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Cited by 155Graphene research and applicationsSupercapacitor Materials and FabricationTiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Graphene nanosheets derived from plastic waste for the application of DSSCs and supercapacitors

Open access
Pandey, Sandeep, Karakoti, Manoj, Surana, Karan, Dhapola, Pawan Singh, SanthiBhushan, Boddepalli, Ganguly, Swaroop, Singh, Pramod K., Abbas, Ali, Srivastava, Anurag, Sahoo, Nanda Gopal·2021·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-83483-8PMC PMC7887277
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Abstract

The present study reports the upcycling process of waste plastics into value-added product graphene nanosheets (GNs) and their subsequent applications in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and supercapacitors. Bentonite nanoclay has been used as an agent for the degradation of waste plastics with two step pyrolysis processes at 450 °C and 945 °C in an inert atmosphere of N 2 gas to obtain GNs. The GNs with few layers were confirmed by the RAMAN spectroscopy, XRD and HRTEM analyses. Further, FT-IR and EDX analyses also performed for the identification and quantitative analysis of functional groups in GNs. The GNs thus synthesized from plastic waste have been used for the fabrication of DSSCs and supercapacitors. The DSSC fabrication with GNs as part of photo-anode with polymeric electrolyte showed a high fill factor of 86.4% and high V oc of 0.77 V, which were also supported by the computational findings. On the other hand, the utilization of GNs as an active layer material of supercapacitor electrodes offered a high specific capacitance of 398 F/g with a scan rate of 0.005 V/s. The supercapacitor also exhibited significant energy density (E d ) and power density (P d ) of 38 Wh/kg and 1009.74 W/kg, respectively. Thus, the process illustrated the utility of waste plastics upcycling for conservation of EEE i.e., ecology, economy and energy for better tomorrow.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41598-021-83483-8

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Figures

Figure 1 Process flow chart for the waste plastic derived options for circular economy through industrial symbiosis.
Figure 1 Process flow chart for the waste plastic derived options for circular economy through industrial symbiosis.CC BY · PubMed Central
Scheme 1 Schematic of the present process depicting the synthesis procedure of GNs from waste plastics and their applications for DSSC and supercapacitors.
Scheme 1 Schematic of the present process depicting the synthesis procedure of GNs from waste plastics and their applications for DSSC and supercapacitors.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 (a) Raman spectra of GNs, (b) FT-IR spectra of GNs, (c) XRD spectra of GNs, (d) TGA graph of GNs.
Figure 2 (a) Raman spectra of GNs, (b) FT-IR spectra of GNs, (c) XRD spectra of GNs, (d) TGA graph of GNs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 (a) 5 × 5 hexagonal periodic supercell of pristine GNs. (b) Defected GO with defect concentration of 2%. (c) Defected GNs with defect concentration of 2%.
Figure 3 (a) 5 × 5 hexagonal periodic supercell of pristine GNs. (b) Defected GO with defect concentration of 2%. (c) Defected GNs with defect concentration of 2%.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Band structure and DOS profiles for (a) pristine GNs, (b) 2% defected GO, (c) 2% defected GNs, (d) 6% defected GO, and (e) 6% defected GNs.
Figure 4 Band structure and DOS profiles for (a) pristine GNs, (b) 2% defected GO, (c) 2% defected GNs, (d) 6% defected GO, and (e) 6% defected GNs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 (a,c) FESEM image of GNs, (b,d) Hill stack plot of GNs.
Figure 5 (a,c) FESEM image of GNs, (b,d) Hill stack plot of GNs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 (a) HRTEM images of GNs at the magnification of 5 nm, (b) SAED pattern for GNs, (c) 3D surface plot of HRTEM image of GNs; (d) Plot profile diagram for showing the average number sheets present within GNs.
Figure 6 (a) HRTEM images of GNs at the magnification of 5 nm, (b) SAED pattern for GNs, (c) 3D surface plot of HRTEM image of GNs; (d) Plot profile diagram for showing the average number sheets present within GNs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Optical absorption spectra for (a) pristine graphene, (b) 2% defected GO, (c) 2% defected GNs, (d) 6% defected GO, and (e) 6% defected GNs.
Figure 7 Optical absorption spectra for (a) pristine graphene, (b) 2% defected GO, (c) 2% defected GNs, (d) 6% defected GO, and (e) 6% defected GNs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 (a) Schematic of the fabricated DSSC, (b) J–V characteristics, (c) EIS curve, and (d) Equivalent circuit of the DSSC.
Figure 8 (a) Schematic of the fabricated DSSC, (b) J–V characteristics, (c) EIS curve, and (d) Equivalent circuit of the DSSC.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 Comparison of quantum capacitance (CQ) of defected GNs with defected GO and pristine GNs.
Figure 9 Comparison of quantum capacitance (CQ) of defected GNs with defected GO and pristine GNs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 10 (a) CV curve (b) EIS spectra (c) GCD curve of the GNs based cell in 1 M H3PO4 electrolyte.
Figure 10 (a) CV curve (b) EIS spectra (c) GCD curve of the GNs based cell in 1 M H3PO4 electrolyte.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. MacArthur, E. Towards the Circular Economy, Economic and Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Cowes, 2013).
  2. EC, Speaking points by Environment Commissioner Janez Potočnik on Circular Economy—Press conference on Circular Economy and Green Employment Initiative, Brussels. (2014).
  3. EC, Report on critical raw materials for the EU—Critical raw materials profiles. in Industry, D.E.a. (ed.) (2015).

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Metadata

Authors
Pandey, S., Karakoti, M., Surana, K., Dhapola, P. S., SanthiBhushan, B., Ganguly, S., Singh, P. K., Abbas, A., Srivastava, A., & Sahoo, N. G.
Affiliations
  • Kumaun University (IN)
  • Sharda University (IN)
  • Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IN)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IN)
Corresponding author
Sahoo, Nanda Gopal
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-02-16
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
3916-3916
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-021-83483-8
PMC
PMC7887277
OpenAlex
W3131772750
Cited by
155
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 13
FWCI
7.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (IF150750)
  • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Changes, India (GBPNI/NMHS-2019-20/MG)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells
Keywords
graphene nanosheets, plastic waste upcycling, plastic waste pyrolysis, bentonite nanoclay, dye-sensitized solar cells, supercapacitors, photoanodes, polymer electrolytes, specific capacitance, energy density, electronic waste

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