Mechanism and Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Open accessAbstract
Members of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing (NLR) family and the pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) family can form multiprotein complexes termed 'inflammasomes'. The biochemical function of inflammasomes is to activate caspase-1, which leads to the maturation of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 and the induction of pyroptosis, a form of cell death. Unlike other inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated by diverse stimuli. The importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in immunity and human diseases has been well documented, but the mechanism and regulation of its activation remain unclear. In this review we summarize current understanding of the mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as recent advances in the noncanonical and alternative inflammasome pathways.
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NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a two-hit process in which signal 1 primes transcription and signal 2 activates the inflammasome and induces secretion of IL-1β and IL-18.
“The functional regulation of an active NLRP3 inflammasome in a cell is a ‘two-hit’ process, in which signal 1 primes the transcription of the inflammasome and signal 2, either by the same and/or additional stimuli, activates the inflammasome and induces secretion of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 (REFS63,64).”
From Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- He, Y., Hara, H., & Núñez, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Núñez, Gabriel
- Venue
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1012-1021
- ISSN
- 0968-0004 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5123939
- OpenAlex
- W2522054313
- Cited by
- 2,759
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 242 · 2025: 294 · 2024: 295 · 2023: 337 · 2022: 432 · 2021: 353 · 2020: 342 · 2019: 240 · 2018: 149 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 13.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007517)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI063331, R37AI063331)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK091191)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Keywords
- NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammasome activation, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, pyroptosis, non-canonical inflammasome, inflammasome regulation
- MeSH terms
- Pyroptosis, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, NIMA-Related Kinases, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Monocytes, Potassium, Signal Transduction, Ion Transport, Caspase 1, Interleukin-18, Mice, Interleukin-1beta, Inflammasomes
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