Analysis of extracellular vesicles generated from monocytes under conditions of lytic cell death
Open accessAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important class of membrane-bound structures that have been widely investigated for their roles in intercellular communication in the contexts of tumor progression, vascular function, immunity and regenerative medicine. Much of the current knowledge on the functions of EVs pertains to those derived from viable cells (e.g. exosomes and microvesicles) or apoptotic cells (e.g. apoptotic bodies) whilst the generation of EVs from dying cells under non-apoptotic conditions remains poorly characterized. Herein, the release of EVs from THP-1 monocytes under conditions of primary necrosis, secondary necrosis and pyroptosis, was investigated. A comprehensive analysis of THP-1-derived EVs revealed that cells undergoing lytic forms of cell death generated a high number of EVs compared with viable or apoptotic cells in vitro. Differential centrifugation via 16,000 g and 100,000 g revealed that dying THP-1 cells release both medium and small EVs, respectively, consistent with the known characteristics of microvesicles and/or exosomes. In addition, large EVs isolated via 2000 g centrifugation were also present in all samples. These findings suggest that lytic cell death under both sterile and non-sterile inflammatory conditions induces monocytes to generate EVs, which could potentially act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication.
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Secretion of EVs is increased in cell death conditions, especially under membrane permeabilization.
“Baxter and colleagues analyzed extracellular vesicles generated from several types of cell death and showed that the secretion of EVs were increased in cell death conditions, especially under membrane permeabilization [17].”
From Ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles from macrophage contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through loading ferritin (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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Engineering Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy
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Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Survivin for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics: A Review
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Oral Cell Lysates Reduce the Inflammatory Response of Activated Macrophages
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Mechanisms and functions of large extracellular vesicle biogenesis
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THE ROLE OF FILAGGRIN IN THE FORMATION OF SKIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION
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Self-citationThe rise of reducing reagent-resistant TfR1 dimer marks ferroptosis
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- Authors
- Baxter, A. A., Phan, T. K., Hanssen, E., Liem, M., Hulett, M. D., Mathivanan, S., & Poon, I. K. H.
- Affiliations
- La Trobe University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Baxter, Amy A.
- Poon, Ivan K. H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-05-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7538-7538
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6525174
- OpenAlex
- W2945956317
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Australian Research Council (DP170103790, GNT1125033)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, lytic cell death, monocytes, THP-1 cells, necrosis, secondary necrosis, pyroptosis, exosomes, microvesicles, sterile inflammation, cell-to-cell communication
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, THP-1 Cells, Cell Communication, Centrifugation, Humans, Monocytes, Cell Death, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Exosomes
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