Insulin and insulin receptors in rodent brain
Open accessAbstract
While insulin effects on the central nervous system (CNS) mediated through hypoglycaemia are well known, direct insulin effects on the CNS remain controversial. Recently, we found insulin receptors in all areas of the rat brain, with highest concentrations in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus; all areas involved in feeding. Insulin receptors in brain were, by multiple criteria, similar to insulin receptors on classical target tissues for insulin, such as liver and fat. Insulin itself has been identified in the rat brain at concentrations on average ten times higher than in plasma. Highest concentrations were found in the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus. Brain insulin was indistinguishable from purified insulin by its behaviour in the radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, bioassay and gel chromatography. In two experimental models representing extremes of plasma insulin concentrations (obese hyperinsulinaemic mice and diabetic insulinopenic rats) there were no significant changes in the concentration of insulin receptors in brain while liver receptors were modified in the expected way. This may reflect the protective influence of the blood-brain barrier on some special quality of brain insulin receptors. Insulin concentrations in brain were also unchanged in both models, which is probably indicative of the local synthesis of insulin. The role of insulin in the CNS is unknown. Besides well known metabolic actions of insulin, new roles can be postulated such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation and paracrine signalling.
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Insulin receptors are present in the brain, where they are abundantly distributed in synaptic membranes of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
“IRs are present in the brain, where they are abundantly distributed in synaptic membranes of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (Abbott et al., 1999; Havrankova et al., 1981; Marks et al., 1990; Unger and Betz, 1998).”
From The Aβ oligomer hypothesis for synapse failure and memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease (2011) · cites this paper as Havrankova et al., 1981
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- Authors
- Havrankova, J., Brownstein, M., & Roth, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 1981-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 268-273
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2015227366
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- insulin, insulin receptor, brain insulin, central nervous system, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, diabetes mellitus, blood-brain barrier, neurotransmission, neuromodulation, paracrine signaling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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