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Cited by 282Immune Response and InflammationCell death mechanisms and regulationPhagocytosis and Immune Regulation

The immune response to secondary necrotic cells

Open access
Sachet, Monika, Liang, Ying Yu, Oehler, Rudolf·2017·Apoptosis
DOI 10.1007/s10495-017-1413-zPMC PMC5630647
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Abstract

When apoptotic cells are not cleared in an efficient and timely manner, they progress to secondary necrosis and lose their membrane integrity. This results in a leakage of immunostimulatory, danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), similar to accidental (or primary) necrosis. However, primary necrosis is a sudden event with an inadvertent release of almost unmodified DAMPs. Secondary necrotic cells, in contrast, have gone through various modifications during the process of apoptosis. Recent research revealed that the molecules released from the cytoplasm or exposed on the cell surface differ between primary necrosis, secondary necrosis, and regulated necrosis such as necroptosis. This review gives an overview of these differences and focusses their effects on the immune response. The implications to human physiology and diseases are manifold and will be discussed in the context of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmunity.

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  • Initial cell death of transplanted cells can cause release of molecules that initiate other immune responses, further exacerbating the issue by causing other transplanted cells to exhibit stress responses.

    “This initial cell death of transplanted cells can also cause release of molecules that initiate other immune responses, further exacerbating the issue by causing other transplanted cells to exhibit stress responses.”

    From Developments in stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy for treating type 1 diabetes (2023) · cites this paper as [141]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says dying cells release DAMPs that activate innate immune cells and induce inflammation. The Summary and concluding remarks says neighboring cells can show different responses to stress, but does not establish that molecules released by dying cells cause stress responses in other cells. The paper does not address this proposed chain of events in transplanted cells. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Sachet, M., Liang, Y. Y., & Oehler, R.
Affiliations
  • Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna (AT)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Oehler, Rudolf
ORCID
Venue
Apoptosis
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-08-31
Volume
22
Issue
10
Pages
1189-1204
ISSN
  • 1360-8185 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-675X
DOI
10.1007/s10495-017-1413-z
PMC
PMC5630647
OpenAlex
W2753327319
Cited by
282
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 3
FWCI
2.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • APOPTOSIS (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Universität Wien
  • Medizinische Universität Wien
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Keywords
secondary necrosis, efferocytosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, regulated necrosis, necroptosis, immune response, immunostimulatory molecules, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity
MeSH terms
Alarmins, Animals, Humans, Immunotherapy, Inflammation, Necrosis, Phagocytosis, Signal Transduction, Cell Death, Apoptosis

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