type 2
Montaner, M., Andréelli, F., Magnan, C., & Gurden, H. (2026) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2026014
Olfactory dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes: mechanistic insights from preclinical models
Bulk, J., Reimon, L. C., & Steculorum, S. M. (2026) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06755-w
- Authors
- Edwin Thanarajah, S., Hoffstall, V., Rigoux, L., Hanssen, R., Brüning, J. C., & Tittgemeyer, M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research (DE)
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-05-10
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7222-7222
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6510903
- OpenAlex
- W2944601737
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- insulin sensitivity, intranasal insulin, olfactory perception, odor threshold, odor discrimination, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, overweight, food choice, energy homeostasis, olfaction
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Blood Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Placebo Effect, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies, Olfactory Perception, Young Adult
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