M1 macrophages polarized by crude polysaccharides isolated from Auricularia polytricha exhibit anti-tumor effect on human breast cancer cells
Open accessAbstract
Breast cancer has been reported to correlate with the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or M2-like macrophages in tumor microenvironment (TME) that could promote breast cancer progression. In contrast, M1-like macrophages displayed anti-tumor activity toward cancer. This study was focused on Auricularia polytricha (AP), a cloud ear mushroom, which has been reported for anti-tumor activity and immunomodulation. AP extracts were screened on differentiated THP-1 macrophages (M0). Results demonstrated that water extract (APW) and crude polysaccharides (APW-CP) could upregulate M1-related genes and cytokines production (IL-6, IL-1 β and TNF-α) significantly. Moreover, APW and APW-CP showed a high expression of CD86 (M1 marker) compared to M0. The NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial for pro-inflammatory gene regulation. The APW and APW-CP treatment showed the induction of the NF-κB pathway in a dose-dependent manner, which related to the β-glucan content in the extracts. Furthermore, APW-CP polarized macrophages were investigated for anti-tumor activity on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Results showed that APW-CP could inhibit the invasion of breast cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Therefore, M1 macrophages polarized by APW-CP showed anti-tumor activity against the breast cancer cells and β-glucan may be the potential M1-phenotype inducer.
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MGF interferes with multiple nodes of NF-κB signaling, thereby limiting inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.
“MGF interferes with multiple nodes of NF-κB signaling, thereby limiting inflammation-driven carcinogenesis (93).”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [93]
The Results section reports that Auricularia polytricha extracts APW and APW-CP stimulated NF-κB signaling and M1 macrophage polarization. Searches for MGF and for interference with NF-κB found no passage addressing MGF or showing that it limits inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. The findings about different extracts cannot establish or contradict the claim about MGF. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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- Authors
- Nilkhet, S., Mongkolpobsin, K., Sillapachaiyaporn, C., Wongsirojkul, N., Tencomnao, T., & Chuchawankul, S.
- Affiliations
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Chuchawankul, Siriporn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-04-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8179-8179
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11001921
- OpenAlex
- W4394578096
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- the 90th anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund (GCUGR1125652057D)
- the Secondary Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand Science research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Fungal Biology and Applications
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Keywords
- Auricularia polytricha, M1 macrophage polarization, tumor-associated macrophages, breast cancer, crude polysaccharides, β-glucan, NF-κB signaling, THP-1 macrophages, CD86, inflammatory cytokines, tumor microenvironment, tumor invasion, apoptosis, MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, anticancer activity, immunomodulation
- MeSH terms
- Auricularia, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Macrophages, Polysaccharides, NF-kappa B, beta-Glucans, Tumor Microenvironment
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