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Balanced, bi-planar magnetic field and field gradient coils for field compensation in wearable magnetoencephalography
Open accessAbstract
Abstract To allow wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to be made on unconstrained subjects the spatially inhomogeneous remnant magnetic field inside the magnetically shielded room (MSR) must be nulled. Previously, a large bi-planar coil system which produces uniform fields and field gradients was used for this purpose. Its construction presented a significant challenge, six distinct coils were wound on two 1.6 × 1.6 m2 planes. Here, we exploit shared coil symmetries to produce coils simultaneously optimised to generate homogenous fields and gradients. We show nulling performance comparable to that of a six-coil system is achieved with this three-coil system, decreasing the strongest field component Bx by a factor of 53, and the strongest gradient dBx/dz by a factor of 7. To allow the coils to be used in environments with temporally-varying magnetic interference a dynamic nulling system was developed with a shielding factor of 40 dB at 0.01 Hz. Reducing the number of coils required and incorporating dynamic nulling should allow for greater take-up of this technology. Interactions of the coils with the high-permeability walls of the MSR were investigated using a method of images approach. Simulations show a degrading of field uniformity which was broadly consistent with measured values. These effects should be incorporated into future designs.
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OPM-MEG experiments involving participant motion require an OPM-optimised MSR with a very low remnant magnetic field and active magnetic shielding.
“These constraints mean that OPM-MEG experiments involving participant motion require an OPM-optimised MSR with a very low remnant magnetic field along with ‘active’ magnetic shielding”
From Naturalistic Hyperscanning with Wearable Magnetoencephalography (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
The Introduction (page unavailable) explains that motion can move OPMs outside their narrow operating range and that field-compensating coils enabled recordings during large participant movements. It also says dynamic compensation is required to address field drift. However, the paper describes using coils inside a two-layer magnetically shielded room; it does not establish that a specially OPM-optimised room is required. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cites
Moving magnetoencephalography towards real-world applications with a wearable system
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Self-citationBoto, E., Meyer, S. S., Shah, V., Alem, O., Knappe, S., Kruger, P., Fromhold, T. M., Lim, M., Glover, P. M., Morris, P. G., et al. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.034 · Cited by 471
Self-citationOptically pumped magnetometers: from quantum origins to multi-channel magnetoencephalography
Tierney, T. M., Holmes, N., Mellor, S., López, J. D., Roberts, G., Hill, R. M., Boto, E., Leggett, J., Shah, V., Brookes, M. J., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.063 · Cited by 400
Self-citationMeasuring MEG Closer to the Brain: Performance of on-Scalp Sensor Arrays
Iivanainen, J., Stenroos, M., & Parkkonen, L. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.048 · Cited by 296
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Sorted by citations
Multi-Channel Whole-Head OPM-MEG: Helmet Design and a Comparison with a Conventional System
Hill, R. M., Boto, E., Rea, M., Holmes, N., Leggett, J., Coles, L. A., Papastavrou, M., Everton, S. K., Hunt, B. A. E., Sims, D., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116995 · Cited by 285
Self-citationA lightweight magnetically shielded room with active shielding
Holmes, N., Rea, M., Chalmers, J., Leggett, J., Edwards, L. J., Nell, P., Pink, S., Patel, P., Wood, J., Murby, N., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17346-1 · Cited by 121
Self-citationA 90-Channel Triaxial Magnetoencephalography System Using Optically Pumped Magnetometers
Rea, M., Boto, E., Holmes, N., Hill, R., Osborne, J., Rhodes, N., Leggett, J., Rier, L., Bowtell, R., Shah, V., et al. (2022) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14890 · Cited by 102
Self-citationUsing OPMs to measure neural activity in standing, mobile participants
Seymour, R. A., Alexander, N., Mellor, S., O'Neill, G. C., Tierney, T. M., Barnes, G. R., & Maguire, E. A. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118604 · Cited by 102
Self-citationHolmes, N., Rea, M., Hill, R. M., Leggett, J., Edwards, L. J., Hobson, P. J., Boto, E., Tierney, T. M., Rier, L., Rivero, G. R., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120157 · Cited by 89
Self-citationNaturalistic Hyperscanning with Wearable Magnetoencephalography
Holmes, N., Rea, M., Hill, R. M., Boto, E., Leggett, J., Edwards, L. J., Rhodes, N., Shah, V., Osborne, J., Fromhold, T. M., et al. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23125454 · Cited by 52
“…mean OPM-MEG experiments involving participant motion not only require an MSR, but also ‘active’ magnetic shielding in the form of electromagnetic coils which cancel any residual magnetic field experienced by the array (Borna et al., 2020; Holmes et al., 2019, 2018; Iivanainen et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOptically Pumped Magnetometers for Practical MEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfacing
Wittevrongel, B., Holmes, N., Boto, E., Hill, R., Rea, M., Libert, A., Khachatryan, E., Bowtell, R., Brookes, M. J., & Van Hulle, M. M. (2021) · SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79287-9_4 · Cited by 9
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holmes, N., Tierney, T. M., Leggett, J., Boto, E., Mellor, S., Roberts, G., Hill, R. M., Shah, V., Barnes, G. R., Brookes, M. J., & Bowtell, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- QuSpin (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bowtell, Richard
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-10-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14196-14196
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6775070
- OpenAlex
- W2978220154
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (20357/B/16/Z, 203257/Z/16/Z)
- RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M013294/1)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R44HD074495, R44MH110288)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Keywords
- field compensation, magnetically shielded room, method of images, field uniformity, magnetic interference
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Equipment Design, Humans, Neurons, Magnetoencephalography, Physical Phenomena, Magnetic Fields
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